• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.233-265
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• 2011

Material hardship measures have been used to supplement the traditional income-based poverty measures. Recently poverty researchers have increasingly used measure of material hardship to examine the well-being of low income families. Measuring the material hardship might be useful to a better understanding of the multi-dimensions of the poverty in Korea. Using the data of the Korea Welfare Panel Study(the fourth wave), I examine incidences of material hardship across quintiles of the income distributions and the factors that might affect the experience of material hardship among the poor families. Major findings are as follows. Descriptive results show that nearly one-fifth of all families had experienced at least one of the five material hardships in the year. Those in the bottom quintiles and the poor families are more likely to experience material hardship than the other quintiles and non-poor families. But, incidences of the material hardship in the middle income quintiles and low income families are not a few(18 percent and 37 percent). Logistic regression results show that family-consumption related variables, income other economic resources(asset and public assistance), and household's employment status affect the experience of material hardship among the poor families. But, material hardship among the poor families is not significantly related with family income. These results indicate that material hardship measures are the useful indicators to understanding the multi-dimensions of the poverty in Korea. And they suggest that an extensive reform of the public assistance policy is necessary to relieve the material hardships of the poor in Korea.

• East Asian Economic Review
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.305-336
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• 2022

This study applied the macro-micro simulation model (i.e., what-if analysis) to investigate the impact of transport related to the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) on poverty and income inequality in Laos. We selected Laos as a case study of a developing country. We used the standard GTAP model with the GTAP database (version 10) for the macrosimulation, whereas we used the household model with the latest Lao household data from 2019 for the microsimulation. Our findings revealed that the output of the Lao economy was anticipated to increase by up to 0.3%, while the poverty rate was anticipated to decline from 17.0% to 15.7%. However, there would be winners and losers in industries and groups of households in different areas. In particular, rich households with a comparative socioeconomic advantage, such as in education, engagement in nonfarm business, and infrastructure access, would mostly gain benefits; consequently, this would lead to higher inequality in Laos. Therefore, the inequality index (i.e., the Gini coefficient) would increase from 41.2 to 60.1. After a simulation of BRI transport, we also found that some nonpoor households, which are mainly associated with farm activities and lower educational levels, would fall into poverty.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.31
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• pp.1-28
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• 1997

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.12
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• pp.401-411
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• 2015

The main object of the study is to investigate the relationship between depressive symptom and poverty and to analyze the interaction effect between poverty and informal social relationship on depressive symptom. The data for the study is survey data on Life of elderly in Chuncheon Area in 2014. The sample size of the survey is 2,023 and because of missing data, the analysis contains data for 1,934 persons. The survey is conducted by the face to face interview with the questionnaire. Results of the analysis are as follows. First, the poverty shows positive relationship with depressive symptom. Second, the level of contact with children and support exchange with friends show negative relationship with depressive symptom. Third, There is interaction effect between poverty and level of contact with children on depressive symptom.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.251-274
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• 2007

Although linkages between poverty and disability are often noted, until recently they have not been systematically examined in Korea. Many people with disabilities tend to become poorer because they lack access to jobs. And income support programs are not sufficient. But more severe is people with disabilities in labor market tend to be poor. The purposes of this study were to explore the characteristics of working poor with disabilities and to identify the major determinants of poverty. For this, '2005 Survey on the Workers With Disabilities' was used. The data was analyzed by descriptive statistics, t-test, logistic regression. The results showed that gender, age, education level, marital status, region where they live, the number of the household member, the severity of disability, the onset of disability are significant predictors in determining their poverty status. Also employment status, occupation type, industry type, numbers of years in current job are major determinants of their poverty status. Finally, based on these results several policy implications were presented.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.736-751
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• 2009

China is in the process of carrying out socialist planned economic system and capitalist market economic system along with its reforms and opening. In the process, the problem of poverty is surfacing along with the commercialization of housing. In this study, we've analyzed China's social security system through literature at home and abroad based on the concept of place poverty, and have pointed out the characteristics and problems of Chinese urban housing reform centered around what we've identified. Furthermore, we've divided up China into 8 zones, and have examine the characteristic of each area by population & social index, economic index, and housing index. As a result of analysis, the process of urban housing reform had an effect on housing poverty, and appeared to have different characteristics by zone. In this study, since China's situation by area is very diverse, it presents a point that we must approach with not a monistic method but a pluralistic method regarding housing policy.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Child Welfare
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• no.54
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• pp.113-144
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to investigate whether children's social capital(both within and outside the family) and happiness would vary depending on poverty, as well as the effects of poverty on the happiness of children through their social capital. The 2013 Korea Youth General Survey data were utilized. We analyzed data from 766 children between the ages of 9 and 12, as well as their parents. Data were examined using structural equation modeling analysis. The bootstrapping method was used to test the mediating effects of social capital. The results showed that poor children had lower levels of social capital(both within and outside the family) and happiness than non-poor children. Second, poverty had indirect effects one happiness. In particular, poverty affected children's happiness through their social capital obtained both from within and outside the families. The mediating effects were statistically significant. Based on the results, we suggested policy and practice implications, including various interventions for children in poverty that may improve their social capital, which influences children's happiness.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.44
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• pp.178-208
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• 2001

This study concerns the understanding of 'social exclusion' which is getting poplular in Europe as the new term or paradigm in order to resolve poverty problem. As case study on the France, the purpose of this study is to extract the consideration of welfare policy and suggestions as to us. In order to understand comprehensively the concept 'social exclusion' and the situation of the France, this study analyzes the existing researches on its concept and tries to realize a comparative study. Thus, this study indicates that the France is the state which has taken the most interest in 'social exclusion'. The second parti of this study concerns the change of the concept 'social exclusion' and its policies in the France. The concept 'social exclusion' which has used in the 1960's, has settled as the term of policies in the 1980's, thanks to seriousness of poverty and unemployment problem and change of social consciousness (opinion). As policy on the 'social exclusion', there are Revenu minimum d'insertion of the 1988 and law on the social exclusion of the 1998. Through analysis of policies on the 'social exclusion' in the France, we can get the following consideration of welfare policy and suggestions: on the macro level, the necessity to establish the comprehensive perspective on the poverty problem, invention and development of the term as regard to social new problem; on the micro lever, planning of welfare program according to clients needs, importance of perpetual assessing of the existing welfare program and institutions, the institutional establishment of 'reserve budget', the application of decentralization principle and the active participation of the private sector in order to promote the effectiveness and the efficiency of the program and institutions.

• Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.57-92
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• 2016

The Correlations Between the Labour Market Structure and Poverty of the Regions The main objectives of this study are to make an investigation into the spatial characteristics of poverty and to analyze the effects of regional labour market structure. Most previous studies on poverty were more likely to examine internal factors like the characteristics of poor households or family structures than external factors in terms of the regional environments. In order to achieve these goals, this study used the Small Area Estimation designed to estimate the income of each household and then calculate the poverty rate of each local area in order to examine the spatial characteristics of poverty. The poverty distribution in Korea showed the local labour market structures effect on the region poverty rate. The Korean economy now exhibits a big gap between the haves and the have-nots and between urban areas and rural areas. The poverty rate of particular regions will increase and those in the areas will face deteriorated circumstances falling into poverty traps. This study reflects this stern reality and empirically proved the strong need for consideration of regional characteristics in conducting studies on poverty and related policy amendments.

• 한국사회정책
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.71-104
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• 2018

This paper adopts a distributive performance process model of in-work poverty based on labor markets, households, and welfare states and analyzes the 4-11 waves of the Korean Welfare Panel Study during 2008-15. Previous studies on in-work poverty have focused on the definitions and concepts of in-work poverty by analyzing employment and unemployment persistence and repetition dynamics, but rarely paid attention to institutional distributive performance. In this regard, this study preforms a stepwise analysis of labor markets, households, and welfare states as a process of income generation in labor markets, satisfaction of welfare needs and income pooling at households, and deduction of social security contribution and income tax as well as receipt of public transfer income at welfare states. Results of empirical analysis show that in-work poverty had been on increase during 2008-11, followed by a decrease between 2012-15. At labor market stages, full time status had the most prominent impact on in-work poverty process, while status by employment and contract type have generated a huge variation as well. At household stages, household work intensity and number of earners contributed to reduction of in-work poverty, but the relations did not seen to be straightforward. However, welfare state played little role in lifting employees out of in-work poverty. In terms of institutional distributive process, in-work poverty was prevalent in either household-welfare state stage or labor market-household-welfare stage. Non-vulnerable group in terms of in-risk poverty was around 80% of the sample during the period of analysis, the size of which has remained constant.