• 제목/요약/키워드: potential hazardous

검색결과 281건 처리시간 0.025초

사고저항성 핵연료용 세라믹 미소셀 UO2 소결체의 Cs 포집반응에 대한 열역학적 평가 (Thermodynamic Evaluations of Cesium Capturing Reaction in Ceramic Microcell UO2 Pellet for Accident-tolerant Fuel)

  • 전상채;김건식;김동주;김동석;김종헌;윤지해;양재호
    • 방사성폐기물학회지
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    • 제17권1호
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    • pp.37-46
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    • 2019
  • 사고저항성 핵연료의 일환으로 $UO_2$ 입자가 세라믹 셀 벽으로 둘러싸인 미세구조를 갖는 세라믹 미소셀 $UO_2$ 소결체를 개발 중이다. 이는 핵분열생성물들을 $UO_2$ 펠렛 내에 포집하여 펠렛 외부로의 방출을 저감함으로써 봉내압 상승을 완화하고 응력부식균열 발생률을 낮춘다. 생성량이나 방사능 측면에서 위험한 핵분열생성물 중 하나로 여겨지는 세슘은 세라믹 미소셀소결체 내에서 셀 물질과 화학반응 하여 포집될 수 있다. 따라서, 세슘 포집능은 해당 화학반응의 열역학적, 속도론적 특성에 의해 결정된다. 역으로, 미소셀 소결체의 조성설계 시 해당 반응에 대한 열역학적 예측이 필수적이다. 본 연구는 세라믹 현재 개발 중인 여러 미소셀 조성(Si-Ti-O, Si-Cr-O, Si-Al-O)에 대해 세슘의 포집능을 평가하는 열역학적 계산을 다룬다. 계산에 앞서 먼저 HSC Chemistry를 이용해 세슘과 셀 물질의 물리/화학적 상태를 정의한 후, LWR 정상운전 모사환경에서 계산된 세슘포텐셜(${\Delta}G_{Cs}$)과 산소포텐셜(${\Delta}G_{O_2}$)에 근거하여 세슘포집 반응성을 평가하였다. 계산 결과에 근거하면, 세슘 포집반응은 상기 모든 조성에서 자발적일 것으로 예상되며 이로써 조성설계의 근거를 제시함과 동시에 세슘의 포집능을 평가하는 효과적인 방법을 제공한다.

고독성 농약의 국내 농작업자 위해성 평가 (The Preliminary Operator Risk Assessment of High Toxicological Pesticides in Korea)

  • 홍순성;정미혜;박경훈;유아선;박연기;이제봉;김찬섭;신진섭;박재읍
    • 농약과학회지
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.116-122
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    • 2010
  • 본 연구는 고독성 농약의 농약살포작업자에 대한 위해성을 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 국내에서 등록되어 사용되고 있는 고독성 농약 중 분무의 형태로 과수에 살포되는 11품목의 농약에 대한 일반적인 사용정보와 우리나라의 농약사용실태 조사를 통하여 습득한 데이터를 노출량산정 프로그램인 UK-POEM에 적용하여 농약살포자의 농약노출량을 산정하고, 산정된 노출량을 국제기구에서 발표한 농약에 대한 독성기준치와 비교하여 위해성 지표를 산출하였다. 개인보호장비를 착용한 경우 오메토에이트 유제의 위해성 지수는 SS기를 이용하여 농약을 살포할 때와 MS기를 이용하여 농약을 살포할 때 각각 338과 75로 가장 높았으며, 모든 고독성 농약에 대한 위해성 지수가 1이상으로 평가되었다. 이는 고독성 농약의 농약살포자에 대한 위해가능성이 매우 높다는 것을 의미한다.

Electrochemical treatment of wastewater using boron doped diamond electrode by metal inter layer

  • KIM, Seohan;YOU, Miyoung;SONG, Pungkeun
    • 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국진공학회 2016년도 제50회 동계 정기학술대회 초록집
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    • pp.251-251
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    • 2016
  • For several decades, industrial processes consume a huge amount of raw water for various objects that consequently results in the generation of large amounts of wastewater. Wastewaters are consisting of complex mixture of different inorganic and organic compounds and some of them can be toxic, hazardous and hard to degrade. These effluents are mainly treated by conventional technologies such are aerobic and anaerobic treatment and chemical coagulation. But, these processes are not suitable for eliminating all hazardous chemical compounds form wastewater and generate a large amount of toxic sludge. Therefore, other processes have been studied and applied together with these techniques to enhance purification results. These include photocatalysis, absorption, advanced oxidation processes, and ozonation, but also have their own drawbacks. In recent years, electrochemical techniques have received attention as wastewater treatment process that could be show higher purification results. Among them, boron doped diamond (BDD) attract attention as electrochemical electrode due to good chemical and electrochemical stability, long lifetime and wide potential window that necessary properties for anode electrode. So, there are many researches about high quality BDD on Nb, Ta, W and Si substrates, but, their application in effluents treatment is not suitable due to high cost of metal and low conductivity of Si. To solve these problems, Ti has been candidate as substrate in consideration of cost and property. But there are adhesion issues that must be overcome to apply Ti as BDD substrate. Al, Cu, Ti and Nb thin films were deposited on Ti substrate to improve adhesion between substrate and BDD thin film. In this paper, BDD films were deposited by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HF-CVD) method. Prior to deposition, cleaning processes were conducted in acetone, ethanol, and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) using sonification machine for 7 min, respectively. And metal layer with the thickness of 200 nm were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering (DCMS). To analyze microstructure X-ray diffraction (XRD, Bruker gads) and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM, Hitachi) were used. It is confirmed that metal layer was effective to adhesion property and improved electrode property. Electrochemical measurements were carried out in a three electrode electrochemical cell containing a 0.5 % H2SO4 in deionized water. As a result, it is confirmed that metal inter layer heavily effect on BDD property by improving adhesion property due to suppressing formation of titanium carbide.

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위험유해물질 유출사고 대응을 위한 가상시나리오 개발 (Development of Response Scenario for a Simulated HNS Spill Incident)

  • 이문진;오상우
    • 해양환경안전학회지
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    • 제20권6호
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    • pp.677-684
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    • 2014
  • 해양사고 발생시 대응능력 향상을 위해 대응훈련 및 이를 위한 시나리오 개발이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 위험유해물질 유출사고 대응체계 구축의 일환으로 가상 위험유해물질 유출사고에 대한 대응 시나리오를 개발하였다. 가상 시나리오는 부산 해역을 대상으로 개발하였으며, 대상해역에서 발생될 수 있는 가상 사고 시나리오와 이에 대한 대응 시나리오를 각각 개발하였다. 가상 사고 시나리오는 대상해역인 부산해역의 위험평가 및 취약성분석을 통해 발생될 수 있는 위험유해물질 유출사고를 선정하고, 가상 사고로 인해 발생될 수 있는 피해를 예측하여 구축되었다. 가상 사고에 대한 대응 시나리오는 가상 사고 시나리오의 피해예측에서 제시된 피해를 수습하기 위한 단계별 조치사항으로서 제시하였다. 부산해역의 위험유해물질 가상 유출사고는 부산 감천항 충돌사고로 인한 자일렌(xylene) 1,000톤 유출사고로 선정하였으며, 이로 인한 피해는 자일렌의 대기확산 및 해양확산 계산을 통해 예측하였다. 또한 가상 사고에 대한 대응 시나리오는 피해지역의 주민 대피, 자일렌 확산 방지 및 회수, 대응요원 보호조치, 사고지역 사후 관리 등에 대한 단계별 조치사항을 제시하였다.

Korea Total Diet Study-Based Risk Assessment on Contaminants Formed During Manufacture, Preparation and Storage of Food

  • Kwon, Kisung;Jo, Cheon-Ho;Choi, Jang-Duck
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제36권3호
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    • pp.213-219
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    • 2021
  • 식품의 제조, 가공, 조리 및 저장 중 많은 유해물질이 발생하며 이들은 소량이지만 장기간 노출되면 식품안전에 위협이 될 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 식품의약품안전처에서 수행한 총 식이조사(TDS) 자료를 기반으로 우리나라에서 식품섭취를 통한 이들 주요 유해물질에 대한 노출 및 위해평가 상황을 파악하고 소비자 및 기업으로 하여금 관련 위험을 저감하는 방안을 제시하고자 하는 것이다. 식품의 제조, 가공, 조리 및 저장 중 생성 유해물질 중 대표적인 아크릴아미드, 퓨란, 에틸 카바메이트, 3-MCPD, 바이오제닉 아민류, 니트로아민류 화합물, 다환 방향족화합물, 벤젠 등에 대한 식이를 통한 노출량을 조사하고 위해평가를 수행한 바, 아크릴아미드 및 퓨란의 경우 노출안전역(MOE) 10,000이하로 저감화 우선 물질로 판단되며, 나머지 물질 등의 경우 모두 노출안전역이 10,000 또는 100,000 이상으로 안전한 수준에 있는 것으로 나타났음. 그러나 향후 지속적으로 모니터링을 수행하고 ALARA 원칙에 따라 가능한 노출 저감화를 위해 노력을 기울여야한다.

불화수소에 대한 사고대응 정보시트 개발 (Development of Accident Response Information Sheets for Hydrogen Fluoride)

  • 윤영삼;박연신;김기준;조문식;황동건;윤준헌;최경희
    • 한국위험물학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.18-26
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    • 2014
  • We analyzed the demand of competent authorities requiring adequate technical information for initial investigation of chemical accidents. Reflecting technical reports on chemical accident response by environmental agencies in the U.S. and Canada, we presented information on environmental diffusion and toxic effects available for the first chemical accident response. Hydrogen fluoride may have the risk potential to corrode metals and cause serious burns and eye damages. In case of inhalation or intake, it could have severe health effects. The substance itself is inflammable, but once heated, it decomposes producing corrosive and toxic fume. In case of contact with water, it can produce toxic, corrosive, flammable or explosive gases and its solution, a strong acid, may react fiercely with a base. In case of hydrogen fluoride leak, the preventive measures are to decrease steam generation in exposed sites, prevent the transfer of vapor cloud and promptly respond using inflammable substances including calcium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate, ground limestone, dried soil, dry sand, vermiculite, fly ash and powder cement. The method for fire fighting is to suppress fire with manless hose stanchions or monitor nozzles by wearing the whole body protective clothing equipped with over-pressure self-contained breathing apparatus from distance. In case of transport accident accompanied with fire, evacuation distance is 1,600m radius. In cae of fire, fire suppression needs to be performed using dry chemicals, CO2, water spray, water fog, and alcohol-resistance foam, etc. The major symptoms by exposure route are dyspnoea, bronchitis, chemical pneumonia and pulmonary edema for respiration, skin laceration, dermatitis, burn, frostbite and erythema for eyes, and nausea, diarrhea, stomachache, and tissue destruction for digestive organs. In atmosphere, its persistency is low, and its bioaccumulation in aquatic organism is also low.

Environment-wide association study of elevated liver enzymes: results from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey 2018-2022

  • Youngchan Chi;Jong-Tae Park;Sewhan Na;Kyeongmin Kwak
    • Annals of Occupational and Environmental Medicine
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    • 제35권
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    • pp.27.1-27.12
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    • 2023
  • Background: Environmental exposure is characterized by low concentration, chronic, and complex exposure. Traditional epidemiological studies show limitations in reflecting these characteristics since they usually focus on a single or very limited number of exposure factors at a time. In this study, we adopted the methodology of environment-wide association study (EWAS) to figure out the association of human liver function with various environmentally hazardous substances. Methods: We analyzed 2,961 participants from the Korean National Environmental Health Survey Cycle 4 (2018-2020). Using generalized linear model (GLM) analysis, we analyzed the association of 72 variables with 3 liver function indices (aspartate aminotransferase [AST], alanine aminotransferase [ALT], and gamma glutamyl transferase [GGT]). Finally, we visualized our results with Manhattan plot. Results: In GLM analysis, perfluorooctanesulfonate were positively associated with ALT (odds ratio [OR]: 2.2; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.39-3.46; padjusted = 0.0147) and perfluorodecanoic acid showed positive association with GGT (OR: 2.73; 95% CI: 1.36-5.5; padjusted = 0.0256). Plasma mercury showed positive association with GGT (OR: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14-1.84; padjusted = 0.0315). Using a plastic container while keeping food in the refrigerator was associated with elevated GGT compared to using a glass container (OR: 1.51; 95% CI: 1.16-1.95; padjusted = 0.0153). 2-ethyl-5-oxohexyl phthalate, showed a negative trend with all 3 indices, with AST (OR: 0.54; 95% CI: 0.39-0.73; padjusted = 0.00357), ALT (OR: 0.5; 95% CI: 0.34-0.75; padjusted = 0.036), GGT (OR: 0.55; 95% CI: 0.4-0.76; padjusted = 0.00697). Bisphenol S and frequent use of sunblock cream showed negative association with ALT (OR: 0.77; 95% CI: 0.66-0.89), and GGT (OR: 0.25; 95% CI: 0.11-0.55), respectively. Conclusions: We conducted an exploratory study on environmental exposure and human liver function. By using EWAS methodology, we identified 7 factors that could have potential association with liver function.

Evaluation of Human Factors for the Next-Generation Displays: A Review of Subjective and Objective Measurement Methods

  • Mun, Sungchul;Park, Min-Chul
    • 대한인간공학회지
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.207-215
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    • 2013
  • Objective: This study aimed to investigate important human factors that should be considered when developing ultra-high definition TVs by reviewing measurement methods and main characteristics of ultra-high definition displays. Background: Although much attention has been paid to high-definition displays, there have been few studies for systematically evaluating human factors. Method: In order to determine human factors to be considered in developing human-friendly displays, we reviewed subjective and objective measurement methods to figure out the current limitations and establish a guideline for developing human-centered ultra-high definition TVs. In doing so, pros and cons of both subjective and objective measurement methods for assessing humans factors were discussed and specific aspects of ultra-high definition displays were also investigated in the literature. Results: Hazardous effects such as visually-induced motion sickness, visual fatigue, and mental fatigue in the brain caused by undesirable TV viewing are induced by not only temporal decay of visual function but also cognitive load in processing sophisticated external information. There has been a growing evidence that individual differences in visual and cognitive ability to process external information can make contrary responses after exposing to the same viewing situation. A wide vision, ultra-high definition TVs provide, can has positive and negative influences on viewers depending on their individual characteristics. Conclusion: Integrated measurement methods capable of considering individual differences in human visual system are required to clearly determine potential effects of super-high vision displays with a wide view on humans. All of brainwaves, autonomic responses, eye functions, and psychological responses should be simultaneously examined and correlated. Application: The results obtained in this review are expected to be a guideline for determining optimized viewing factors of ultra-high definition displays and accelerating successful penetration of the next-generation displays into our daily life.

터치스크린 기반 항해 시스템을 위한 사용자 인터페이스 실험 모델 설계 (User Interface Experiment Model Design for Touch-Screen Based on Navigation System)

  • 전현민;안재용;오승엽;박범
    • 정보처리학회논문지:소프트웨어 및 데이터공학
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    • 제3권11호
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    • pp.503-510
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    • 2014
  • 전자통신 기술의 발달로 인해 선박 항해 장비들도 아날로그에서 디지털로 변경되어 통합 운용되고 있으며, 터치스크린 기반의 항해 인터페이스가 주목받고 연구 개발되고 있는 추세이다. 하지만, 항해 중에 파도와 같은 외부적인 환경요인으로부터 영향을 받기 때문에 잘못된 조작으로 인하여 위험한 해양사고가 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 갖고 있지만, 이를 고려한 체계적인 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 본 논문에서는 터치스크린 입력상의 외부 환경을 고려한 안정성을 검증하는 실험 모델을 제안한다. 또한 제안하는 실험 모델을 통하여 터치스크린 인터페이스에서 버튼의 크기와 입력 지연시간을 부여하는 것이 효과가 있는지 확인하는 모의실험을 하였다. 제안된 실험 모델을 통한 분석을 통하여, 선박 전체 시스템의 안정성을 증진시킬 수 있는 사용자 오류에 견고한 터치스크린 인터페이스 연구에 크게 기여할 수 있을 것이다.

구리 독성에 기인하는 비정상적인 어류행동의 신경생화학적 분석 (Neurobiochemical Analysis of Abnormal Fish Behavior Caused by Copper Toxicity)

  • 신성우;조현덕;전태수;김정상;이성규;고성철
    • Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology
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    • 제18권2호
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    • pp.145-153
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    • 2003
  • The goal of this study is to develop a biomarker used in monitoring abnormal behaviors of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism caused by hazardous chemicals. Japanese medaka was treated by copper of appropriate sublethal concentrations after starvation for 48 hr. The untreated individuals showed common behavioral characteristics (i.e. , smooth and linear movements). Locomotive activity of the fish was monitored using an image processing and automatic data acquisition system. When treated with copper (100 ppb), the fish showed shaking patterns more frequently. As the concentration of copper increased to 1,000 ppb, activity decreated, and the fish showed an erratic movement. Fish were exposed to copper at various concentrations (0,100 and 1,000 ppb) for 24 hrs, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was observed. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of copper, the body AChE activities appeared to decrease but the head AChE activities showed little change. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head (brain) and body (kidney) portions affected by the copper treatment were analyzed using immunohistochemical technique compared with control. Five organs of the fish (olfactory bulb, hyothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions) showed a relatively strong TH protein expression in the control experiment. A differential expression of TH, however, was observed in the treatment (100 ppb and 1,000 ppb). The treatment (1,000 ppb) significantly suppressed TH protein production in the brain regions. In kidney, however, the same treatment caused little suppression compared with the control. Copper appeared to be less effective in suppression of TH than diazinon, a known TH suppressor. It was concluded that TH could be used at a potential biomarker to monitor the acute copper toxicity in Japanese medaka.