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Neurobiochemical Analysis of Abnormal Fish Behavior Caused by Copper Toxicity  

신성우 (한국해양대학교 토목환경시스템공학부)
조현덕 (부산대학교 생물학과)
전태수 (부산대학교 생물학과)
김정상 (경북대학교 동물공학과)
이성규 (한국화학연구원 환경독성연구부)
고성철 (한국해양대학교 토목환경시스템공학부)
Publication Information
Environmental Analysis Health and Toxicology / v.18, no.2, 2003 , pp. 145-153 More about this Journal
Abstract
The goal of this study is to develop a biomarker used in monitoring abnormal behaviors of Japanese medaka (Oryzias latipes) as a model organism caused by hazardous chemicals. Japanese medaka was treated by copper of appropriate sublethal concentrations after starvation for 48 hr. The untreated individuals showed common behavioral characteristics (i.e. , smooth and linear movements). Locomotive activity of the fish was monitored using an image processing and automatic data acquisition system. When treated with copper (100 ppb), the fish showed shaking patterns more frequently. As the concentration of copper increased to 1,000 ppb, activity decreated, and the fish showed an erratic movement. Fish were exposed to copper at various concentrations (0,100 and 1,000 ppb) for 24 hrs, and acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity was observed. When fish were exposed to 1,000 ppb of copper, the body AChE activities appeared to decrease but the head AChE activities showed little change. Expressions of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) protein in the different organs from both head (brain) and body (kidney) portions affected by the copper treatment were analyzed using immunohistochemical technique compared with control. Five organs of the fish (olfactory bulb, hyothalamus, optic lobe, pons and myelencephalon regions) showed a relatively strong TH protein expression in the control experiment. A differential expression of TH, however, was observed in the treatment (100 ppb and 1,000 ppb). The treatment (1,000 ppb) significantly suppressed TH protein production in the brain regions. In kidney, however, the same treatment caused little suppression compared with the control. Copper appeared to be less effective in suppression of TH than diazinon, a known TH suppressor. It was concluded that TH could be used at a potential biomarker to monitor the acute copper toxicity in Japanese medaka.
Keywords
copper; tyrosine hydroxylase; acetylcholine esterase; neurobiochemical; biomonitoring; biomarker;
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