• KDI Journal of Economic Policy
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.79-112
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• 2007

대외개방의 진전은 해외로부터의 실재적 경쟁(actual competition)과 잠재적 경쟁(potential competition)을 동시에 촉진할 수 있다. 경쟁정책을 집행하는 데 있어 지금까지 경쟁당국은 국내시장에서 수입품이 차지하는 비율, 즉 실재적 해외경쟁만을 고려해 온 경향이 있으며, 잠재적 경쟁에 대한 고려는 상대적으로 적었던 것으로 판단된다. 본 논문은 수입침투율의 국내시장조건에 대한 동태적 반응을 잠재적 경쟁의 측정지표로 사용하여 해외로부터의 잠재적 경쟁이 한국의 산업별 시장구조에 따라 어떤 차이를 가지는가를 살펴보는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 동태적 패널모형을 이용한 실증분석의 결과, 해외로부터의 잠재적 경쟁이 유의하게 존재하며, 이는 국내시장구조가 상대적으로 독과점화되어 있는 경우 보다 강하게 나타난다는 것을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 국내시장구조만으로 경쟁의 정도를 파악하는 데에는 한계가 있으며, 따라서 경쟁정책의 왜곡을 줄이기 위해서는 해외부문과의 잠재적 경쟁을 적절히 반영하는 것이 필요하다는 것을 시사해 주는 것이라고 할 수 있을 것이다.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.177-205
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• 2016

점차 치열해지고 있는 경쟁환경은 기업들에게 생존을 위해 끊임없이 혁신적인 제품과 서비스를 창출하도록 요구하고 있다. 이러한 경쟁환경에 대응하기 위하여 기업들은 R&D 투자를 통하여 지속적인 혁신을 달성하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 경쟁과 기업의 R&D 투자의 관계를 고찰하였다. 이를 위하여 경쟁을 실질적 경쟁과 잠재적 경쟁으로 이원화하여 각각이 기업의 R&D 투자에 미치는 영향을 관찰하였다. 또한 이 관계가 기업의 목표대비 성과 수준에 따라 어떻게 달라지는지 관찰하였다. 미국 Compustat 데이터로 실증분석을 수행한 결과, 실질적 경쟁은 기업의 R&D 투자를 감소시키는 경향이 있었던 반면 잠재적 경쟁은 R&D 투자를 증가시키는 경향이 있었다. 이에 대하여 목표대비 성과 수준의 조절효과는 기업의 성과가 목표보다 낮았을 때는 실질적 경쟁의 음(-)의 효과를 강화시키고, 잠재적 경쟁의 양(+)의 효과를 약화시켰고, 목표보다 높았을 때에도 실질적 경쟁의 음(-)의 효과를 강화 시키고, 잠재적 경쟁의 양(+)의 효과를 약화시켰으나 그 조절효과는 기업의 성과가 목표보다 낮았을 때보다 더욱 강하게 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 실질적 경쟁 및 잠재적 경쟁과 기업의 R&D 투자의사결정의 관계 그리고 목표대비 성과 수준의 역할을 이해하는데 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국중재학회지:중재연구
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.179-206
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• 2005

The development of information & telecommunication technology and internet-based electronic commerce helps to create a new economic environment. Such an economic environment requires the companies to change themselves, while providing unlimited potential and opportunities to them. Thus, in order to help the companies engaged in a fair and free competition in the electronic market, a fair competition policy needs to be designed and operated. The electronic commerce has not only promote the competition but also impede it. The electronic commerces tend to violate the fair trade than the conventional commerces in terms of differentiation, monopoly, conference, limited competition and intellectual property rights, schumpeterian competition, Alliance competition. With such basic concepts in mind, this study was aimed at reviewing the economic effects of the electronic commerce in the market and addressing the problems involving the application of the fair trade code to the electronic commerce, and thereby, suggesting the insights into our fair competition policy and reform measures.

• 한국정보시스템학회지:정보시스템연구
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.229-246
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• 2017

Purpose The purpose of this study is to examine the potential asymmetry in price competition between the geographically defined submarkets of the lodging industry, namely the traditional and alternative accommodation facilities. Design/methodology/approach The study utilizes a spatial econometric model to empirically test for the hypothesized asymmetry in price competition. Property-level panel data on hotels and alternative accommodation facilities collected from a major online travel agency (OTA: Agoda.com) was used for this purpose. Findings Result of the analysis shows significant intra-segment spatial price competition among the properties, that is, within hotels and within alternative accommodation submarkets, respectively. However, the inter-segment competition was found to be asymmetric as hypothesized. Room rates of hotels are influenced by prices of geographically close alternative accommodations, but the reverse does not hold. Implications for practitioners and suggestions for future research are discussed along with the findings of the study.

• 한국언론정보학보
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• 제41권
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• pp.181-199
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• 2008

지역신문 위기를 진단하고 분석한 대부분의 연구들은 개별 원인들의 경중을 간과해 왔다. 지역신문 활성화를 위한 다양한 정책이 집행되고 있지만 아직까지 가시적인 성과를 보이지 못하는 것도 정책을 집중할 대상, 즉 핵심 원인들에 대한 파악이 잘못된 탓일 수도 있다. 이에 이 연구는 지역신문의 위기를 초래한 다양한 원인들을 통계적으로 검증해 보고자 한다. 그동안의 연구 성과에 따라, 위기의 원인을 중앙집권적인 정치 구조, 광고 잠재 시장, 구독 잠재 시장, 그리고 지역산문 간 경쟁 이상 네 가지로 나눈 뒤, 이를 지역보도 비중으로 대변되는 지역성과의 관계를 45개 지역신문을 대상으로 살펴보았다. 그 결과 그동안 학계의 주장과는 달리, 중앙집권적인 정치 구조와 구독 잠재 시장은 통계적으로 의미가 없었던 것에 비해서, 광고 잠재 시장과 지역신문 간 경쟁만이 통계적으로 유의미한 결과를 보였다. 그러나 광고 잠재 시장이 부정적 회귀계수 값을 가진 것에 비해서 지역신문 간 경쟁은 긍정적 회귀계수값을 보여 방향성에 차이를 보여주었다. 이러한 결과는 지역신문 간 경쟁이 치열한 곳에서는 생존전략 차원에서 지역 관련 보도의 비중을 확대하는 반면에 광고 잠재 시장이 각 지역신문의 생존을 담보해 주는 상황에서는 지역신문이 동종 지역신문과의 경쟁보다는 중앙지와의 경쟁에 초점을 두기 때문에 지역성보다는 전국성에 비중을 두는 것으로 해석할 수 있다.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.190-201
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• 2022

Background: The introduction of new living modified (LM) crops may pose a latent threat to the biodiversity of each country. Here, we used sunflowers (Helianthus annuus L.) as a study system to investigate the potential for invasiveness of LM crops under different environmental conditions when released into a natural ecosystem in South Korea. We examined the seed germination, survival, and flowering of sunflowers under competition with wild plants at different sowing dates (March-December) and plot sizes (1 m × 1 m and 2 m × 2 m). Results: The germination rate showed a significant difference according to the sowing date. In addition, several sunflowers survived in plots with a high germination rate, which also led to a higher flowering rate. We found that the smaller the plot, the smaller the area available for inter-species competition, and the higher the number of surviving sunflower plants. The relative dominance and importance value of the species varied significantly between the sowing dates; in particular, sunflowers sown in March could compete with wild plants for longer than those sown on other sowing dates. Conclusions: These observations indicate that the potential for invasiveness of sunflowers differs depending on the environmental conditions and seed density at the time of release.

• ETRI Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.587-596
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• 2008

Facility-based competition (FBC) in the telecommunications market is considered to have lower static efficiency in the short term and higher dynamic efficiency in the long term. Under service-based competition (SBC), the entrant can reduce its setup costs by leasing network facilities from the incumbent, which makes the entrant viable, pushes the market price down and promotes static efficiency. This paper attempts to measure static efficiency by comparing the profits of the incumbent and entrant in terms of consumer surplus and social welfare under each competition type by extending the Stackelberg model. The results, assuming a linear demand function and variation in regulatory level, show that FBC results in higher social welfare than SBC on the whole. However, SBC accompanied by strong regulation is also shown to have the potential to be superior over FBC. It is also revealed that FBC exhibits a higher producer surplus (particularly, the incumbent's producer surplus) and is, therefore, more desirable in terms of dynamic efficiency. When the entrant's cost is high in FBC, social welfare is shown to be lowered, implying that cost competitiveness is a necessary condition for social welfare.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.877-895
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• 2010

Recently, many of rural villages are pursuing rural tourism to attract citizens and increase nonfarm income. A key of rural village plan utilizing rural amenity resources is to make sustainable villages considering regional character and potential for development that will work for the residents. In this study, we analyzed Rural Amenity Design Competition winning works which will be possible solutions to make proper plans for rural village and applied these contents to study areas. Three villages were selected as study areas and more than two types of amenity utilization were settled for planning direction for each village to have specialized and unique plan. Through Rural Amenity Design Competition which is being held annually, we will be able to get more data throughout rural area and verify trend of rural village planning. By selecting theme of the competition reflects needs of the time, more detailed and original ideas on amenity village planning can be drawn and this will contribute to proper and stable village planning.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.34-40
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• 2004

This study was conducted to remove the reactive dyes by the Ozone demand flask method which are one of the main pollutants in dye wastewater, Ozone oxidation of three kinds of the reactive dyes was examined to investigate the reactivity of dyes with ozone, Trihalomethane formation potentials(THMFPs), competition reaction and ozone utilization on various conditions for single- and multi-solute dye solution. Concentration of dyes was decreased continuously with increasing ozone dosage in the single-solute dye solutions. THMFPs per unit dye concentration were gradually increased with increase of ozone dosage. By the result of THMFPs change with reaction time, THMFPs were rapidly decreased within 1 minute in single-solute dye solutions. Dey were increased after 1 minute of reaction time, and then they were consistently decreased again after longer reaction time. Competition quotient values were calculated to investigate the preferential oxidation of individual dyes in multi-solute dye solutions. Competition quotients$(CQ_i)$ and values of the overall utilization efficiency, no$_3$, were increased at 40mg/1 of ozone dosage in multi-solute dye solutions.

• 대한전기학회논문지:전력기술부문A
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• 제51권8호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2002

As the electricity industry undergoes a process of fundamental restructuring, horizontal market power appears as a potential obstacle to a fully competitive wholesale electricity market. Market power is the ability profitably to maintain prices above competitive levels by restricting output below competitive levels. In models for imperfect competition under the consideration of the transmission constraints, the Nash equilibrium has the form of a mixed strategy. In this paper, the models for analyzing imperfect competition are compared using the solution of pure and mixed equilibria. The relation between market power and the capacity of a transmission line is investigated by imperfect competition analysis methods: Cournot, Bertrand, and Supply Curve model.