• School Mathematics
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.7-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this note is to give insights into the role of parallelism to the middle school mathematics. According to NCTM(1998), the middle grades mathematics classroom should be a place in which students regularly engage in thoughtful activity that relates to their emerging capabilities of finding and imposing structure, conjecturing and verifying, and engaging in abstraction and generalization. In this aspect it is desirable to reinvestigate Euclidean Parallel Postulate in the axiomatic point of view in the level of the middle school mathematics. Reconstructing the contents Greenberg(1993), and we explain the statements which are logically equivalent to the Parallel Postulate for mathematics teachers in the middle school.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.45-56
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• 2003

In this paper, we investigate the origin of Euclid's fifth postulate. For this we analyze the Euclid's proof of the Pythagorean theorem, so form a hypothesis "The Euclid's fifth postulate originated from the Pythagorean theorem." And we test our hypothesis by some historical evidences.evidences.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.19-20
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• 1962

Ginseng saponin was tested for the anticholesterolemic property by a "three-day fasting method". The results indicate that ginseng saponin has not significant anticholesterolemic activity on rabbits. P. Griminger previously offered the postulate that saponin-cholesterol complex formation causes anticolesterolemic effect in chicks. Above results, however, suggests that the postulate is not the whole answer for the anticholesterolemic activity of saponin.f saponin.

• KOMUNHWA
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• no.34
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• pp.3-32
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• 1989

It is my attempt to define 'pinched' as design, to find the pottery-building process and to postulate how much lavor were needed by experimental study. The sites where the pinched shards were found are Tongsam-dong. Sinam-ri, Chukgok, Suga-ri, Sang-Nodae-

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.139-175
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• 2000

We consider the boundary behavior of a Hardy class holomorphic function, either on the disk D in the complex plane or on a domain in multi-dimensional complex space. Although the two theories are formally different, we postulate some unifying fearures, and we suggest some future directions for research.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.27 no.11
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• pp.1856-1863
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• 2003

Overlay model had several advantages to describe hysteretic behavior of material and showed good capability for many engineering materials. However, this model is only applicable to material obeying Masing postulate. Some materials such as 316L stainless steel do not follow Masing postulate and show cyclic hardening(or softening) and strain range dependence. Low cycle fatigue tests of 316L stainless steel at 600$^{\circ}C$ were performed to investigate the characteristics of cyclic behavior of non-Masing material. From all tests cyclic softening was observed. There were differences in elastic limit of hysteresis loop according to applied strain range. To consider these features, modified overlay model was developed. Yield stresses of subelements were divided into isotropic and anisotropic part to describe the non-Masing behavior. The plastic strain range memorization was introduced to consider the strain range dependence. The prediction using modified overlay model showed a good accordance to actual hysteresis loops.

• Journal of Korean Philosophical Society
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• v.147
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• pp.117-146
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• 2018

This paper discusses, whether religion is possible even in the age of artificial intelligence, and whether humans alone are the subject of religious faith or ultra intelligent machines with human minds can be also subjects of faith. In order for ultra intelligent machines to be subjects of faith in the same conditions as humans, they must be able to have unique characteristics such as emotion, will, and self-consciousness. With the advent of ultra intelligent machines with the same level of cognitive and emotional abilities as human beings, the religious actions of artificial intelligence will be inevitable. The ultra intelligent machines after 'singularity' will go beyond the subject of religious belief and reign as God who can rule humans, nature and the world. This is also the common view of Morabeck, Kurzweil and Harari. Leonhart also reminds us that technological advances should make us used to the fact that we are now 'gods'. But we fear we may face distopia despite the general affluence of the 'Star Trec' economy. For this reason, even if a man says he has learned the religious truth, one can't help but wonder if it is true. Kant and Bloch are thinkers who critically reflected on our religious ideals and highest concept in different world-view premises. Kant's concept of God as 'idea of pure reason' and 'postulate of practical reason', can seem like a 'god of gap' as Jesse Bering said earlier. Kant recognized the need for religious faith only on a strict basis of moral necessity. The subjects of religious faith should always strive to do the moral good, but such efforts themselves were not enough to reach perfection and so postulated immortality of the soul. But if an ultra intelligent machines that has emerged above a singularity is given a new status in an intellectual explosion, it can reach its morality by blocking evil tendencies and by the infinite evolution of super intelligence. So it will no longer need Kant's 'Postulate for continuous progress towards greater goodness', 'Postulate for divine grace' and 'Postulate for infinite expansion of the kingdom of God on earth.' Artificial intelligence robots would not necessarily consider religious performance in the Kant's meaning, and therefore religion will also have to be abolished. Ernst Bloch transforms Kant's postulate to be Persian dualism. Therefore, in Bloch, even though the ultra intelligent machines is a divine being, one must critically ask whether it is a wicked or a good God. Artificial intelligence experts warn that ultra intellectual machine as Pandora's gift will bring disaster to mankind. In the Kant's Matrix, a ultra intelligent machines, which is the completion of morality and God itself, may fall into a bad god in Bloch's Matrix. Therefore, despite the myth of singularity, we still believe that ultra intelligent machines, whether as God leads us to the completion of one of our only religious beliefs, or as bad god to the collapse of mankind through complete denial of existence.

• Journal for History of Mathematics
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.29-43
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• 2012

In this paper, we survey the history of search for axiomatic set theory and show that ${\exists}U(0{\in}U{\wedge}{\forall}x(x{\in}U{\leftrightarrow}{\exists}z(z{\in}U{\wedge}{\forall}y(y{\in}x{\rightarrow}y{\subseteq}z))){\rightarrow}$ ZR.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.434-436
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• 1998

The mechanism of nucleophilic displacement was studied by using three variable systems of ${\rho}_X,\; {\rho}_Y,\; and {\rho}_Z$ obtained from the change of substituent X, Y, and Z for the reaction of (Z)-substituted benzyl (X)-benzensulfonates with (Y)-substituted thiobenzamides in acetone at 45 ℃. The results ${\rho}_Z$<0 and ${\rho}_YZ$>${\rho}_XZ$ indicate that this reaction series proceeded via a dissociative $S_N2$ mechanism. The prediction of the movement of TS by using the sign of ${\rho}_XZ{\cdot}{\rho}_{YZ}$ accorded with the Hammond postulate.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.111-127
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• 2004

In this note we examined some terms, parallel lines and angles in elementary school mathematics and middle school mathematics respectively. Since some terms are represented early in elementary school mathematics and not repeated after, some students are not easy to apply the terms to their lesson. Also, since the relation between parallel lines and angles are treated intuitively in 7-th grade, applying the relation for a proof in 8-th grade would be meaningless. For the variety of mathematics education, it is desirable that the relation between parallel lines and angles are treated as postulate. Also, for out standing students, it is desirable that we use deductive reasoning to prove the relation between parallel lines and angles as a theorem. In particular, the treatments of vertical angles and the relation between parallel lines and angles in 7-th grade text books must be reconsidered. Proof is very important in mathematics, and the deductive reasoning is necessary for proof. It would be efficient if some properties such as congruence of vertical angles and the relation between parallel lines and angles are dealt in 8-th grade for proof.