• 한국조경학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.1-17
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the creation techniques of artificial wetland, one of biotopes developed to promote biodiversity in urban areas, and to look for improvement steps. Specifically, artificial wetland creation techniques were categorized into living environment and living creature classification. Being living conditions for creations, habitat environment was reviewed with a focus on water and soil environments. Living creatures were classified into plants, insects, fish, and birds. The evaluation of creation techniques was done in post-construction evaluation while considering the creation of habitats for living creatures. Intervention by users, changes in living environment and living species, and relevance of creation techniques were reviewed. Key results of this study are as follows. (1) Water environment for the living environment of creatures provides a suitable environment conditions for the living of creatures through a process easing the use of piped water. Various water depths and embankment appear to have a positive impact on the living of aquatic life. In particular, embankment covered in soil naturally played an important role as a place for the activities of aquatic insects and young fish as well as the growth of aquatic plants. (2) Various aquatic and ground plants to promote insect-diversity, shallow water, and old-tree logs had contributed greatly in increasing the types and number of insects. Aquatic insects. Aquatic insects were seen much particularly in areas where aquatic plants are rich but water is shallow than any other areas. (3) A space piled with stone to provide habitats for fish was not much used. However, it was observed that fish used embankment built with natural stones and embankment using logs in areas where water is deep. In addition, it was confirmed that 1,500 fish that had been released propagated using various depths and places for birth. (4) It was analyzed that techniques (creation of island, log setting, and creation of man-made bird nests) to provide habitats and to attract birds are not serving their roles. In such a case, it is believed that species had not increased due to the smallness as well as isolated features of the area. Based on theoretical review, they are judged to be areas that are likely to be used when a greater variety of birds is introduced. It is judged that attracting and keeping more birds at the site, such spaces need to be linked systematically in the future in terms of building eco-network while ensuring an adequate living areas. (5) In the study areas, users intervened greatly. As a result, a blockage was created preventing the normal growth of plants and non-indigenous plants were introduced. In order to limit the intervention by users, setting enough buffer zones, and environment education programs were urgently required. D/H=1>Hyangkyo> houses on the river>temples>lecture halls. D/H ratio of the backside areas is as follows. D/H=1>Hyangkyo>houses on the river>lecture halls. 4. Inner garden were planted deciduous than evergreen trees with Lagerstroemia indica. Enclosed dominant trees were planted by Pinus densiflora, Querces seuata. construct GEM strain, and examined for the expression and functional stability in microcosms.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.28-42
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• 2009

조경공사 중 설계변경을 통하여 이루어지는 기술적 검토사안들을 토대로 설계변경의 유형분류체계를 제시하고 유형별 발생빈도와 규모, 유형간 상관성, 현장별 차이분석을 통하여 아파트단지 조경공사 설계변경의 특성을 밝히고자 하였다. 대한주택공사 충청권지역에서 2004년부터 2006년 상반기까지의 설계변경 건을 대상으로 설계변경 시 목적 및 사유로서 언급한 사안을 중심으로 유형을 구분한 결과, 단지이미지, 경관요소, 이용자 고려, 하자방지, 시공성, 현장여건, 공종간 불일치, 상위기준, 민원방지, 설계내역, 기타의 11개 유형과 47개 세부요인으로 구분하였다. 설계변경심사승인 횟수와 시기, 유형별 발생빈도와 변경규모 증감액, 상관관계를 조사 분석한 결과, 첫째, 단지이미지형 설계변경이 발생빈도 22%, 증감액 54.9%를 차지하는 주된 설계변경이었고, 둘째, 유형간 상관성 분석에서 단지이미지형 설계변경의 증가액이 커질수록 사유가 불명확한 기타 설계변경의 감소액이 커지는 반비례관계가 성립되는 등 공사비 증가를 상쇄하는 절감노력이 이루어지고 있었으며, 셋째, 설계변경심사승인 건수와 최초심사승인일은 각각 2건 이내와 준공 전 90일 이내가 $52{\sim}53%$를 차지하여 설계변경 절차가 적기에 이루어지도록 하기 위한 제도인 설계변경심사승인 자체가 사후 일괄적으로 처리되고 있었는데, 이는 공사비가 감소한 유형수와 비교결과 공사비 절감노력 즉, 예산문제에서 기인하고 있었다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제107권1호
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• pp.50-58
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• 2018

본 연구는 눈개승마 피복이 토양유실 저감에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자, 눈개승마 피복지의 연토양유실량을 측정하였다. 또한 측정한 토양유실량을 바탕으로 RUSLE의 식생피복인자를 산정하였다. 산정한 식생피복인자와 토양유실 저감용으로 식재하는 츄잉훼스큐의 식생피복인자를 비교하여 눈개승마 피복이 토양유실 저감에 효과적인지 파악하였다. 피복종류에 따른 토양유실량은 눈개승마 피복시 2.22 Mg/ha, 츄잉훼스큐 피복시 1.85 Mg/ha, 일반 노지는 10.60 Mg/ha가 발생하였다. 피복 종류에 따른 식생피복인자는 눈개승마에서 $0.09{\pm}0.03$, 츄잉훼스큐에서 $0.08{\pm}0.03$, 일반 노지에서는 $0.35{\pm}0.10$로 나타났다. 나지에서는 $0.83{\pm}0.14$로 나타났다. 산정한 피복별 식생피복인자를 분산 분석한 결과는 피복종류에 따라 평균 값의 차이가 있었다. 사후분석을 통한 동일집단군을 분류한 결과 눈개승마와 츄잉훼스큐는 평균의 차이가 적은 유사집단으로 나타났다. 따라서, 눈개승마는 츄잉훼스큐에 비견될 정도로 토양유실 저감 효과가 있었다.

• 한국석유지질학회지
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• 제7권1_2
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• pp.28-34
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• 1999

백악기 풍암 퇴적분지는 강원도 흥천군 서석면과 횡성군 청일면 일대에 분포하는데 퇴적층은 역암, 사암, 이암과 화산 쇄설암으로 구성되어 있으며 분지는 주향이동 단층대를 따라 발달한 단층 연변 침하지 (fault margin sag) 또는 횡압축 분지 (transpressional basin)로서 생성된 것으로 추정된다. 분지 형성 초기에는 단층 경계로 접촉하고 있는 주변의 기반암과 근원암으로부터 초기엔 많은 양의 쇄설성 퇴적물을 선상지 환경 하에서 공급받았으나, 후기에 이르러는 주변 지역에서의 화산 분출에 의한 화산 쇄설물의 추가 공급으로 호성과 선상지 환경 하에 두꺼운 퇴적층이 축적되었다. 풍암분지 퇴적층을 구성하는 사암은 기질의 함량이 높고 장석이 풍부한 장석질 잡사암 내지 암편질 잡사암에 해당된다. 퇴적층의 하부에서 상부로의 광물조성의 뚜렷한 변화는 관찰되지 않으며, 지역에 따라서도 광물조성의 별다른 차이를 보이지 않는다. 풍암분지 퇴적암 내에 포함되어 있는 화산암편과 화산쇄설물 및 관입화산암에 대한 절대 연령 측정 결과 퇴적층 내 함유된 화산암과 퇴적 후 관입한 화산암은 대략 $70{\~}84$ Ma의 비슷한 연대를 보이고 있는데 이는 퇴적층의 형성 이전과 퇴적작용 진행 중에, 그리고 퇴적층 생성 이후에 여러 번에 걸쳐 화산암의 생성과 화산쇄설물의 분출이 이루어졌음을 지시해주는 것이다. 즉 퇴적분지의 샌성과 퇴적물의 유입과 분지 충진, 그리고 퇴적 직후의 화산암 관입과 분출이 백악기 후기의 비교적 짧은 기간 내에 연속적으로 발생했고 이러한 급격한 지구조 운동과 화산활동의 영향으로 풍암 퇴적분지 퇴적층은 전반적으로 지구조 우세의 전형적인 퇴적상인 조직적으로 미성숙한 조립질 쇄설성 퇴적상을 보이는 것으로 추정된다.

• 해양환경안전학회지
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.406-415
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• 2012

본 연구는 현재 지방자치단체에서 개발 예정중인 마리나와 관련하여 우리나라에 필요한 마리나의 적정수요와 마리나 개발시 입지의 중요도를 심층적으로 분석한 후 정부 및 각 지방자치단체에게 연구의 결과를 제공하고자 하는데 목적을 두며 연구의 결론은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 국내의 마리나 개발 시 적정 수요는 대략적으로 49개 정도로 나타났다. 자세하게 언급하면 지역을 광역권으로 구분한 후, 마리나를 구간별로 네트워크화시켜 연안역 마리나의 개념으로 개발을 하여야 하며, 반드시 대형, 중형, 소형 마리나의 구분을 하여야 한다. 권역별로 10개는 대형(리조트형)마리나를 수도권(2), 충청권(1), 전라권(2), 경상도(3), 강원권(1), 제주권(1) 등에 개발하고, 17개는 중형(레포츠형)마리나를 수도권(3), 충청권(2), 전라권(2), 경상권(6), 강원권(2), 제주권(2) 등에 개발을 하여야 한다. 그리고 22개의 소형(지역 거점형)마리나는 수도권(2), 충청권(1), 전라권(6), 경상권(9), 강원권(2), 제주권(2) 등에 개발해야 한다. 둘째, 국내에 적합한 마리나 개발 입지의 중요도는 마리나 관련 전문가 그룹이 제시한 5개(접근성, 시장성, 이용성, 타당성, 자연환경)요인을 대상으로 종합적인 중요도를 분석한 결과 1순위는 이용성으로 나타났고, 2순위는 접근성, 3순위는 자연환경, 4순위는 시장성, 5순위는 타당성 요인으로 나타났다.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2018

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to find out the treatment patterns of Children with cerebral palsy, and to analyze the effect of physical function level and treatment intensity on improvement of physical function in children with cerebral palsy for six months. METHODS: Participants were 126 children (boys 83, girls 43) diagnosed cerebral palsy that the mean age was at 33months, ranged from 8 months to 77 months. We collected data related on demography and disable characteristic, treatment pattern using by questionnaire constructed ourselves for six months on caregivers. The treatment pattern includes, type, frequency, and institute of treatment. We performed the evaluation of Gross Motor Function Measurement (GMFM) and Pediatric Evaluation of Disability Inventory (PEDI) between pre and post for six months in order to find out improvement of physical function. We analyzed the effect of physical functional level measured by Gross Motor Functional Classification system, age, treatment intensity on physical function using by repeated measures ANOVA for SPSS PC ver. 22.0. RESULTS: The average of treatment frequency for physical therapy was 5.74 times per week, occupational therapy was 3.96 times, speech therapy was 2.96 times, treatment for accompanying disability was 3.12 times. Physical function level and age was significantly factors affecting improvement of physical function, there was no significant difference according to treatment intensity. CONCLUSION: We suggest that physical function and age might be important factors on improvement of physical function and professional rehabilitation team must consider the appropriate treatment type customized to each children.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제17호
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• pp.143-155
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• 2008

이 연구는 경비업무에 대한 경비요원의 인식을 빌딩내 근무하는 사원을 중심으로 실증 분석해보고 경비요원에게 업무성과의 향상을 위한 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 첫째, 경비요원의 활동에 대해 논의하였다. 둘째, 경비요원의 필요성에 대한 직장인들의 인식, 경비요원의 불필요성, 업무인식 향상을 위한 경비요원의 요건 대한 인식으로 연구틀을 설정하였다. 현재 생활의 경비업무 인식의 변화는 멈추지 않는 경제 발전과 다양해지는 직종에 비해 다소 뒤떨어지는 면이 있다. 지금에도 경비업무의 표현을 아직도 예전 시설물이나 아파트 등의 관리인이라는 인식을 가지고 있다. 다시 말해 아파트 수위라는 직종에서 경비로의 명칭 전환만이 이루어지는 정도로만 인식 한다고 할 수 있다. 지금의 직업군에서 경비업무는 시설관리, 다양한 통제 등 경호. 경비의 일환으로서 전문영역으로 자리 잡고 있으며 영역 확장이 되고 있다. 단순 붙박이 형식을 취하는 근무 형태가 아닌 사회에서 발생하는 여러 범죄행위의 분석과 예방을 목적으로 하고 다양하게 발생될 사고에 미연 방지하는 역할을 가지고 대안을 이끌어 내는 전문직이다. 경비업무에 대한 필요성을 극대화하기 위한 목적으로서 경비업무의 영역은 전문적인 경비요원의 배치, 경비요원의 업무 만족도의 배려, 급속도로 변하는 안전사고에 대한 예방 교육, 현장의 충실도를 갖추어야한다. 끊임없는 노력과 경비요원 스스로의 전문성 인식 고취로서 한층 세련된 경비업무 영역을 갖기를 기대한다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제29권6호
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• pp.458-466
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to review the research on treating depression in Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) over the last 5 years to set the foundation for further studies. We searched for and analyzed articles about depression in CNKI(China National Knowledge Infrastructure) from January 2010 to December 2014. The results were as follows : The most frequently used diagnostic criteria was CCMD-3(The Chinese Classification of Mental Disorders-3), and the most used evaluation criteria was HAMD(Hamilton Depression Rating Scale). Prescription of decoction of medical herbs was most frequently used as a therapeutic method. Acupuncture, traditional Chinese psychotherapy, and music therapy were also used for some studies. The most frequent TCM Syndrome Differentiation Type was stagnation of liver-QI. For decoction of Chinese herbs, Soyo-san(Xiaoyao-san) and Sihosogan-san(Chaihushugan-san) were most often prescribed, and Bupleuri Radix, Paeoniae Radix Alba, Curcumae Radix, Poria cocos wolf, Angelicae Gigantis Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba were mainly used for medical herbs. BaekHoi(GV20) and Yindang(Ex-HN3) were often used as acupuncture sites. Post-Stroke Depression was the most common case of intercurrent or secondary depression. According to the Jadad Quality Assessment Scale, the quality of the reports was not high as most of the reports had a score of 3 or below. Most systematic reviews on depression were conducted by Chinese researchers. The problem with Clinical research on depression, according to those reviews, was that there were no standardized criteria for the diagnosis and treatment and the trials were usually not randomized nor controlled. We found out there are various clinical methods for treating depression in TCM, and hope that this research could provide the preliminary data for designing and conducting clinical trials for depression.

• 한국병원경영학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.24-48
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• 2003

It is important how the leader leads the organizational members with leadership appropriate to environment changes as the leader has great influence on the management of hospital organization. These data were collected from the questionnaire surveyed, from February 14 through February 28, 2003, to 218 people among those in the field of doctorship, management administration, nursing, technology, medical engineering, management engineering, and general affairs, working for three hospitals under S medical foundation in Pusan. The principal findings of this research are as below : 1. Type of leadership and job satisfaction had positive correlation in terms of both transformational and transactional leadership, with former having more relation than the latter. 2. Type of leadership and organizational commitment had positive correlation in terms of intellectual stimulus and situational rewards, having little relation statistically. 3. Type of leadership and turnover intentions had negative correlation only in individual consideration, situational rewards, and exceptional management, showing that transactional leadership had more relation than transformational leadership. 4. In terms of leadership and its effect on the organizational performance and turnover intentions, transformational leadership had more correlation than transactional leadership. But transactional leadership also turned out to have effect on organizational performance. When transformational leadership used, turnover intentions were lower than when transactional leadership used. However, both transformational and transactional leadership had negative correlation to turnover intentions. 5. Effect that type of leadership according to job classification, status, age, and academic career has on organizational performance and turnover intentions was differed by those factors; especially, in the occupation of doctor, both transformational and transactional leadership had positive correlation to turnover intentions. 6. Regression analysis on the factors of organizational performance and turnover intentions showed that higher age had positive correlation to the organizational performance in terms of socio-demographical features and that the more leadership was used for charismatic and situational rewards and the less leadership was used for intellectual stimuli, the higher organizational performance was likely. In short, hospital operators and managers should examine each manager's qualification, type, and style of leadership in the hospital organization, and they must develop lasting programs for effective education and training for developing characteristics of leadership are in needed to have managers with appropriate managerial mind to respective post and status. It should be kept in mind that manager's leadership especially has great effect on members' goal-setting, goal-achievement, organizational performance, and turnover intentions as it is a decisive factor of organizational members' attitude and motivation.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.74-84
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• 2017

Soil erosion is often extreme in Korea due to high rainfall intensities and steep slopes, and climate change has also increased the risk of erosion. Despite its significane, erosion-induced soil organic carbon (SOC) emission and water resource loss are not well understood, along with the lack of an integrated surface soil erosion protection policy. Therefore, to design adequate protection policies, land users, scientists, engineers and decision makers need proper information about surface soil and watershed properties related to greenhouse gas emission potential and water conservation capability, respectively. Assuming the total soil erosion of $346Tg\;yr^{-1}$, soil organic matter (SOM) content of 2% (58% of SOM is SOC), and mineralization rate of 20% of the displaced carbon, erosion-induced carbon emission could reach $800Gg\;C\;yr^{-1}$. Also the available water capacity of the soil was estimated to be 15.8 billion tons, which was 14 times higher than the yearly water supply demand in Seoul, Korea. Therefore, in order to prevent of soil erosion, this study proposes a three-stage plan for surface soil erosion prevention: 1) classification of soil erosion risk and scoring of surface soil quality, 2) selection of priority areas for conservation and best management practices (BMP), and 3) application of BMP and post management.