• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.45-63
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• 1993

University enrollment has long been regarded as one of the major factors inducing population concentration in Seoul and the Capital Region of Korea. Consequently, since early 1980's increases in enrollment and new establishments of extention universities beyond the boundary of Seoul, has been promoted, while university enrollment quota in Seoul has been strictly controlled. The degree of actual population dispersal, however, resulting from such a university enrollment policy has not been empirically tested. This paper aims at: First, identifying the trend of population growth and evolution process of the university enrollment policy in the Capital Region; Second, comparing the degree of influence of university enrollment on population concetration factors; Third, measuring actual effect of the enrollment control on population dispersal out of Seoul and the Capital Region. Major findings are as follows: First, only a week correlation between population and university enrollment growth trends was found; Second, the relative degree of influence on population concentration in the Capital Region, were order, in the order of magnitude, the physical amenity factor, the socio-cultural amenity factor, the employment climate factor and the educational factor. Third, and most improtant, based on the comparison of spatial distribution of graduated high schools and current residence of the selected university students, the gap between the two distributions was revealed and the inter-regional student population movement was estimated. The result shows that in Seoul's case about one-half of and in Kyunggi Province's case about one-fifth of university enrollment size, contributes to population concentration into Seoul. Fourth, as to the universities outside of the Capital Region, little effect in the case of universities located within the commuting distance, and a little effect on population dispersal in the case of universities located beyond commuting distance, were found. In sum, it seems clear that university enrollment policy in the Capital Region, especially in Inchon/Kyunggi Province has not been effective on student population dispersal out of Seoul and the Capital Region. Therefore, it is strongly recommended that university enrollment policy be throughly re-examined from its goal to the implementation means.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.3-14
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• 1994

The external diseconomy has been accelerated by the megaspatial structure of metropolis such as Seoul Capital Region(below SCR), Korea in which the more than 10 million populations inhabit. The main course for It could be elaborated by the overconcentration of the urban and regional function of various kinds. The study is performed to analyze quantitatively the status quo of the region as described above and proceed into forecasting the future population trend, the land use at location for the increment of regional population and to set the location of new towns in Seoul Capital Region System projected by the methods in computer algorithm of descriptive models such as the simple and multiple regress ion analysis models, the gravity model and the facility location on a plane model analysis. The goal and object ive of the metropolitan planning are to decentralize the regional growth management to the optimum degree, which will not hinder the economic growth of the region, but the result of the study is that we can not discourage the functional concentration of Seoul Capital Region and, we have to provide the region with the appropriate new towns.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.571-584
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• 2005

The population concentration in the Capital region of Korea has become an important issue for the pursuit of the balanced regional human capital development. Considering migration both as a geographic and a social movement, migration to the capital region could be examined in the push factors and the selective migrant characteristics from the out-migration region. Their relative importance reveals that age and education level are important in almost all years, but the importance of the percentage of manufacturing sector and rural/urban region moves to the years of education, the percentage of unskilled occupation and manufacturing sector and unemployment ratio recently. Since the brain drain has been occurring under the highly unbalanced regional development in Korea, the results suggest that regional human capital investment should be accompanied with enlarging quality employment opportunities to reap the benefits.

• Korea journal of population studies
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.159-178
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• 2008

The main purpose of this paper is to examine selectivity and rasons for move of internal migrants in Korea. There have only been a few studies available on the issues of selectivity and reasons for move of internal migration in Korea, mainly due to the lack of appropriate data. The main source of data for this analysis come from the raw data set of the 1997 Special Migration Survey conducted by the National Statistical Office. Analysis of selectivity of those who moved across the provincial boundary revealed that females, young adults, singles in their marital status and more educated are more likely to move. Among various reasons for move, employment related reason is the most important for all migration streams. But with different migration streams, diverse patterns are emerged. For those who moved into the Capital Region, employment related reason is outstanding. But those who moved out from the Capital Region, moved for employment as well as family related reasons. For movement within the Capital Region, housing related reason is equally important together with employment and family reason. The analysis also found that among individual attributes, age and marital status affect most significantly to the reasons for move. Education level and housing ownership are also important for explaining for variations in reasons for move.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.561-579
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• 2008

The population concentration in Seoul has caused the chronic housing shortage. Accordingly the new towns in the Capital region were developed to alleviate overcrowding conditions in Seoul. The purpose of this study is to analyze changes of migration and commuting patterns according to new town development in the Capital region for the period of $1995{\sim}2005$. Further this study examines the changes of self-sufficiency level for new towns using jobs to housing ratio. During the last 10 years, the migration pattern in the Capital region has been pretty much followed the new town development. Such a migration pattern has influenced the commuting patterns, expanding the Seoul Metropolitan Area into northeastern par of the Capital region. The result reveals that self-sufficiency levels of new towns have become higher over the period of $1995{\sim}2005$, indicating that new towns are gradually strengthening their economic functions and have potential to become new business centers in the future. Therefore, the policy focusing on the increase of the job-housing balance ratio and self-sufficient level in new towns will be a desirable policy alternative to solve the transportation problems in the Capital region.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.703-722
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• 2022

The concentration of local businesses in the capital region promotes a decrease in the local population and polarization between the capital region and non-capital regions. It affects the competitiveness of local industries and creates a vicious cycle throughout the local economy, society and culture. Therefore, this study classified the companies in the capital region and non-capital regions by group and examined the effect of the innovation capability factors of companies on the creation of business performance. We analyzed the effects of R&D capabilities, which are elements of innovation capability, and open innovation and convergence capabilities on business performance. Smart PLS 3.0 was used for analysis including direct and indirect mediating and moderating effects, multi-group analysis, and structural equation model analysis. As a result, R&D capability did not have a significant effect on business performance, but it has a positive influence towards business performance through convergence capability and open innovation. However, the effectiveness of open innovation in non-capital regions and convergence capabilities in capital region were not statistically significant. In particular, in terms of open innovation, as the difference between groups is statistically clear, follow-up measures are suggested especially in non-capital regions.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.298-311
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• 2003

Building the new administration capital city, one of presidential candidate Moo-Hyun Rho's election pledges, is now listed as a priority national policy agenda of the Participation Government. However, so many people's negative attitudes ranging from cynical skepticism to firm objections against the national policy agenda may threaten its smooth policy actualization. At this juncture, this paper attempts to present persuasive arguments and discuss some critical issues to be considered for building the new administration capital city successfully. The paper begins with taking a look at the current state of hyper-concentration of Seoul agglomeration area and its harmful effects, paints a vision of 'an evenly developed country as a whole' via illustrating the vision from the Swiss case, and reviews the performance of the precedent governments' reform measures for rectifying the hyper-concentration of Seoul agglomeration area. And then, the paper argues for building the new administration capital city as a potent solution to the problem of excessive concentration of activities in Seoul agglomeration area, as well as a driving force to spur the government to realize the Participation Government' enthusiastic vision: 'a decentralized and evenly developed country as a whole' and 'the hub country in the Northeast Asia'. In addition, the paper discusses the location of the new administration capital city in connection with the forthcoming national unification. Lastly, the paper deals with the important issues such as the procedure of people's approval, the population size and legal status of the new administration capital city, the relationship between building the new administration capital city and decentralization reform, etc.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.639-650
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• 2023

Economic development has resulted in the concentration of population and industry in the metropolitan area. Additionally, the Republic of Korea is experiencing this phenomenon, with more than half of the population living in the Seoul capital area. To alleviate this concentration of population, the Korean government implemented the new town development policy. Unfortunately, this has led to an increase in the commuting population, causing an imbalance in transportation services due to financial and policy differences in each region. This paper analyzes the level of user satisfaction with mega commuting in three aspects: mobility, accessibility, and connectivity. To objectively assess the level of user satisfaction, which is qualitative data, the Rasch Model is used to analyze the collinearity of user data. The results indicate that the level of user satisfaction differs by region, and service satisfaction with mobility is lower than that with accessibility and connectivity. Therefore, prior to the introduction of new town policies, it is necessary to develop metropolitan transportation infrastructure.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.29-43
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• 2019

Colombia experiences a population growth in their metropolitan areas through an accelerated urbanization process, a housing deficit and a shortage of urban developable land. To solve these problems, the central government developed a national policy for a large-scale housing city development including supra-municipalities planning instruments such as Macroprojects. However, the amount of housing land supplied by this policy is insufficient and additional policies for shortage housing and qualitative deficit are required, particularly in regions with a high concentration of population. The purpose of the study is to compare urban development systems of Colombia and Korea and explore the possibility of applying guidelines to Colombia through i) comparing the capital region cities of the two countries with an asymmetry context method, ii) comparing both urban planning system founding similarities and differences, and iii) suggesting new urban development challenges in the Bogotá metropolitan area based on Korea's new town experience.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.13-29
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to analyze the spatial distribution and location factors of startups by generation (young and middle-aged) in Seoul. To this end, a research model was established that included factors of industry, population, and startup institutions by generation in 424 administrative districts using the Seoul Business Enterprise Survey(2018), which includes data on the age group of entrepreneurs. As an analysis method, descriptive statistics were conducted to confirm the frequency, average and standard deviation of startups by generation and major variables in the administrative districts of Seoul, and spatial distribution and characteristics of startups by generation were analyzed through global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis. In particular, the spatial distribution of startups in Seoul was confirmed in-depth by categorizing and analyzing startups by major industries. Afterwards, an appropriate spatial regression analysis model was selected through the Lagrange test, and based on this, the location factors affecting startups by generation were analyzed. The main results derived from the research results are as follows. First, there was a significant difference in the spatial distribution of young and middle-aged startups. The young people started to startups in the belt-shaped area that connects Seocho·Gangnam-Yongsan-Mapo-Gangseo, while middle-aged people were relatively active in the southeastern region represented by Seocho, Gangnam, Songpa, and Gangdong. Second, startups by generation in Seoul showed various spatial distributions according to the type of business. In the knowledge high-tech industries(ICT, professional services) in common, Seocho, Gangnam, Mapo, Guro, and Geumcheon were the centers, and the manufacturing industry was focused on existing clusters. On the other hand, in the case of the life service industry, young people were active in startups near universities and cultural centers, while middle-aged people were concentrated on new towns. Third, there was a difference in factors that influenced the startup location of each generation in Seoul. For young people, high-tech industries, universities, cultural capital, and densely populated areas were significant factors for startup, and for middle-aged people, professional service areas, low average age, and the level of concentration of start-up support institutions had a significant influence on startup. Also, these location factors had different influences for each industry. The implications suggested through the study are as follows. First, it is necessary to support systematic startups considering the characteristics of each region, industry, and generation in Seoul. As there are significant differences in startup regions and industries by generation, it is necessary to strengthen a customized startup support system that takes into account these regional and industrial characteristics. Second, in terms of research methods, a follow-up study is needed that comprehensively considers culture and finance at the large districts(Gu) level through data accumulation.