• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.239-244
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• 1997

Hybrid poplar (Populus trichocarpa $\times$ P. deltoides) clones were fumigated with ozone. Fumigation was applied for 6 to 8 hours each day for approximately 3 months at ozone concentrations of 0.090 to 0.115 ppm using by open-top chambers. Growth and biomass of hybrid poplar seedlings were reduced by ozone exposure. Mean percentage of falling leaves in ozone-treated plant was 6 times higher than that of charcoal-filtered plant. Among physiological responses, rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration and initial Rubisco activity were significantly lower in seedlings grown in ozone environment compared seedlings grown in charcoal-filtered air. All these physiological results supported that biochemical process to be a key feature to understand reduction in photosynthesis.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.43 no.5
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• pp.578-590
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• 2015

The present study examines the influence of slurry composting and biofiltration liquid fertilizer (SCBLF) treatment on the biomass characteristics of yellow poplar, and the optimization of organosolv pretreatment for sugar production. After SCBLF treatment, total exchangeable cation contents of yellow poplar was increased from $3.1g\;kg^{-1}$ to $4.4g\;kg^{-1}$, and as a result, biomass production of yellow poplar was also enhanced by 82.3%. Organosolv pretreatment was conducted with three independent variables: 1) reaction temperature: $133.2^{\circ}C$ to $166.8^{\circ}C$; 2) acid concentration: 0.2% to 1.8%; and 3) reaction time: 1.6 min to 18.4 min. Reaction temperature was the most significant variable in water insoluble solid (WIS) recovery rate. High overall sugar yield was attained from pretreatment conditions approximately 50% of WIS recovery rate, and the highest overall glucose yield (44.0%) was achieved from pretreatment at $140^{\circ}C$ with 1.5% acid concentration for 5 min. Consequently, 21.1% of glucose and 5.8% of xylose were produced from the organosolv pretreatment of SCBLF-treated 8-year-old yellow poplar.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.9-13
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• 1983

Ectomycorrhizal fungi in Pinus $rigida{\times}taeda$ and poplar stands (Populus $alba{\times}glandulosa$ and others) were collected in 1981 and 1982. A total of 39 mushrooms representing 15 genera were identified from the pine stand, and the major genera were Amanita, Lactarius, Russula, Laccaria, and Boletus. From the poplar stands 16 mushrooms representing 8 genera were identified and 13 of them were the same found in the pine stand. Amanita, Russula, Laccaria, and Leccinum are the major genera in the poplar stands. A single species of Boletus was found in large number in pine and poplar stands. Lactarius was not observed in the poplar stands, while Leccinum was not found in the pine stand. Cantharellus lutescens which has not been reported in Korea was collected in the pine stand.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.725-732
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• 2014

Phytoremediation is a technology to mitigate the pollutant concentrations such as metals, pesticides, solvents, oils, or others in contaminated water and soils with plants. The plants absorb contaminants through the root and store them in the root, stems, or leaves. Rapid growth trees such as poplar are used to remove low concentrated contaminants eco-friendly and economically in a wide contaminated region. This study was practiced to evaluate an activated carbon production system by using poplar wood discarded after phytoremediation. Life cycle assessment methodology was used to analyze environmental impacts of the system, and the functional unit was one ton of harvested poplar. It was estimated that the small size rotary kiln for activated carbon production from poplar wood had an environmental benefit in optimized conditions to minimize energy consumptions. The results of an avoided environmental impact analysis show that the system contribute to reduce environmental impacts in comparison with activated carbon production from coconut shell.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.51-58
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• 2006

In this study, uptake and toxicity of disel (TPH) by poplar specie, $P.\;nigra{\times}P.\;maximowiczii$ were assessed in laboratory soil column experiments. Poplar cuttings were grown for 2 months and exposed to various concentration (0, 200, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg) of disel for a period of 60 days. For disel removal experiments, disel was effectively removed in the range of lower concentration. but, the removal rate of disel was rapidly decreased as increasing initial disel concentrations. For the this reason, toxicity effetcs were evaluated by measuring in poplar cutting mass variation and monitoring transpiration. Exposure on higher disel concentration resulted in decrease of biomass and transpiration accompanied by chlorosis and abscission, indicating toxic effect of disel on the poplar tree. And also, we have observed that both removal efficiency of disel and the microbial activity were higher at the bottom of the soil column. It was suggested that the plant formed the root zone at contaminated soil, stimulated microbial activity by plant root exudates, and played an important role in enhanced biodegradation of disel.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.356-363
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• 2015

In order to study genetic engineering in trees, the characterization of genes and promoters from trees is necessary. We isolated the promoter region (867 bp) of Pagns-LTP from poplar (P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) and characterized its activity in transgenic poplar plants using a ${\beta}$-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene. High-level expression of the Pagns-LTP transcript was found in poplar roots, while comparatively low-level expression was found in the young leaves. Pagns-LTP mRNA was not detected in other poplar tissues. Additionally, transgenic poplar plants that contained a Pagns-LTP promoter fused to a GUS reporter gene, displayed tissue-specific GUS enzyme activity localized in root tissue. In silico analysis of the Pagns-LTP promoter sequence reveals the presence of several cis-regulatory elements responsive to phytohormones, biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as those regulating tissue-specific expression. These results demonstrate that the Pagns-LTP promoter has tissue-specific expression activity in poplar roots and leaves that may be involved in organ development and plant resistance to various stresses. Therefore, we anticipate that the Pagns-LTP promoter would be a useful tool to genetically optimize woody plants for functional genomics.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.39 no.4
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• pp.333-343
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• 2011

The yellow poplar is an appropriate species for the age of low carbon green growth, because its absorption rates of ozone is greatly excellent, and also the absorption rates of carbon dioxide causing climate changes is very remarkable. The yellow poplar, which is a kind of rapid growth tree, shows a lack of performance as a structural member, however, it is suitable to use a variety of purposes like furniture materials, interior materials, plywood materials, and so on. In this study, the structural size skin-timbers were made by using the yellow poplar, and the compressive capacity was evaluated, also the numerical model was developed for the various uses. The rectangular shape skin-timber presented a good performance by showing 56.3% residual strength about the solid material. In case of the cylinder shape skin-timber showed a possibility to use diversely as a furniture material, as well as a structural uses, because almost 50% compressive capacity of material even though its residual area rates was 25%. Both rectangular shape and the cylinder shape represented that 'Brooming or end rolling' were the major failure mode, and partly splitting failure mode. The compressive capacity of the rectangular shape which residual area rates was large was higher than the cylinder shape, but it did not show statistical significance about the compressive capacity between them. Thus, it will be possible to use them mixed for a convenience of users. The result of the numerical analysis model was quite similar to actual test of the compressive capacity. Therefore, the yellow poplar can be utilized in the development of various uses by applying numerical analysis model about a variety of shapes and dimensions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.44 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2017

Gibberellic Acid-Stimulated Arabidopsis (GASA) genes are involved in plant hormone signaling, cell division and elongation, as well as in responses to stress conditions in plants. In this study, we isolated a GASA gene from hybrid poplar (Populus alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa) and analyzed its physiological phenotype and molecular functions in poplar. PagGASA cDNA encodes a putative protein composed of 95 amino acids containing an N-terminal signal peptide and a conservative cysteine-rich C-terminal domain. Southern blot analysis revealed that one or two copies of the PagGASA are present in the poplar genome. The PagGASA transcripts were highly detected in flowers and roots. Moreover, the expression of PagGASA was induced by growth hormone (gibberellic acid) and stress hormones (abscisic acid, jasmonic acid, and salicylic acid). By using transgenic analysis, we showed that the upregulation of PagGASA in poplar provides high tolerance to drought stress. Therefore, our results suggest that PagGASA plays an important role in drought stress tolerance via stress-related plant hormone signaling in poplar.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.105 no.1
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• pp.103-107
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• 2016

This study aims to select the most appropriate poplar clones for planting on short rotation coppice poplar plantations in a riparian area. The research investigated biomass production, nitrogen and carbon absorption with 2-year-old poplar (Populus spp.) clones including P. euramericana clone Eco28, P. deltoides hybrid clone 97-18, and P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa hybrid clone 72-30. The average number of stems per stump was five and P. euramericana clone Eco28 had the greatest average number of live stems per stump with 5.9. The average stem diameter was 23.2 mm, and P. deltoides hybrid clone 97-18 achieved the largest average diameter with 25.4 mm. The average annual above-ground biomass production of Populus deltoides hybrid clone 97-18 was 16.1 ton/ha/year, followed by P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa hybrid clone 72-30 and P. euramericana clone Eco28, 12.3 and 5.4 ton/ha/year, respectively. The average annual nitrogen uptake of poplar clones was 46.5 kg/ha/year. P. alba ${\times}$ P. glandulosa hybrid clone 72-30 had the highest average, 63.1 kg/ha/year. The average of annual carbon absorption was estimated 5.3 ton/ha/year and Populus deltoides hybrid clone 97-18 showed the best results with 7.7 ton/ha/year. Based on the results given above, P. deltoides hybrid aspen clone 97-18 is considered as the most suitable poplar clones for wood biomass production on riparian areas.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.38-47
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• 1976

This study was carried out to exploit and utilize American sycamore (Platanus occidentalis) and poplar grown in Korea as veneer species for plywood manufacture. At this study to save the imported lauan logs and dollars, the effects affecting to the properties of plywood constructed by sycamore, poplar and lauan veneers were studied. Important items dealt with this study were dry and wet shear strength, moisture content, and specific gravities By the results and discussion it may be summarized as followings. 1) Sycamore core lauan plywood (A-II type) was shown best dry shear strength, and the next were all lauan veneer plywood (A-I type), poplar core lauan plywood (B-I type), lauan core sycamore plywood (A-III type) in order. There are no differences between dry shear strength of A-II type and A-I type, A-II type and B-I type plywood. 2) Wet shear strength showed the same order with dry shear strength. A-II type plywood showed best wet shear strength and it showed more difference than other plwoods. A-I type, B-I type and A-III type plywood were all very good without significant difference in wet shear strength. 3) B-I type plywood showed highest moisture content of all type plywood and the next were all sycamore(A-IV type) all poplar plywood (B-III type), A-III type, B-II type, A-II type pllywood in order. Generally high moisture content showed when two or three veneers were same species in the three layer plywood. 4) A-III type plywood showed highest specific gravity of all and the next was A-IV type plywood without a difference to A-I type plywood on the whole. plywoods constructed by lauan and sycamore were shown high specific gravities and the next was lauan, sycamore and poplar, lauan and poplar. It seemed to be that connected wi th the specific gravity of veneer itself in different species. 5) The plywood manufactured by extension of potato flour is not only superior but also profitable in the price aspect than the plywood manufactured by extension of wheat flour.