• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.147-152
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• 1999

후지와 아오리 애사과의 기능성 물질인 폴리페놀 화합물을 HPLC로 분리 확인하고, 열처리 조건에 따른 폴리페놀의 함량 변화를 측정하였다. 후지와 아오리 애사과의 주성분은 탄수화물로서 각각 14.1, 13.5%이며 pH와 $brix^{\circ}$는 3.2와 8.0으로 낮게 나타났다. (+)-Catechin, chlorogenic acid, (-)-epicatechin, tannic acid가 폴리페놀의 주요 구성성분으로 확인되었다. Folin-Denis 방법에 의해 후지와 아오리의 총 폴리페놀의 함량이 각각 0.11%와 0.12%으로 나타났다. HPLC에 의한 4가지 주요 폴리페놀 화합물을 정량한 결과, 후지는 0.06%, 아오리는 0.07% 함유된 것으로 나타났으며, 그 중 chlorogenic acid의 함량은 후지가 아오리 보다 약 3배 이상 함유된 것으로 나타났다. 열침에 의해 폴리페놀의 면적백분율이 후지는 3.54% 정도 증가하였지만, 아오리는 2.93% 정도 감소하였다. 살균에 의해서는 후지와 아오리에서 각각 1.39, 3.31% 정도 폴리페놀의 면적백분율이 감소하였다. 그러나 저장 중의 폴리페놀 함량 변화를 조사한 결과는 열침과 살균을 거친 애사과에서만 폴리페놀 함량이 유지됨을 알 수 있었다. 농축도에 따른 폴리페놀 함량의 변화는 $brix^{\circ}$가 증가함에 따라 농축에 의한 손실없이 비례적으로 증가하였다.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.177-187
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• 2014

We compared effects of fruit, leaf, and stem extracts from black raspberry on improvement of cholesterol and blood pressure in HepG2 and HUVEC cells, respectively. Cholesterol secretion was inhibited by water extracts of unripe fruit and stem, but not leaf of black raspberry in HepG2 cells. Also, water extracts of unripe fruit, leaf, and stem reduced HMG-CoA reductase activity. Furthermore, nitric oxide production and expression of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) protein were regulated by extracts of fruit, leaf, and stem of black raspberry in HUVEC cells. Overall, the rank order according to the improving level of cholesterol and hypertension is as follows: stem > fruit > leaf. In addition, various polyphenol compounds displayed inhibitory effects of HMG-CoA reductase activity and ACE expression. Thus, these data suggested that leaf and stem as wells as fruit of black raspberry can be used as useful food resources for reduction of cholesterol and blood pressure.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.579-583
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• 2009

The effects of cell lytic enzyme treatment on total phenolic content, antioxidant and antityrosinase activities of lotus leaf were investigated. The dried lotus leaves were hydroyzed by cell lytic enzymes such as Promozyme, Ceremix, Pectinex, Ultraflo, Celluclast, Pentopan, Tunicase, Viscozyme at their optimum pHs (pH 5-8) at $50^{\circ}C$ for 4 hrs. Depending on the enzymes used, total phenolic compounds content was measured as $1,079-1,476{\mu}g$/mL, and antioxidant activities and whitening activities were increased by 5~10% and 20%, respectively Among the tested hydrolytic enzymes, Promozyme (pullulanase) was selected as the most suitable enzyme for the extraction of total polyphenol from lotus leaf. The optimal dosage of Promozyme were found to be 1-2% (w/w). By Promozyme treatment, total phenolic compounds content of the lotus extract significantly increased compared to the extraction without enzyme treatment.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제54권3호
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• pp.315-319
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• 2016

아마란스 종실 생산의 부산물인 아마란스 잎으로부터 폴리페놀 추출 증대를 위해 열수추출의 주요 공정조건인 추출시간, 추출온도와 에탄올 농도 중심합성법을 이용해 최적화하였다. 폴리페놀의 추출은 추출온도와 시간이 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며 추출에 에탄올 농도와 추출시간이 유의한 효과를 보였다(p<0.05). 열수추출의 에탄올 농도는 61.6 (v/v%)에서 최대 폴리페놀 추출성능을 보이며 농도 증가에 따라 감소하는 경향을 보였다. 중심합성법에 의해 제시 된 2차 회귀방정식의 예측값과 실험값을 비교했을 때 매우 높은 합치도($R^2=0.9566$)를 보였으며 추출온도 $90.1^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 50 min과 에탄올 61.6 (v/v%) 공정조건에서 최대 농도인 12.6 mg GAE/g DM 폴리페놀을 얻을 수 있었다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.823-829
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• 2017

To increase the shelf-life of strawberry, samples were treated with two gel packs containing slow-released chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) gas at 3~5 ppm for 6 days at room temperature and the changes in the major chemical components (ascorbic acid, polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanin) contents and antioxidative activities (DPPH, ABTS radical scavenging and metal chelating activity) were investigated. The content of ascorbic acid of control was 40.38 mg% and contained 35.67~44.75 mg% during 6 days. There was no tendency to increase or decrease during storage period. The contents of ascorbic acid of control and 3~5 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treated samples were not significantly different during storage period. The content of polyphenol compounds of initial stage was 111.23 mg% and contained 117.78~132.40 mg% during 6 days. The contents of polyphenol compounds of 3~5 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treated samples were 103.51~130.25 mg%. There were no significant different between them during storage. The flavonoids and anthocyanin contents were not different from the control during storage period regardless of 3~5 ppm $ClO_2$ gas treatment. Furthermore, antioxidative activities were not different among the control and $ClO_2$ gas treatments during storage.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.154-159
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• 1995

Inhibition of xanthine oxidase by tea extracts obtained from non-fermented tea(steamed green tea and roasted green tea), semi-fermented tea(oolong tea) and fermented tea(black tea) were investigated. The crude catechin fraciton had a hgher inhibitory effect against xanthine oxidase, and the effect was increased with the addition of tea extracts. Their inhibitory effect were hardly influenced until extracted three times with hot water. According to the investigation of catechins in the crude catechin fraction obtained from tea extracts, (-)-epicatechin-(EC), (-)-epicatechin gallate(ECg). (-)-epigallocatechin(EGC) and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate(EGCg) were 80.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg 113.5$\mu\textrm{g}$ /mg, 186.3$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg and 367.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in steamed green tea, and 75.6$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 114.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 193.7 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mg and 381.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in roasted green tea, and 69.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 110.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 127.1$\mu\textrm{g}$.mg and 464.9$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in oolong tea, and 78.1$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 171.8$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg, 80.7$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg and 51.4$\mu\textrm{g}$/mg in black tea, respectively. Order of the content of these catechins was (-)-EGCg>(-)-EGC>(-)-ECg>(-)-EC in steamed green tea, roasted green tea and oolong tea, and was (-)-ECg>(-)-EGC>(-)-EC>(-)-EGCg in black tea. Also the concentration of catechins was hardly influeced until extracted three times. The inhibition ratio of xanthine oxidase by autherntic catechins was hardly influenced until extracted three times. The inhibition ratio of xanthine oxidase by authentic catechins was 94.9% and 87.6% by addition of 5.0$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml of (-)-EGCg and (-)-ECg, respectively. the inhibitors of xanthine oxidase were supposed to be due to (-)-ECg and (-)-EGCg in tea polyphenol compounds.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.213-222
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• 2022

Sprouts have various health benefits. Specifically, wheat sprouts are rich in bioactive compounds, such as vitamins and polyphenols. Elicitation induces and enhances secondary metabolite biosynthesis in plants. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effects of sodium chloride (NaCl) treatments on the growth profile, free amino acid content, and antioxidant activity of germinated wheat (Triticum aestivum). Wheat seeds were germinated at 20℃ for 10 days and treated with 0, 2, 4, 7.5, and 10 mM of NaCl 10 days before harvesting. Treating the soil bed with NaCl increased the nutritional component amounts, such as free amino acids and γ-aminobutyric acid. The chlorophyll a and b concentrations were the highest in the hydroponic system treated with 7.5 mM NaCl. In addition, the polyphenol and flavonoid contents of sprouts treated with 2 and 7.5 mM NaCl were 1.94 and 1.34 times higher than that of the control sprouts (0 mM NaCl, water only), respectively. These results suggest that 2 to 4 mM NaCl treatments improve the nutritional and food quality of wheat sprouts more than water only.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제59권3호
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• pp.282-292
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• 2014

배수가 매우불량 토양과 약간불량 토양에서 배수방법이 조와 기장의 항산화성분 및 활성에 미치는 영향을 분석하여 조와 기장의 재배방법과 성분 및 생리활성 연구에 기초자료로 활용하고자 본 연구를 수행한 결과 시험 토양의 수분함량은 중간부분(5~15 m)이 높은 함량을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 배수 매우불량 토양의 경우 암거배수 및 명거배수는 각각 $18.52{\pm}4.58$ 및 $19.01{\pm}4.25%$, 배수 약간불량 토양은 각각 $14.87{\pm}4.82$ 및 $18.64{\pm}3.85%$로 명거배수 처리 토양이 약간 높았다. 조와 기장의 수량은 각각 154.79~380.65 및 82.40~307.22 kg/10 a의 범위로 토양의 수분함량에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 배수방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 수확된 조의 수분, 조단백질, 조지방 및 조회분 함량은 각각 10.90~11.40, 3.40~9.64, 3.00~4.20 및 1.90~5.33 g/100 g, 기장은 각각 10.50~11.30, 1.93~8.51, 3.53~4.21 및 4.84~7.52 g/100 g, 인산, 칼륨 및 칼슘 함량은 조에서 각각 280.23~605.22, 387.53~561.29 및 134.26~242.42 mg/100 g, 기장은 각각 361.89~807.16, 284.62~369.94 및 113.18~215.52 mg/100 g의 범위로 나타나 토양조건, 배수방법 및 시료 채취 지점에 따라 큰 변이를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 배수방법에 따른 조와 기장의 총 polyphenol 함량은 각각 1.69~2.30 및 1.18~1.35 mg GAE/g의 범위로 나타났으며, 총 flavonoid 함량은 각각 0.31~0.76 및 0.27~0.41 mg CE/g, 총 tannin 함량은 각각 0.36~0.54 및 0.21~0.28 mg TAE/g의 범위로 배수방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 조와 기장의 DPPH radical 소거활성은 각각 39.53~59.81 및 27.91~40.25 mg TE/100 g, ABTS radical 소거활성은 각각 113.59~152.10 및 61.38~79.19 mg TE/100 g의 범위로 처리 간에 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 전체적으로 조와 기장의 총 polyphenol, flavonoid, tannin 함량과 radical 소거활성은 토양의 수분함량에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났으며, 배수방법에 따라 유의적인 차이를 보였다. 이상의 결과 배수가 불량한 토양에서 조와 기장을 재배할 경우 토양의 조건에 알맞은 배수방법을 선택해야 할 것이고 재배지역, 작목, 품종, 재배환경 등 보다 많은 변수에 대한 다각적인 분석이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.280-285
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• 2012

Six polyphenolic compounds, such as chlorogenic acid (CA), rutin (RT), isoquercitrin (IQT), quercetin-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (QMG), astragalin (AG), kaempferol-3-O-(6-O-malonyl)-${\beta}$-D-glucoside (KMG), were isolated from mulberry leaves by a series of isolation procedures, such as Diaion HP-20, silica-gel, Sephadex LH-20, and ODS-A column chromatographies. The chemical structures of the phenolic compounds were identified by UV and NMR spectral analyses. Levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves from six different mulberry cultivars ranged from 1,042.16 to 1,871.97 mg% per dry weight; Guksang cultivar showed the highest levels of polyphenols, whereas Gaeryangdaehwa contained the least polyphenol contents. Generally, levels of polyphenols in mulberry leaves decreased with increasing harvest time, except for Yoolmok, but increased with heat processing time, except QMG and KMG. These results suggest that the heat processed mulberry leaves of Guksang cultivar harvested in early May can be potentially useful sources for production of high quality mulberry leaf teas.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.255-259
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• 2007

The solvent extracts of Oenothera laciniata, which were extracted by using several solvents with different polarities, were prepared for utility as a natural preservative. The O. laciniata extract by 80% ethanol was sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, and butanol. The antibacterial activities and cell growth inhibition were investigated on each strain with the different concentrations of O. laciniata extracts. Antibacterial activities were shown in ethanol, ethylacetate, and butanol fraction of O. laciniata. However n-hexane, dichloromethane and water fraction showed weak antibacterial activity against the tested microorganisms. Among the five fractions, ethylacetate fraction showed the highest antibacterial activities against microorganisms tested, such as Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium. The polyphenolic compounds widely occurring in the traditional medicine plants have been reported to possess high antibacterial activity. The polyphenolic compounds from ethanol, n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethylacetate, butanol, and water fraction were 63.96 mg/g, 8.49 mg/g, 28.11 mg/g, 172.64 mg/g, 114.56 mg/g, and 34.91 mg/g, respectively. There are some relationships between antibacterial activity and polyphenol content in natural plant. The ethylacetate fraction could be suitable for the development of a food preservative.