• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정보디스플레이학회 2009년도 9th International Meeting on Information Display
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• pp.1573-1574
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• 2009

Fullerene/polystyrene nanoparticles having the average size of 300 nm ~ 1 ${\mu}m$ were prepared by emulsion polymerization in aqueous medium. Poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) and potassium persulfate were used as a dispersant and an initiator, respectively. The contents of fullerene in the nanoparticle were controlled to be from 10 to 57 wt% by varying the feed ratio, which was confirmed by IR-spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analyses, and elemental analyses. Dynamic light scattering experiments revealed the particles have a broad size distribution. Further characterizations of the nanoparticles were performed by using SEM and TEM observation. The high content of fullerene in the particles will find applications in photovoltaic and organic semiconducting area.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권9호
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• pp.2966-2970
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• 2012

Fullerene/polystyrene ($C_{60}$/PS) nano particle was prepared by using emulsion polymerization. Styrene and fullerene were emulsified in aqueous media in the presence of poly(N-vinyl pyridine) as an emulsion stabilizer, and polymerization was initiated by water soluble radical initiator, potassium persulfate. The obtained nano particles have an average diameter in the range of 400-500 nm. The fullerene contents in the nano particle can be controlled up to 15 wt % by varying the feed ratio, which was confirmed by themogravimetric analysis (TGA) and elemental analysis (EA). The structure and morphologies of the $C_{60}$/PS nano particles were examined by various analytical techniques such as dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), electron diffraction (ED) pattern, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and UV spectroscopy. Unlike conventional $C_{60}$/PS particles initiated by organic free radical initiators, in which the fullerene is copolymerized forming a covalent bond with styrene monomer, the prepared $C_{60}$/PS nano particles contain pristine fullerene as secondary particles homogeneously distributed in the polystyrene matrix.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제31권9호
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• pp.949-956
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• 1994

In order to investigate the relationship between pore size distribution and freezing-thawing resistance of mortars, polymer-cement mortars were prepared by using styrene-butadiene rubber latex, ethylene-vinyl acetate emulsion and polyacrylic ester emulsion with various polymer-cement ratios at constant flow. From the results of the test, polymer-cement mortars had a good pore size distribution for freezing-thawing resistance compared with unmodified mortars because of having a small pore volume in the pore radius range of 103~104 $\AA$ affecting on the frost damage. And the freezing-thawing resistance of polymer-cement mortars was improved with increasing polymer-cement ratio.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.343-348
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is to clarify properties adhesive strength of polymer-cement slurry for coated reinforcing bars. The epoxy coating material is superior to performance of anti-corrosion but lately age adhesive strength between concrete raise to structural problems. However, polymer dispersion with excellent performance of elasticity and adhesion can solve this problems. From the test results. adhesion of steel with polymer cement slurry using St/BA emulsion is show excellent without concerned coating thickness, and polymer cement slurry using St/BA emulsion is show adhesion in tension 1.2~2.2MPa at polymer cement ratio 50% of more.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2008년도 하계학술대회 논문집 Vol.9
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• pp.360-361
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• 2008

A new kind of SBM co-polymer binder as styrene, n-butyl acrylate, and methacrylic acid (SBM) monodisperse co-polymer binder materials basted on $TiO_2$ pastes was synthesized and this $TiO_2$ pastes were applied of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The SBM co-polymer binder was prepared by soap-free emulsion copolymerization using a PEG-EEM macromonomer. The photoanodes were characterized by morphology investigated from field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM). The photoelectrochemical properties of the thin films and the performance of DSSCs were measured by photovoltaic-current density. DSSC based on the emulsion co-polymer binder was obtained conversion efficiency of 7.1% under irradiation of AM 1.5($100mWcm^{-2}$).

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.39-50
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• 2014

PURPOSES : The objective of this study is to evaluate the curing and adhesive behavior of asphalt emulsions including polymer-modified emulsions for chip seals and fog seals. METHODS : For the laboratory testing, the evaporation test, the bitumen bond strength (BBS) test, and the Vialit test are used. Also, the rolling ball test and the damping test are employed to evaluate the curing properties of the fog seal emulsions. In order to conduct all the tests in controled condition, all test procedures are performed in the environmental chamber. The CRS-2L and the SBS CRS-2P emulsions are used as a polymer-modified emulsion, and then unmodified emulsion, the CRS-2, is compared for the evaluation of chip seal performance. For the fog seal performance evaluation, two types of polymer-modified emulsions (FPME-1 and FPME-2) and one of unmodified emulsion, the CSS-1H, are employed. All the tests are performed at different curing times and temperatures. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS : Overall, PMEs show better curing and adhesive behavior than non-PMEs regardless of treatments types. Especially, the curing and adhesive behavior of PMEs is much better than non-PMEs before 120 minutes of curing time. Since all the test results indicate that after 120 minutes of curing time the curing adhesive behavior of emulsions, the early curing time, i.e., 120 minutes, plays an important role in the performance of chip seals and fog seals.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.498-505
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• 2007

This study demonstrated the in-situ functionalization with polymers of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) via emulsion polymerization. Polystyrene-functionalized MWNTs were prepared in an aqueous solution containing styrene monomer, non-ionic surfactant and a cationic coupling agent ([2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trime-thylammonium chloride (MATMAC)). This process produced an interesting morphology in which the MWNTs, consisting of bead-string shapes or MWNTs embedded in the beads, when polymer beads were sufficiently large, produced nanohybrid material. This morphology was attributed to the interaction between the cationic coupling agent and the nanotube surface which induced polymerization within the hemimicellar or hemicylindrical structures of surfactant micelles on the surface of the nanotubes. In a solution containing MATMAC alone without surfactant, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were not well-dispersed, and in a solution containing only surfactant without MATMAC, polymeric beads were synthesized in isolation from CNTs and continued to exist separately. The incorporation of MATMAC and surfactant together enabled large amounts of CNTs (> 0.05 wt%) to be well-dispersed in water and very effectively encapsulated by polymer chains. This method could be applied to other well-dispersed CNT solutions containing amphiphilic molecules, regardless of the type (i.e., anionic, cationic or nonionic). In this way, the solubility and dispersion of nanotubes could be increased in a solvent or polymer matrix. By enhancing the interfacial adhesion, this method might also contribute to the improved dispersion of nanotubes in a polymer matrix and thus the creation of superior polymer nanocomposites.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.75-85
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• 2017

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study was to determine the optimum mix design of the content of 100 % reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) for spray injection application with different binder types. METHODS : Literature review revealed that spray injection method is the one of the efficient and economical methods for repairing a small defective area on an asphalt pavement. The Rapid-Setting Polymer modified asphalt mixtures using two types of rapid setting polymers-asphalt emulsion and a quick setting polymer asphalt emulsion-were subjected to the following tests to determine optimum mix designs and for performance comparison: 1) Marshall stability test, 2) Retained stability test, 3) Wet track abrasion test, and 4) Dynamic stability test. RESULTS and CONCLUSIONS : Type A, B, and C emulsions were tested with different mix designs using RAP aggregates, to compare the performances and determine the optimum mix design. Performance of mixtures with Type A emulsion exceeded that of mixtures with Type B and C emulsion in all aspects. In particular, Type A binder demonstrated the highest performance for WTAT at low temperature. It demonstrated the practicality of using Type A mixture during the cold season. Furthers studies are to be performed to verify the optimum mix design for machine application. Differences in optimum mix designs for machine application and lab application will be corrected through field tests.

• 청정기술
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2005

본 연구는 환경친화적인 선형 비이온 계면활성제인 LE-형유화제를 사용하여 점착성분의 단량체로 노말부틸 아크릴레이트 (n-butyl acrylate, n-BA)와 응집성분의 단량체로 메틸메타 아크릴레이트 (methyl metacrylate, MMA)를 사용하여, 폴리머 시멘트용 아크릴계 에멀젼 수지를 제조하기 한 최적조건을 얻기 위해 수용액상에서 유화중합을 실시하였다. 실험결과, 사용한 계면활성제 (LE-형)의 친수성인 체인 길이(n)의 값이 증가할수록 응석의 발생이 줄어들어 안정한 폴리머 에멀젼을 얻을 수 있었다. 최종 폴리머 에멀젼의 농도는 이 계면활성제의 사용량을 증가시킴에 따라 증가하다가 어느 농도 이상에서 응석의 발생이 거의 없는 폴리머 에멀젼을 얻을 수 있었으며, 반면에 평균 입자크기도 사용량에 따라 작아지다가 250 nm로 일정한 크기를 나타내었다. 또한 기능성 폴리머로서 보조모노머의 첨가는 최종 폴리머 에멀젼의 응석과 입자크기에 크게 영향을 미쳤는데, 주 모노머에 보조 모노머인 아크릴산 (acrylic acid, AA)과 아크릴 아마이드 (acrylic amide, AM)의 혼합하여 첨가한 경우, 첨가하지 않은 경우에 비해 응석의 발생이 줄어들어 안정한 폴리머 에멀젼을 얻을 수 있었다. 최적조건에서 어진 아크릴 폴리머 에멀젼은 평균 입자크기 200-300 nm, 제타전위 (zeta potential)값 -50 mv 정도였으며, 단일 유리전이온도 (glass temperature, Tg)를 가진 고분자 나노 입자가 수용액상에 잘 분산되어 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 중합조건을 최적화시켜 안정된 폴리머 에멀젼을 얻을 있었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.293-299
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• 2015

전기 전도성을 갖는 발포체를 개발하기 위해 고내상 에멀젼(HIPE) 중합법으로 폴리스티렌(PS)/폴리도파민-탄소나노튜브(PDA-CNT) 미세기공 발포체를 제조하여 발포체의 모폴로지 및 전기 전도도를 고찰하였다. 전도성을 부여하기 위한 나노충전제로 CNT를 사용하였는데 수분산성과 HIPE의 안정성을 향상시키기 위하여 CNT 표면을 친수성인 PDA로 개질한 PDA-CNT를 사용하였다. PDA-CNT는 분산성이 우수하여 첨가량을 높여 HIPE를 구성할 수 있었고 전도성이 향상된 발포체를 제조할 수 있었다. 제조한 미세기공 발포체는 기공이 상호 연결된 구조의 모폴로지를 보여 주었다. PDA-CNT의 함량 증가에 따라 HIPE의 항복응력 및 저장 탄성률은 증가하였고 제조된 발포체의 기공 크기는 작아졌다. 전기적 임계점을 보여주는 PDA-CNT 함량은 대략 0.58 wt%였고 PDA-CNT 함량을 5 wt% 첨가했을 때의 전기 전도도는 $10^{-3}S/m$를 나타내었다.