• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.152-161
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• 2006

Purpose : In Korea, the school urine screening program is a useful tool for screening urine abnormalities. It is particularly useful in early detection of membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis(MPGN) I, which frequently progresses to chronic renal failure. In this study, we studied the medical history, laboratory findings, and histologic findings of MPGN to gain helpful information on early detection and treatment. Methods : The subjects were 19 children, who were diagnosed with MPGN from kidney biopsies that were performed in ten nationwide university hospitals because of abnormal urine findings from school urine screening programs conducted from July 1999 to April 2004. We divided the patients into 2 groups, a nephrotic range proteinuria group(n=8) and a non-nephrotic proteinuria group(n=11), and retrospectively analyzed the clinical features, laboratory findings, histologic findings, treatment, and clinical course. Results : The mean age at the first abnormal urinalysis was $10.6{\pm}2.2$ years in the nephrotic proteinuria group and $9.6{\pm}3.2$ years in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group. The mean age at the time of kidney biopsy was $11.3{\pm}2.3$ years in the nephrotic range proteinuria group and $10.4{\pm}3.2$ years in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean age and sex between the two groups. In the nephrotic proteinuria group, 6 children had a low plasma C3 level and in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group, 8 children had a low plasma C3 level, but there was no significant difference between the 2 groups. There was no significant difference in the laboratory test results(including WBC count, RBC count, platelet count and other serologic tests) between the 2 groups except for 24 hour urine protein secretion. There was no difference between the 2 groups with regard to the acute and chronic changes in the glomerulus on light microscopic findings, IgG, IgA, Ig M, C1q, C3, C4, fibrogen deposition on immunofluoroscence findings, and mesangial deposits, subendothelial deposits, and subepithelial deposits on electron microscopic findings. The children were treated with corticosteroids, ACE(angiotensin-converting enzyme) inhibitors, dipyridamole and other immunosuppressive agents. During the course of treatment, there were no children whose clinical condition worsened. Among 19 children, 3 children went into remission(2 in the nephrotic proteinuria group, 1 in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group) and 9 children went into a partial remission(4 in the nephrotic proteinuria group, 5 in the non-nephrotic proteinuria group) on urinalysis. There was no significant difference in the treatment results between the two groups. Conclusion : The 73.7% of children who were incidentally diagnosed with MPGN by the school urine screening program had reduced C3. 42.1% of the children had nephrotic range proteinuria. There were no significant differences in clinical features, laboratory test results, light microscopic, immunofluorescence microscopic, and electron microscopic findings between the nephrotic proteinuria group and the non-nephrotic proteinuria group except for the 24 hour urine protein secretion. Therefore, for early detection of MPGN during the school urine screening program, we strongly recommend a kidney biopsy if children have abnormal urine findings such as persistent proteinuria and persistent hematuria, or if the serum C3 is reduced.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제21권8호
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• pp.1189-1195
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• 2008

A study was conducted with 48 weaned barrows ($28{\pm}3d$, $8.45{\pm}0.14kg$) to determine the effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharide (ABPS) supplementation on pig performance, immunological, adrenal and somatotropic responses following Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. The experiment was a $2{\times}2$ factorial design; the main factors included diet (supplementation with 0 or 500 mg/kg ABPS) and immunological challenge (LPS or saline). On d 14 and 21 of the trial, pigs were given an intraperitoneal injection with either $100{\mu}g/kg$ BW of LPS or an equivalent amount of sterile saline. Blood samples were obtained 3 h after injection for analysis of tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$), prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$), cortisol, growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and immunoglobulin G (IgG). On d 2 after LPS challenge, peripheral blood lymphocyte proliferation (PBLP) was measured. LPS administration decreased average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p<0.05), had a tendency to decrease average daily gain (ADG) (p<0.10) during both the first and second challenge periods and increased (p<0.05) feed:gain ratio only during the first challenge period. ABPS tended to improve ADG (p<0.10) during the first challenge period, and improved ADG (p<0.05) and tended to improve ADFI (p<0.10) during the second challenge period. ABPS did not affect feed:gain ratio. An interaction (p<0.05) between LPS challenge and diet was observed for the plasma concentrations of TNF-${\alpha}$, $PGE_2$ and cortisol after both LPS challenges such that, among LPS-treated pigs, pigs fed the ABPS diet were lower for these indices than those receiving the control diet. In contrast, pigs fed the ABPS diet had higher IGF-I (p<0.05) compared with those fed the control diet. No effect of diet, LPS challenge or both on GH and IgG was observed after both LPS administrations. LPS challenge increased PBLP when these cells were incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of LPS during both the challenge periods, and did likewise when incubated with $8{\mu}g/ml$ of concanavalin A only after the first challenge. ABPS had no effect on PBLP. These data demonstrate that ABPS alters the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines following an immunological challenge, which might enable pigs to achieve better performance.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.701-705
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• 2000

Solitary plasmacytomas are rare and account for 5-10% of all plasma cell disorders. These tumors are categorized as solitary plasmacytomas of bone(osseous) or extramedullary plasmacytomas(non-osseous). About a half of solitary plasmacytomas of bone occur in the spine but rarely in the skull. We report a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the skull presented with a painless palpable left parietal calvarial mass in an otherwise asymptomatic 38- year-old man. Skull radiographs showed a large radiolucent lesion with well defined non-sclerotic margins. Computed tomograph scan demonstrated a markedly enhancing mass extending from the epidural to the subcutaneous space. The patient underwent surgery and tumor was completely excised. Pathological examination showed tumor to be a plasmacytoma synthesizing IgG. Postoperatively, the patient received radiotherapy. There was no evidence of systemic involvement on postoperative laboratory wokups. Our recommended treatment is a complete surgical excision combined with postoperative radiation therapy. The patient should be follwed carefully for more than 10 years because of either local recurrence or possible progression to multiple myeloma.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제78권3호
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• pp.262-266
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• 2015

Plasmacytomas are extramedullary accumulations of plasma cells originating from soft tissue. Mediastinal plasmacytoma is a rare presentation. A 67-year-old man recovered after antibiotic treatment for community-acquired pneumonia. However, on convalescent chest radiography after 3 months, mass like lesion at the right lower lung field was newly detected. Follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) revealed an increase in the extent of the right posterior mediastinal mass that we had considered to be pneumonic consolidations on previous CT scans. Through percutaneous needle biopsy, we diagnosed IgG kappa type extramedullary plasmacytoma of the posterior mediastinum.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.283-292
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• 2004

본 연구는 흰쥐(S.D, ♂)에 각 처리에 따라 기초사료로 시판사료(T$_1$)를 무제한 급여하면서 시험사료로 한약 증탕액 (T$_2$), 오골계 증탕액(T$_3$), 오골계 교잡종 육에 Flavourzyme을 0.1%첨가하여 가수 분해시킨 후 한약제와 혼합하여 증탕시킨 증탕액(T$_4$)을 35일간 경구 투여한 후 흰쥐의 혈청에 대한 glucose및 hormones과 면역학적 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사 한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 비만하였을 때나 과도한 스트레스를 받았을 때 insulin 함량이 증가한다고 하였으나 효소 처리 오골계 교잡종 증탕액을 급여한 처리구에서 체중 증가가 일반사료를 급여한 처리구에 비해 유의적으로(p<0.05) 증가하였어도 insulin 함량이 일반사료 급여구보다 증가하지 않은 것으로 나타나 바람직한 생리현상을 나타냈다. Aldosterone은 스테로이드 계통의 호르몬으로 물의 생리적 밸런스와 혈압조절에 관여하는데 일반사료 급여구에 비해 한약 증탕액, 오골계 증탕액,효소 처리 오골계 증탕액 급여 구에서 낮은 함량을 나타내 고농도 단백 식이의 급여에도 불구하고 aldosterone수치의 저하로 혈압 저하의 효과를 나타 낸 것은 한약을 첨가시켜 고압으로 처리시킨 증탕액의 효과와 가수분해 효소에 의한 소화가 용이하도록 처리한 결과로 사료된다 Cortisol은 스트레스 측정에 감도가 높은 호르몬으로 알려져 있는데 일반사료급여구가 0.67 nmol/L인 반면 증탕액을 급여한 구에서는 0.40∼0.49 nmol/L으로 cortisol 농도가 감소하는 경향을 나타냈는데 이는 aldosterone에서와 같이 한약제와 동물성 단백질을 섭취함에 따른 효과로 사료된다. 흰쥐에 증탕액 급여가 면역반응에 미치는 영향에서 IL-4, IFN-v 및 anti-BSA IgG의 역가는 일반사료를 급여한 처리구에 비해 오골계 증탕액 및 효소 처리 오골계 교잡종 증탕액 급여구에서 spleen과 serum두에서 증가하는 경향을 나타내었는데 앞에서 언급했던 바와 같이 한약(십전대보탕)의 효과와 소화시키기 쉬운 고농도의 단백질 가수분해 물질의 다량 섭취에 의해 면역 활성이 증가되었을 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.573-582
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• 2005

본 시험은 미역분말의 첨가가 홀스타인 젖소의 유생산과 내분비계에 미치는 영향을 규명하기 위하여 실시하였다. 기초사료에 미역분말을 1일 두당 800g 수준으로 급여하여 대조구와 비교하였다. 사료건물섭취량은 처리에 의한 영향을 받지 않았고 비유말기 산유량은 대조구에 비해 일일 6.25kg 이나 많게 유의하게 증가하였다(p<0.05). 하지만 유성분은 처리구간에 유의한 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 대조구의 체세포수는 유동적이었지만 처리구의 체세포수는 시험 종료 시 $10^5$개/ml로 시험개시에 비해 무려 53.77%의 감소효과를 보여 탁월한 체세포 감소효과를 나타내었다. 미역분말의 첨가가 혈중 면역글로부린의 함량에는 영향을 주지 않은 것으로 나타났다. 비유에 직접적인 영향을 미치는 IGF-1의 혈장농도는 미역처리구에서 유의성 있게 증가하였으며 비유와 직접적인 관련이 있는 또 다른 호르몬인 $T_3$ 와 $T_4$의 농도도 유의적으로 증가하는 양상을 나타내었다. 지질대사산물인 TC, HDL-C와 LDL-C의 농도는 모두 처리구에서 증가하는 양상을 나타냈다. 이와 같이 미역부산물의 사료 중 첨가는 유생산량의 증가를 보였는데 이는 혈중 비유관련 호르몬의 분비에 영향을 준 결과로 확인된 바 젖소사료자원으로서의 응용가치가 클 것으로 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.388-395
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• 2009

The current study was conducted to investigate the effect of early feed restriction (FR, 8 to 14 d of age) on growth performance and immune function in broiler chickens. Birds were fed corresponding diets from 3 to 35 d of age, which consisted of three phases: starter (3 to 7 d of age), FR (8 to 14 d of age) and re-alimentation (15 to 35 d of age) phases. During the FR period, each group of birds was fed the basal diet ad libitum (CON), 85% (EN85) and 70% (EN70) of lower calorie diet ad libitum (qualitative FR), and 85% (FI85) and 70% (FI70) of voluntary intake on a daily basis (quantitative FR). As a result, there was no statistical difference in weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio between the CON and quantitative or qualitative FR groups during the entire (3 to 35 d) periods. In particular, the EN85 group resulted in a significant (p<0.05) increase in weight gain compared with the EN70, FI85 and FI70 groups. Plasma total protein and albumin at 14 d of age (during FR) were significantly (p<0.05) lower in the quantitative and qualitative FR groups, but these parameters at 35 d of age (after re-alimentation) were higher (p<0.05) in the EN85 and EN70 groups than in the CON group. Plasma IgG level was unaffected by dietary FR procedure. In cytokines, there was no significant difference in the expression of lymphocytic IL-4 and IFN-${\gamma}$ at 14 d of age between the FR and the CON groups, whereas lymphocytic IL-6 and iNOS expression were significantly (p<0.05) lower in FI85 and FI70 groups. Moreover, lymphocytic iNOS was also significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitative and quantitative diets compared with those fed ad libitum. In the thymus, IL-4 expression was higher (p<0.05) in FI85 and FI70 groups, whereas IL-6 expression was lower (p<0.05) in the FI85 and FI70 groups than in the CON group. Thymic iNOS was significantly (p<0.05) lower in birds fed qualitatively and quantitatively restricted diets compared with those fed ad libitum. At 35 d of age, there was no difference in the expression of IL-4, IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ of lymphocytes and thymus between the FR and CON groups. In conclusion, 85% of quantitative and qualitative FR would have a beneficial effect on the expression of some cytokines including IL-4 and iNOS without change in growth performance of birds.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.166-174
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• 2021

Multiple myeloma is a malignant cancer of plasma cells. Despite recent progress with immunomodulatory drugs and proteasome inhibitors, it remains an incurable disease that requires other strategies to overcome its recurrence and non-response. Based on the high expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in human multiple myeloma isolated from bone marrow and the murine myeloma cell lines, NS-1 and MOPC-315, we propose PD-L1 molecule as a target of anti-multiple myeloma therapy. We developed a novel anti-PD-L1 antibody containing a murine immunoglobulin G subclass 2a (IgG2a) fragment crystallizable (Fc) domain that can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. The newly developed anti-PD-L1 antibody showed significant antitumor effects against multiple myeloma in mice subcutaneously, intraperitoneally, or intravenously inoculated with NS-1 and MOPC-315 cells. The anti-PD-L1 effects on multiple myeloma may be related to a decrease in the immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), but there were no changes in the splenic MDSCs after combined treatment with lenalidomide and the anti-PD-L1 antibody. Interestingly, the newly developed anti-PD-L1 antibody can induce antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity in the myeloma cells, which differs from the existing anti-PD-L1 antibodies. Collectively, we have developed a new anti-PD-L1 antibody that binds to mouse and human PD-L1 and demonstrated the antitumor effects of the antibody in several syngeneic murine myeloma models. Thus, PD-L1 is a promising target to treat multiple myeloma, and the novel anti-PD-L1 antibody may be an effective anti-myeloma drug via antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity effects.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

본 실험은 Cu-soy proteinate(Cu-SP)와 Herb-Mix(HBM)을 단독 또는 혼합급여가 산란계의 생산성, 혈액성상 및 면역체계에 미치는 영향을 조사하기 위해 실시하였다. 사양시험은 60주령의 산란계(Hy-Line Brown) 800수를 선별하여 A형 2단 4열 케이지에 대조구 포함 총 4처리구로 구성하여 처리 당 5반복, 반복당 40수씩(2수 수용 케이지 25개) 난괴법으로 임의 배치하였다. 시험 기간 동안 물과 사료는 자유 섭취하게 하였으며, 일반적인 점등 관리(자연일조+조명=16 hr)를 실시하였다. 처리구들은 대조구, Cu-SP(Cu-soy proteinate로 Cu 100 ppm 첨가구), HBM(지황 10%, 산약 10%, 당귀 20%, 오미자 5%, 감초 5%, 천궁 10%) 0.15% 첨가구, Cu-SP+HBM(Cu-spy proteinate로 Cu 100 ppm 첨가구+HBM 0.15%) 첨가구는 총 4 처리구였다. 5주간의 사양 실험 결과, 일계 산란율(Hen-day egg production)은 Cu-SP구와 HBM의 단독 급여가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, 사료 섭취량, 사료 요구율, 난중, 연파란율은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 난각 강도는 Cu-SP구가 대조구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, 난각 두께, 난각색, 난황색, Haugh unit은 처리구 간에 유의적인 차이는 나타나지 않았다. Leukocyte 수치 중 백혈구 수치는 Cu-SP+HBM구가 HBM과 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았으며, 스트레스 지수는 Cu-SP구가 대조구와 HBM구와 비교하여 유의적으로(P<0.05) 높았다. IgG 함량은 첨가구들이 대조구와 비교하여(P<0.05) 유의적으로 높았음을 알 수 있었다. 결론적으로 Cu-SP와 HBM의 단독 또는 혼합급여는 둘 다 생산성을 증가시키며, 면역성상을 개선시키는 효과를 보여주었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권7호
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• pp.1035-1043
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• 2014

To investigate the effect of dietary Acanthopanax senticosus polysaccharide (ASPS) on growth performance, immunity, blood parameters and mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in immunologically challenged piglets, an experiment employing $2{\times}2$ factorial arrangement concerning dietary ASPS treatment (0 or 800 mg/kg) and immunological challenge (lipopolysaccharide [LPS] or saline injection) was conducted with 64 crossbred piglets (weaned at 28 d of age, average initial body weight of $7.25{\pm}0.21kg$) assigned to two dietary ASPS treatments with 8 replicates of 4 pigs each. Half of the piglets of per dietary treatment were injected with LPS or saline on d 14. Blood samples were obtained at 3 h after immunological injection on d 14 and piglets were slaughtered to obtain spleen samples on d 21. Dietary ASPS did not affect average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.634), average daily feed intake (ADFI) (p = 0.655), and gain:feed (p = 0.814) prior to LPS challenge. After LPS challenge, for LPS-challenged pigs those fed ASPS had higher ADG and ADFI than the non-supplemented group (p<0.05), and an interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was observed on the two indices (p<0.05). Dietary ASPS improved lymphocyte proliferation among saline-injected and LPS-injected pigs (p<0.05). Interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also revealed on lymphocyte proliferation (p<0.05). Circulatory concentration of IgG was influenced neither by ASPS (p = 0.803) or LPS (p = 0.692), nor their interaction (p = 0.289). Plasma concentration and spleen mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta (IL-$1{\beta}$), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$ were induced to increase (p<0.05) by LPS challenge, in contrast, these indices were decreased by dietary ASPS (p<0.05), and interactions were found on these cytokines (p<0.05). For LPS-challenged pigs, dietary ASPS also reduced the circulating concentration and spleen mRNA expression of IL-$1{\beta}$, IL-6 as well as TNF-${\alpha}$ (p<0.05). The interaction between $LPS{\times}ASPS$ was also observed on the circulating concentration of insulin-like growth factor-I, ${\alpha}$-acid glycoprotein (${\alpha}$-AGP), nonesterified fatty acid, and glucose (p<0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that dietary ASPS can modulate the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines during immunological challenge, which might enable piglets to achieve better growth performance.