• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.173-176
• /
• 2007

${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ is one of the chain breaking antioxidants. Both sterol (triterpene) and phenolic hydroxyl groups in the structure of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ may be responsible for its antioxidative function. We hypothesize that ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ is more effective in preventing the autoxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) than the synthetic phenolic compounds in an oil/water (O/W) emulsion system. The antioxidative effectiveness of different concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants was evaluated at different incubation times (0, 4, 8, 16, and 32 h) by measuring both the formation of hydroperoxides and the decomposition product of hydroperoxides (hexanal) in each emulsion system. Overall, the order of effectiveness of various antioxidants for inhibiting the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion was: ${\gamma}-oryzanol$> tert-butylhydroquinone (TBHQ)> butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT)> butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). O/W emulsion with selective lower concentrations of ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ showed better effectiveness than that with higher concentration of synthetic antioxidants. However, the ability of both ${\gamma}-oryzanol$ and synthetic antioxidants to decompose hydroperoxide was similar. ${\gamma}-Oryzanol$ was more effective antioxidant than the synthetic phenolic compounds in preventing the formation of hydroperoxide in the O/W emulsion system.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.38 no.1
• /
• pp.67-70
• /
• 2007

The stems of Acer tegmentosum Max were extracted with MeOH and then partitioned with $CH_2Cl_2$, n-BuOH, and $H_2O$, successively. Three compounds were isolated from the $CH_2Cl_2$ fraction through repeated column chromatographic separation. Their chemical structures were elucidated as ${\beta}$-sitosterol, ${\beta}$-sitosterol-3-O-${\beta}$-D-glucoside, and epifriedelinol by comparison of spectral data with those in references. These three compounds were firstly isolated from this plant.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
• /
• v.13 no.2
• /
• pp.75-79
• /
• 2005

Five coumarins, psoralen (1), scopoletin (2), isoimperatorin (4), (+)-marmesin (5) and xanthotoxin (6), three chromones, cimifugin (3), hamaudol (7) and sec-O-glucosylhamaudol (10), one sterol, daucosterol (8) and one aliphatic alcohol, galactitol (9) were isolated from the root of Peucedanum japonicum. Their chemical structures were identified by the physicochemical and spectroscopic data by comparing literature values. Among them, compounds 9 and 10 were isolated for the first time from this plant. The anti-inflammatory effects of isolated compounds were examined on cyclooxygenase (COX), compounds 1, 2 and 7 showed inhibitory activity on COX-1 with $IC_{50}$ values of 0.88, 0.27 and 0.30 mM, respectively. In the test for COX-2 activity, only compound 7 showed significant inhibitory activity with the $IC_{50}$ value of 0.57 mM. The other compounds exhibited weak inhibitory or no inhibitory activity.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.99-104
• /
• 2015

Three triterpenoids, one sterol glycoside and a phenylpropanoid glycoside were isolated from the n-BuOH soulble fraction of Paulownia coreana twigs. On the basis of spectral data, the structure of isolated compounds were identified as pomolic acid (1), euscaphic acid (2), arjunic acid (3), daucosterol (4), and syringin (5), respectively. All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.39-46
• /
• 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder causing dementia worldwide, and is mainly characterized by aggregated β-amyloid (Aβ). Increasing evidence has shown that plant extracts have the potential to delay AD development. The plant sterol β-Sitosterol has a potential role in inhibiting the production of platelet Aβ, suggesting that it may be useful for AD prevention. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect and mechanism of β-Sitosterol on deficits in learning and memory in amyloid protein precursor/presenilin 1 (APP/PS1) double transgenic mice. APP/PS1 mice were treated with β-Sitosterol for four weeks, from the age of seven months. Brain Aβ metabolism was evaluated using ELISA and Western blotting. We found that β-Sitosterol treatment can improve spatial learning and recognition memory ability, and reduce plaque load in APP/PS1 mice. β-Sitosterol treatment helped reverse dendritic spine loss in APP/PS1 mice and reversed the decreased hippocampal neuron miniature excitatory postsynaptic current frequency. Our research helps to explain and support the neuroprotective effect of β-Sitosterol, which may offer a novel pharmaceutical agent for the treatment of AD. Taken together, these findings suggest that β-Sitosterol ameliorates memory and learning impairment in APP/PS1 mice and possibly decreases Aβ deposition.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
• /
• v.10 no.4
• /
• pp.564-573
• /
• 1997

The addition of antioxidants to fats and oils is one of the most effective ways to prevent oxidation of lipids. The popularity of natural antioxidants has increased because of the possible toxicity of synthetic antioxidants. Common natural antioxidants, tocopherols, retard oxidation at ambient temperatures, but they are ineffective at retarding oxidation at frying temperatures. The need for the development of novel natural antioxidants which are effective at frying temperatures is obvious. Sterols present in vegetable oils and certain herbal plant extracts have been reported to have antioxidant properties. Some sterols have been shown to retard thermal changes at frying temperatures. All the sterol effective at preventing oxidation at frying temperatures have an ethylidene group in their side chain. These effects can be explained by the hypothesis that sterols with a structure that allows them to react with lipid free radicals to form relatively stable free radicals are effective as antioxidants. (Key words :natural antioxidants, sterols, ethylidene group, herbal plant extracts)

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
• /
• v.15 no.3
• /
• pp.241-250
• /
• 2012

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), butyltins (BTs), nonylphenol (NP), and fecal sterols concentrations in sediments were investigated from Gunsan coast of Korea to evaluate organic pollution from anthropogenic activities. Sediment toxicity was also examined by bacterial bioluminescence toxicity test (Vibrio fischeri). The concentrations of 16 PAHs in sediments ranged from 67.9 to 425 ng/g dry wt; BTs ranged from 2.79 to 14.1 ng Sn/g dry wt; NP ranged from 20.7 to 2171 ng/g dry wt; and coprostanol, a fecal sterol, ranged from 7.60 to 245 ng/g dry wt. Effective concentration 50% ($EC_{50}$) of sediments ranged from 0.38 to 23.8 mg/mL. Most of the chemicals were present at levels lower than or comparable to the previously reported values from Korea. However, NP levels in the present study were in the high range of levels reported from the Korean coast, and 40% of the measured samples exceeded screening and ecotoxicological values of NP suggested by the Netherlands and Canada. This suggests that an ongoing source of NP is a serious concern in the Gunsan coast. High levels of contaminants were found in the proximity of potential sources, such as the outfall of a wastewater treatment plant for NP, an anthracite-fired power plant for PAHs, and ports for BTs, fecal sterols, and sediment toxicity. This indicates that Gunsan coast has various potential sources of marine sediment contaminants.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
• /
• v.40 no.3
• /
• pp.251-261
• /
• 1996

Acanthopanax divaricatus Seem. is a medicinal plant growing widely through out Korea, Japan and China. The plant material of Acanthopanax spp. is used as analgesic , tonic, sedative drug as well as for the treatment of hypertension, rheumatism and diabetes. From the stem barks and root barks of A. divaricatus, diterpenoid compound was isolated and identified as pamaric acid ($C_{20}H_{30}O_2,\;mp\;164^{\circ}C$), lignan compounds were isolated and identified as d-sesamin ($C_{20}H_{18}O_6,\;mp\;123{\sim}124^{\circ}C$), eletheroside E ($C_{34}H_{46}O_{18},\;mp\;257{\sim}259^{\circ}C$), three sterol compounds were identified as ${\beta}$-sitosterol, campesterol, stigmasterol, and six fatty acid compounds were identified as stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, arachidonic acid and behenic acid. And also leaves of A. divaricatus, chiisanoside were identified, one of secotriterpenoidal compound(white amorphorous powder crystal, mp $228^{\circ}C$). Anticancer activity and nephrotoxicity were tested by MTT assay. Anticancer effect of chiisanoside was much lower than that of cisplatin.

• Journal of Life Science
• /
• v.24 no.11
• /
• pp.1224-1230
• /
• 2014

The red radish (Raphanus sativus L.; RR) sprout is a plant of the cruciferous family. In this study, we elucidated the effect of the water extract of RR sprout (RRSE) against ${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase enzyme activity and adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. ${\alpha}$-amylase, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase, and pancreatic lipase enzyme activity was inhibited in a concentration-dependent manner by RRSE treatment. RSSE also abolished adipocyte differentiation and lipid and triglyceride accumulation without cytotoxicity in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. In addition, RRSE modulated the expression of the proteins related to adipogenic transcription factors: peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)${\gamma}$, sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), and CCAT/enhancer binding protein (C/EBP)${\alpha}$. RRSE also suppressed expression of the proteins responsible for lipid synthesis, transport, and storage: adiponectin, fatty acid synthesis (FAS), perilipin, and fatty acid bind protein-4 (FABP4). This study showed that RRS treatment has the potential to inhibit obesity by controlling the expression of adipogenic transcription factors and adipogenic proteins.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
• /
• v.9 no.4
• /
• pp.422-428
• /
• 2005

In vivo antifungal activity of 44 fungicides consisting of 3 clubroot fungicides, 7 Oomycetes fungicides, 7 botriticides, 7 blasticides, 9 sterol biosynthesis inhibitors, and 11 broad spectrum fungicides were investigated against Plamodiophora brassicae, the causal agent of clubroot disease in Chinese cabbage. When fluazinam, flusulfamide and cyazofamid, commercial fungicide to control clubroot of Chinese cabbage in Korea, were applied to infested soil, club formations by P. brassicae were strongly inhibited at pot (35 $cm^2$) per 0.63 mg. Ethaboxam and cymoxanil, Oomycetes fungicides, completely controlled Chinese cabbage clubroot at 5 mg/pot, but cymoxanil represented sever phytotoxicity. Besides, dichlofluanid and procymidone of botriticides effectively controlled the development of Chinese cabbage clubroot at 2.5 mg/pot. Chlorothalonil, quintozene and trichlamide, broad spectrum fungicides, showed disease-control efficacy of 85%, 100% and 100% at 2.5 mg/pot, respectively. Most of sterol biosynthesis inhibitors displayed the strong antifungal activity against P. brassicae on cabbage seedlings and plant growth -retarding activity. From these results, 7 fungicides were selected and further tested in vivo antifungal activity against P. brassicae in glasshouse. Among them, ethaboxam showed the most antifungal activity against P. brassicae on cabbage seedlings, followed by fenarimol, procymidone, nuarimol and chlorothalonil.