• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2022

The total bacteria count is significantly important factor for hygienic quality in raw milk. BactoScan FM^TM and BactoCount IBC^TM are the automated instruments for the determination of the total bacterial count in raw milk. They have been used after calibration by standard plate count (SPC) method in South Korea since 2000. It is necessary to re-evaluate for total bacterial counter according to the improvement of milk quality and the change of milk quality grade. Therefore, this study was evaluated the conversion mode of the two machines by SPC method. We collected 921 bulk-tank milk samples throughout the concentration range of 1,000~1,000,000 CFU/mL from June 2020 to October 2021. As a result, when compared by the SPC value, there was a slight difference in total bacterial count in BactoScan below 10,000 CFU/mL and above 200,000 CFU/mL and in BactoCount above 100,000 CFU/mL, respectively. Therefore, the conversion factor for BactoScan and the conversion equation for BactoCount were newly adjusted based on SPC value, and then the correlation coefficients (R²) was 0.85 or higher. In addition, the correlation (R²) between BactoScan and BactoCount was 0.91, which means the results were high positive correlation. These results are expected to contribute to improving the accuracy of the automated instruments for determining of total bacterial count in raw milk.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
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• 2002.11a
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• pp.91.1-91
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• 2002

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.60 no.2
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• pp.185-191
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• 2021

A Quarantine Pest Research Facility (QPRF) had been build in Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency and designed to ensure alien pests are safety contained inside the laboratory. Functions of QPRF including insect rearing, research, and physical containment facility were verified to check suitability as a research laboratory using the beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua. As insect rearing and laboratory facility, S. exigua completed its development for 32.2 days at 25℃. Egg hatching, pupation, and adult eclosion showed 80, 86.6, and 90%. Two pesticides, fluxametamide and hydramethylnon showed high susceptibility against S. exigua larvae by spraying and dipping methods. As physical containment facility, male adults, which were artificially released from laboratory, did not capture in delta trap installed sex pheromone lure during winter season. Based on these results, QPRF will be used for study on alien insect species.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.269-273
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• 2012

A confirmatory serological test, the standard tube agglutination test (STAT) is evaluated for the diagnostic efficiency in brucellosis Korea. A total of 345 bovine samples were collected from regional veterinary branch under national brucellosis monitoring program from January 2010 to June 2012 in Korea. These samples were diagnosed as suspected serum and brucellosis positive by the Rose Bengal test (RBT) and the STAT, respectively. The STAT was compared and evaluated with three serological test such as the indirect-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), competitive-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (C-ELISA) and fluorescence polarisation assay (FPA) prescribed for international trade by OIE. Among the 345 bovine serum samples, 302 (87.5%) were diagnosed as positive in the STAT, while 215 (62.3%), 223 (64.6%) and 194 (56.2%) serum samples were diagnosed as positive for brucellosis in the I-ELISA, C-ELISA and FPA, respectively. The STAT showed quite high positive results as compared with three prescribed tests of OIE. FPA, I-ELISA and C-ELISA have shown 60.6%, 64.9% and 67.2% correlation, respectively as compared to the STAT. However correlations of three prescribed tests ranged high 84.1~97.7%. Especially, correlation between I-ELISA and C-ELISA is quite high, 97.7%. These results suggest that the STAT has shown many false-positive reactions. Therefore, additional serological test, such as ELISAs and FPA, would be necessary to adopt as a confirmatory test in the national surveillance program of bovine brucellosis in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.9-12
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• 2015

Brachyspira (B.) hyodysenteriae is a causative agent of swine dysentery that is responsible for death and economic losses in the pig industry. It is imperative that clinical samples be delivered fresh for accurate diagnosis. The viability and DNA detection of B. hyodysenteriae using lab-made (phosphate buffered saline and modified tryptic soy broth) or commercial transport media (C, D, and E) were compared by culturing and real-time PCR at $4^{\circ}C$ or room temperature (RT), respectively. B. hyodysenteriae grown in D (Anaerobe Systems, USA) and E (Starplex Scientific, Canada) media was viable for 4 days at $4^{\circ}C$ and RT. However, B. hyodysenteriae in A, B, and C (culture swab; BD Biosciences, USA) media were not recovered after 2 days at RT. Ct values for real-time PCR at $4^{\circ}C$ and RT ranged from $27.2{\pm}2.1$ (C) to $29.6{\pm}0.5$ (B), and $28.0{\pm}0.9$ (E) to $30.2{\pm}1.5$ (B), respectively. Considering the field conditions, it is important that transport media is used for specimen isolation and PCR to obtain an accurate diagnosis of swine dysentery.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.134-143
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• 2020

The goal of this manuscript is to determine seed-borne plant pathogenic bacteria and phytoplasmas among quarantine pests in Korea. Four and two prohibited bacteria and phytoplasmas, respectively, and 35 and 17 restricted bacteria and phytoplasmas, respectively, were assessed whether they are seed-borne or not based on preliminary reports. As results, two species of prohibited bacteria, eighteen species of restricted bacteria, and one species of restricted phytoplasma have been determined as being seed-borne plant pathogenic bacteria. Thus, quarantine fields must account for these lists once inspection has been conducted on imported seeds and also use of these lists can help to reduce the production of new diseases that can spread from infected imported seeds.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.107-110
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• 2008

Tropical fire ant, Solenopsis geminata (Fabricius) is distributed over the tropical and temperate areas. It is a polyphagous pest attacking to various plant and causes the pain to the people doing outdoor work. So it is known for a hygienic pest to human being, especially the people doing outdoor activities. It can cause severe pain to human, even with just a bite. Of particular concern is the possibility of its settlement in this country, if it invade to the farmlands and/or forests of Jeju Island and southern part in Korea. It is listed as a regulated pest in Plant Quarantine Act of Korea. This ant is usually imported through a ship and early settled in the port area where it is already distributed. Recently its distribution is rapidly spreading into Southeast Asia and southern part of China. In Korea, it was detected the one time in 1990s, but was detected the ten times from 2000 to 2006 by an imported plant quarantine process. Therefore, we would like to provide some information on the species, including morphology, distribution, host plant, damaged symptom and its general bionomics, which will be useful data for plant quarantine process and control.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.62-66
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• 2001

Detection of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri (Xac) on citrus fruits for exporting is usually made by bacteriophage test (BPT) to demonstrate the pathogen-free status. BPT has rather time-consuming and complicate procedures for dealing with massive samples to be inspected. In this study, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was applied to detect Xac on fruits, and compared with BPT. In ELISA, positive reactions occurred in the bacterial densities of $3\times10^5$ cells/ml or more. To detect the bacterial infection on citrus fruits with a density of lower than $3\times10^5$ cells/ml, the bacterial suspensions were mixed with fruit rinse water and incubated in broth medium. Ordinary peptone sucrose broth (PSB) was not a proper medium for increasing Xac density specifically enough to be detect by ELISA. On the other hand, modified PSB (MPSP) amended with Fe-EDTA (0.25 g/$\ell$) and 2.5% potato-dextrose broth sufficed to differentiate uninfected and infected citrus fruits by ELISA after 24 h incubation of the fruit rinse water. Using various citrus samples from infected and uninfected fields, efficiencies in detecting Xac on fruits were compared between ELISA and BPT. For infected fruits samples, ELISA detected Xac by 100%, while BPT by about 44%, indicating that the detection efficiency was improved by 23.5% by ELISA, compared to BPT. In addition, ELISA has simpler procedures for testing and is less time-consuming than BPT, suggesting that ELISA may be accurate and simple method to detect Xac on citrus fruits.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2012

Rabies is a major zoonotic disease that causes approximately 55,000 human deaths worldwide on an annual basis. The nucleocapsid protein and glycoprotein genes of the Korean rabies virus (RABV) have been subjected to molecular and phylogenetic analyses. Although the phosphoprotein (P) has several important functions in viral infection and pathogenicity, the genetic characterizations of the P of Korean RABV isolates have not yet been established. In the present study, we conducted genetic analyses of P genes of 24 RABV isolates circulating in the Republic of Korea (hereafter, Korea) from 2008 to 2011. This study revealed that the P genes of Korean RABVs are genetically similar to those of RABV strains of lyssavirus genotype I including V739 (dogs, Korea), NNV-RAB-H (humans, India), NeiMeng925 (raccoon dogs, China), and RU9.RD (raccoon dogs, Russia). Among Korean isolates, the RABV P genes showed low variability in the variable domains among Korean isolates; they had specific consensus sequences and amino acid substitutions capable of identifying geographic characteristics and retained specific sequences thought to be important for viral function. These results provide important genetic characteristics and epidemiological information pertaining to the P gene of the Korean RABV.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.54 no.4
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• pp.253-256
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• 2014

In this study, we describe a case of epitheliogenesis imperfecta (EI) observed in the fetus of Korean native cattle. The fetus had multifocal areas of skin defect, especially on the distal portions of the four limbs, and the affected areas were bright-red and glistening. Histopathologically, these areas were characterized by complete absence of squamous epithelium, infiltration of inflammatory cells into the dermis, atrophy of hair follicles, sebaceous and sweat glands. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of epitheliogenesis imperfecta in Korean native cattle.