• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.389-393
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• 2009

Regional distribution of mistletoe (Viscum album var.coloratum) and its habitual environments were investigated in order to obtain the basal data on the artificial propagation to cope with its increasing consume for medicine. Mistletoes inhabited throughout the overall region of the South Korea investigated. They were parasitic mainly to the Quercus spp. including Q. serrata and rarely to the Castanea crenata var. dulcis, Prunus serrulata var. spontanea, Alnus japonica, and Pyrus pyrifolia, etc. Mistletoes were not observed on the conifers such as Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis and some deciduous broad-leaved trees species such as Zelkova serrata, Diospyros kaki, Acer mono, Acer palmatum, and Morus alba. Their habitats were located from zero to 1,200 m above sea level nevertheless the direction or slope of the mountains, suggesting that artificial propagation can be carried out nation widely to the well-grown parasite tree species. Parasitic specificity related to the physical and chemical characteristic of the epidermal tissues will be studied further.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2000.10b
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• pp.16-17
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• 2000

Aralia elata is found in mountain areas all over Korean peninsula. Aralia elata is the scientific name for Japanese angelica tree. The tree belongs to the family Araliaceae, commonly known as ginseng family. Bud sprouts from apical shoot tip of the plants are rich in flavor and thus mainly used for both folk medicine and vegetable. The stalks with apical buds are gathered in the early spring and planted in sandy soil or water in the greenhouse. The sprouting buds are then collected and sold as fresh vegetable. Although the plants have been used for food, they have been cultivated in a very small scale. In spring, local farmers just go around mountain areas to search the trees and gather the stalks as much as they get and sell them to the market. No conservation efforts have been made to stop the exploitation or to save the dwindling population. We tried to provide local farmers with the plants that may be used as an alternative to stalks from wild populations. This will hel! p conserve the wild populations. However, it is hard to propagate them either by conventional cuttings or by seed germination in a short period of time. Mass propagation using tissue culture systems have shown a great promise with several woody plants. Recently we developed a mass propagation technique via somatic embryogenesis system using mature and/ or juvenile explants for Aralia elata. Several factors affecting somatic embryogenesis system including SE(somatic embryo) induction, embryogenic callus proliferation, SE germination, plant regeneration and transplanting to field will be presented. And some problems arising for the somatic embryogenesis system will be also discussed.lso discussed.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.189-195
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• 2007

Helicteres isora is medicinally important plant effective against asthma, diabetes, hypolipidemia, HIV, besides a good source of diosgenin. Seed dormancy and low rate of natural fruit production make this plant a perfect candidate for developing an in vitro method useful for its clonal propagation and further biotechnological developments. This is the first report on in vitro production of this plant. Nodal explants obtained from aseptically germinated seedlings were cultured on MS medium (Murashige and Skoog 1962) fortified with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) ($0.57-22.83\;{\mu}M$), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) ($0.41-16.58\;{\mu}M$), 6-benzylaminopurine (BA) ($0.44-17.75\;{\mu}M$) and kinetin (Kin) ($0.46-13.94\;{\mu}M$) either singly or in combinations of IAA + BA, IAA + Kin and BA + Kin. Combinations of cytokinins (BA and Kin) were most suitable for multiple shoot induction and $13.94\;{\mu}M\;Kin\;+\;13.31\;{\mu}M\;BA$ was optimum (79% frequency) associated with high number of microshoots (7.1 shoots per explant) after 20 days of culture. Maximum shoot elongation and proliferation (10 shoots per explant with 4.8 cm average height) was achieved on MS media containing $2.32\;{\mu}M\;Kin\;+\;2.22\;{\mu}M\;BA\;+\;2.85\;{\mu}M\;IAA$. High rooting frequency (70%) was achieved on MS medium (1/2 basal strength) fortified with $4.14\;{\mu}M$ IBA, while activated charcoal showed inhibitory effects on rooting. Hardening was done with 76% survival rate and these plants were growing without any visual defects and morphologically mimicking the naturally growing plants.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.182-188
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• 2012

Iris dichotoma Pall. is an important endangered plant belonging to the family Iridaceae. A method was developed for the rapid micropropagation of I. dichotoma through plant regeneration from leaf, rhizome, and root explant-derived calli. Leaf, rhizome, and root segments were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 2,4-dichlorophenoxy acetic acid (2,4-D; $0-3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) for callus induction. Callus production was highest at $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D, where 73.8% and 45.5% of cultured rhizome and root cuttings, respectively, produced calli. The viable calli were maintained at an induced concentration of 2,4-D ($3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$). They were then transferred to MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of 2,4-D ($0-3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) in combination with 6-benzyladenine (BA: 0, 1.0 and $3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$) for adventitious shoot regeneration. The addition of a low concentration of 2,4-D into BA-containing medium significantly increased the frequency of shoot regeneration in leaf, rhizome, and root-derived calli. The highest number of adventitious shoots (26.4 per callus) formed at $0.5mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/l BA. For rooting of the shoots, half- strength MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of indole 3-butyric acid (IBA) $0-3.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ was tested. The optimal results were observed using half-strength MS medium supplemented with $1.0mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ IBA, on which 98% of the regenerated shoots developed roots with an average of 3.5 roots per shoot within 45 days. The plantlets raised in vitro were acclimatized and transferred to soil with 95% success. This in vitro propagation protocol will be useful for conservation and mass propagation of this endangered plant.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2019

Dendrobium candidum Wallich ex Lindley is a traditional Chinese medicine plant and has been widely used for medicinal and ornamental purposes. In this study, several different factors affecting micro propagation of protocorm-like bodies (PLBs) such as basal media, plant growth regulators, and carbon sources. The proliferation PLB derived from seeds was the best in $H_3P_4$ basal medium containing $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ NAA and $0.1mg{\cdot}L^{-1}$ Kinetin. PLB growth was the best when $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose was added to the carbon atoms in the medium. The rate of shoot formation from the propagated PLB was the highest in 1/4 MS or $H_1P_2$ medium containing $10g{\cdot}L^{-1}$ sucrose, and the shoot length was longer than the others.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.49 no.3
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• pp.213-221
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• 2022

Wild garlic (Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum, AVVP) is a nontimber forest product used as an edible and medicinal vegetable. AVVP is usually propagated form offspring bulbs but it takes a long time to harvest. Using tissue culture technology could overcome this problem. This study investigated the optimal conditions for shoot multiplication, root growth, and plant growth by scooping AVVP bulbs. AVVP bulbs harvested from Ulleung Island, Korea, the main producer of AVVP, were surface-sterilized and used for in vitro propagation. Shoot multiplication was performed by the scooping method. More than five multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in Quoirin and Lepoivre (QL) medium containing plant growth regulators (PGRs); the maximum number of multiple shoots were induced from scooped tissue in QL medium containing 0.45 μM thidiazuron (TDZ) after 16 weeks of culture. Roots were induced directly at the base of the shoots in all treatments. In vitro rooting depended on the type of PGRs, and the best root-inducing treatment was QL medium containing 9.84 μM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Plants with in vitro roots were transferred to pots containing artificial soil and successfully acclimatized for 4 weeks. The acclimatized plants showed a survival rate of 80% after 20 weeks and gradually promoted growth depending on the acclimatization period. The results of this study will be of great help to AVVP dissemination through sustainable mass propagation.

• Korean Journal of Plant Tissue Culture
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.103-106
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• 1997

In order to establish a micropropagation system of Naricissus, the ability of bulblet regeneration among propagation materials was compared, and the adequate growth regulators and concentrations for each cultivar were investigated. The inorganic components were also assayed in the parts of propagation materials. In propagation materials, scape with based plates showed hightest rate of bulblet formation and rapid growth of formed bulblets in vitro, comparing to other parts of it. In comparing of varieties, 'Dutch Master' and 'Golden Harvest' showed a high ability for bulblet regeneration. The ability of bulblet regeneration was most favorable in the medium, supplemented with 5.0 mg/L BA and 2.5 mg/L NAA in 'Dutch Master', and 5.0 mg/L BA and 1.0mg/L NAA in 'Golden Harvest', respectively. In inorganic component analysis of propagation materials, the White part of scape contained 1.18 mg/L$P_2O_5$, 2.57 me Ca, 0.94 me Mg and 3.20 mg/L total N. It showed higher levels in concentration of inorganic components as compared to those of the other part of scape. In addition, leaves and yellow part of scape contained significantly high levels of Ca and Mg while scales bulb showed considerably low levels in all inorganic compounds.

• Mycobiology
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• v.51 no.1
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• pp.36-48
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• 2023

Xanthoria elegans is a lichen symbiosis, that inhabits extreme environments and can absorb UV-B. We reported the de novo sequencing and assembly of X. elegans genome. The whole genome was approximately 44.63 Mb, with a GC content of 40.69%. Genome assembly generated 207 scaffolds with an N50 length of 563,100 bp, N90 length of 122,672 bp. The genome comprised 9,581 genes, some encoded enzymes involved in the secondary metabolism such as terpene, polyketides. To further understand the UV-B absorbing and adaptability to extreme environments mechanisms of X. elegans, we searched the secondary metabolites genes and gene-cluster from the genome using genome-mining and bioinformatics analysis. The results revealed that 7 NR-PKSs, 12 HR-PKSs and 2 hybrid PKS-PKSs from X. elegans were isolated, they belong to Type I PKS (T1PKS) according to the domain architecture; phylogenetic analysis and BGCs comparison linked the putative products to two NR-PKSs and three HR-PKSs, the putative products of two NR-PKSs were emodin xanthrone (most likely parietin) and mycophelonic acid, the putative products of three HR-PKSs were soppilines, (+)-asperlin and macrolactone brefeldin A, respectively. 5 PKSs from X. elegans build a correlation between the SMs carbon skeleton and PKS genes based on the domain architecture, phylogenetic and BGC comparison. Although the function of 16 PKSs remains unclear, the findings emphasize that the genes from X. elegans represent an unexploited source of novel polyketide and utilization of lichen gene resources.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.10a
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• pp.522-526
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• 1994

There are great needs for checking machine operation status precisely in the iron and steel plants. Rotating machines such as pumps, compressors, and motors are the most important objects in the plant maintenance. In this paper back-propagation neural network is utilized in diagnosing rotating machines. Like the finger print or the voice print of human, the abnormal vibrations due to axis misalignment, shaft bending, rotor unbalance, bolt loosening, and faults in gear and bearing have their own spectra. Like the pattern recognition technique, characteristic. feature vectors are obtained from the power spectra of vibration signals. Then we apply the characteristic feature vectors to a back propagation neural net for the weight training and pattern recognition.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.151-155
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• 2000

Shoot proliferation was obtained from shoot tips and nodal explants of Vitex negundo L. on MS medium supplemented with either BAP or KIN (0.1-2.0 mg/L) alone or in combination with NAA (0.1 mg/L). The concentrations of cytokinins combined with NAA produced multiple shoots from shoot tips and nodal explants. The highest mean percentage (84.3$\pm$8.0) of shoot multiplication's were observed on nodal explants in the presence of BAP (1.5 mg/L) and NAA (0.1 mg/L) followed by shoot tips (65.0$\pm$5.0). The regenerated shootlets were rooted on MS basal medium IAA, IBA, NAA (0.1-1.5 mg/L). The maximum number of roots (51.0$\pm$2.6) was achieved on the medium containing IBA (1.0 mg/L) followed by other auxins (NAA, IAA). The regenerated plants were successfully transferred to a mixture of vermiculate and soil. About 95% of the plantlets survived when transferred to the field.