• 제목/요약/키워드: plant defense-related genes

검색결과 91건 처리시간 0.023초

Host and Non-Host Disease Resistances of Kimchi Cabbage Against Different Xanthomonas campestris Pathovars

  • Lee, Young-Hee;Hong, Jeum-Kyu
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • 제28권3호
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    • pp.322-329
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    • 2012
  • This study was conducted to investigate host and non-host disease resistances of kimchi cabbage plants to bacterial infection. Kimchi cabbage leaves responded differently to infections with a virulent strain of Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (Xcc) 8004 and two strains (85-10 and Bv5-4a.1) of non-host bacteria X. campestris pv. vesicatoria (Xcv). Non-host bacteria triggered a rapid tissue collapse of the leaves showing as brown coloration at the infected sites, highly increased ion leakage, lipid peroxidation and accumulation of UV-stimulated autofluorescence materials at the inoculated sites. During the observed interactions, bacterial proliferations within the leaf tissues were significantly different. Bacterial number of Xcc 8004 progressively increased within the inoculated leaf tissues over time, while growths of two non-host bacteria Xcv strains were distinctly limited. Expressions of pathogenesis-related genes, such as GST1, PR1, BGL2, VSP2, PR4 and LOX2, were differentially induced by host and non-host bacterial infections of X. campestris pathovars. These results indicated that rapid host cellular responses to the non-host bacterial infections may contribute to an array of defense reactions to the non-host bacterial invasion.

Identification and characterization of the phytocystatin family from Brassica rapa

  • Hong, Joon-Ki;Hwang, Jung-Eun;Park, Tae-Ho;Zang, Yun-Xiang;Lee, Sang-Choon;Kwon, Soo-Jin;Mun, Jeong-Hwan;Kim, Hyun-Uk;Kim, Jin-A;Jin, Mi-Na;Kim, Jung-Sun;Lee, Soo-In;Lim, Myung-Ho
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제35권4호
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    • pp.317-327
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    • 2008
  • Phytocystatins, which are inhibitors of plant cysteine peptidases, are involved in the regulation of protein turnover and in the defense against insect pests and pathogens. Extensive searches in the Brassica rapa genome allowed the prediction of at least eight different phytocystatin genes on seven chromosomes in the B. rapa genome. Structure comparisons based on alignments of the all BrCYS ($\underline{B}$. $\underline{r}apa$ $phyto{\underline{cys}}tatin$) proteins using the CLUSTALW program revealed conservation of the three consensus motifs known to interact with the active site of cysteine peptidases. According to the phylogenetic analysis based on the deduced amino acid sequences, the eight BrCYS proteins were divided into several clusters related to the orthologous phytocystatin. The predicted three-dimensional structure models of the eight BrCYS proteins demonstrate that all of these proteins are similar to the reported crystal structure of oryzacystatin-I (OC-I). Digital northern and RT-PCR analyses indicated that the eight BrCYS genes exhibit different expression patterns in B. rapa tissues and respond differently to abiotic stimuli. The differences in gene structure and expression between the eight BrCYS genes suggest that these proteins may play diverse physiological roles in B. rapa and may interact with cysteine peptidases through different mechanisms.

Microarray와 Network 분석을 통한 병원균 및 스트레스 저항성 관련 주요 유전자의 대량 발굴 (Identification of multiple key genes involved in pathogen defense and multi-stress tolerance using microarray and network analysis)

  • 김형민;문수윤;이진수;배원실;원경호;김윤경;강권규;류호진
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.347-358
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    • 2016
  • 브라시노스테로이드는 식물의 생장과 발육 과정에 있어서 중요한 역할을 담당 할 뿐 아니라 생물학적/ 비 생물학적 스트레스에 대한 복합 저항성을 보인다고 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 브라시노스테로이드와 광범위스트레스 내성을 연결하는 중요한 생물학적 네트워크를 이해하기 위해, Agilent Arabidopsis $4{\times}44K$ oligo chip을 이용하여 브라시노스테로이드 신호가 강화된 bes1-D 계통의 전 전사체 비교분석을 수행하였다. 그 결과 bes1-D 계통에서 DEGs (Differentially Expressed Genes)를 1,091 (562 up-regulated, 529 down-regulated) 개 선발하였다. 또한 선발된 유전자들의 GO 와 단백질 상호작용 네트워크 분석을 통해 대사, 발달, 스트레스, 면역, 방어 반응에 관련된 주요 브라시노스테로이드 신호전달과 연결된 스트레스 관련 유전자군을 분리하였다. 선발된 유전자중 NB-ARC와 FLS2는 bes1-D 계통이 야생형 En-2 계통에 비해 약 6배 정도의 발현량이 증가되었으며, TIR1, TSA1, OCP3 유전자등은 bes1-D 계통이 야생형 En-2 계통에 비해 발현이 감소되었다. 또한 브라시노스테로이드 활성형 계통이 야생형 식물체 계통에 비해 가뭄 스트레스 및 병원균에 대해 저항력이 향상되었다. 따라서 microarray 분석을 통한 유전자 간 발현 네트워크와 유전체 정보를 결합하여 대단위 주요 기능 유전자들을 동정할 수 있는 방법을 고안하여 실험에 사용하였다. 이를 통해 기능 획득 돌연변이 bes1-D가 식물들이 다양한 스트레스 환경에 적응할 수 있는 반응을 조절한다는 사실을 보여주고 있다.

Enhanced fungal resistance in Arabidopsis expressing wild rice PR-3 (OgChitIVa) encoding chitinase class IV

  • Pak, Jung-Hun;Chung, Eun-Sook;Shin, Sang-Hyun;Jeon, Eun-Hee;Kim, Mi-Jin;Lee, Hye-Young;Jeung, Ji-Ung;Hyung, Nam-In;Lee, Jai-Heon;Chung, Young-Soo
    • Plant Biotechnology Reports
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.147-155
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    • 2009
  • Oryza grandiglumis Chitinase IVa (OgChitIVa) cDNA encoding a class IV chitinase was cloned from wild rice (Oryza grandiglumis). OgChitIVa cDNA contains an open reading frame of 867 nucleotides encoding 288 amino acid residues with a predicted molecular weight of 30.4 kDa and isoelectric point of 8.48. Deduced amino acid sequences of OgChitIVa include the signal peptide and chitin-binding domain in the N-terminal domain and conserved catalytic domain. OgChitIVa showed significant similarity at the amino acid level with related monocotyledonous rice and maize chitinase, but low similarity with dicotyledoneous chitinase. Southern blot analysis showed that OgChitIVa genes are present as two copies in the wild rice genome. It was shown that RNA expression of OgChitIVa was induced by defense/stress signaling chemicals, such as jasmonic acid, salicylic acid, and ethephon or cantharidin and endothall or wounding, and yeast extract. It was demonstrated that overexpression of OgChitIVa in Arabidopsis resulted in mild resistance against the fungal pathogen, Botrytis cinerea, by lowering disease rate and necrosis size. RT-PCR analysis showed that PR-1 and PR-2 RNA expression was induced in the transgenic lines. Here, we suggest that a novel OgChitIVa gene may play a role in signal transduction process in defense response against B. cinerea in plants.

Molecular Cloning and Characterization of Sesquiterpene Cyclase cDNAs from Pepper Plant Infected with Phytophthora capsici

  • Kim, Jong-Bum;Lee, Sung-Gon;Ha, Sun-Hwa;Lee, Myung-Chul;Ye, Wan-Hye;Lee, Jang-Yong;Lee, Shin-Woo;Kim, Jung-Bong;Cho, Kang-Jin;Hwang, Young-Soo
    • Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제44권2호
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 2001
  • Pepper plants (Nogkwang, 60-day old) were inoculated with Phytophthora capsici to induce sesquiterpene cyclase associated with the biosynthesis of phytoalexin (capsidiol), a substance related to the defense against pathogens in plants. One day after inoculation, mRNA was isolated from the root, cDNA synthesized, and a library constructed in a ZAP express XR vector. The efficiency was $2{\times}10^6pfu/{\mu}g$. Sesquiterpene cyclase cDNA from Hyoscyamus muticus was labeled with $^{32}P$ and used as a probe for screening the cDNA library. After the third screening, 25 positive clones were selected. Through restrictive digestion and DNA gel-blot analysis, six different cyclase gene expressions were identified. PSC1B sequences of the six clones were determined, which were 1966 base pairs encoded 556 amino acids with an expected molecular weight of 63.8 kDa. Response against the pathogen was different between the resistant and susceptible peppers. After the infection of the pathogen, the expression of PSC genes continued in the resistant peppers while the plants were alive. The expression in the susceptible peppers lasted for only 4 days.

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반복배열된 토마토 phenylalanine ammonia-Iyase(p AL X1, PAL X2) 유전자의 구조해석 (Structural Analysis of Repeated Tomato Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase Gene (PAL X1, PAL X2))

  • 이신우;여윤수
    • Applied Biological Chemistry
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    • 제42권1호
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    • pp.34-38
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    • 1999
  • 토마토의 genome내에는 적어도 5개 이상의 PAL유전자 좌가 존재한다는 사실을 이 등(1992)이 이미 genomic Southern blot hybridization으로 확인하여 보고하였다. 그러나 본 연구에서 제작한 genomic DNA libraries를 대상으로 검색한 결과 기존에 보고된 PAL유전자 이외에 약 15 kb 와 10 kb에 해당하는 큰 EcoRI 단편을 확보 할 수 있었다. 이들 단편을 BamHI, HindIII등 9종의 제한효소를 사용하여 Southern blot hybridization을 행한 결과 PAL X1의 경우는 모든 효소에 대하여 2개의 단편이 hybridization 되었으며, 특히 BamHI으로 절단하여 얻은 3개의 단편중 두 개는 PAL5 유전자의 exon 2 부위에서 취한 oligomer(18 mer)와 primer extension 반응이 진행되어서 약 200 bp의 PAL유전자와 아주 높은 상동성을 갖는 염기서열이 확인되었다. 따라서 PAL X1유전자는 2 copy의 유전자가 나란히 존재하거나 아니면 염색체 재배열이 진행된 것으로 추정된다. 이러한 결과는 적어도 7개 이상의 PAL유전자 좌가 토마토 염색체내에 존재하는 것으로 사료된다.

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A plant-based multivitamin, multimineral, and phytonutrient supplementation enhances the DNA repair response to metabolic challenges

  • Yeo, Eunji;Hong, Jina;Kang, Seunghee;Lee, Wonyoung;Kwon, Oran;Park, Eunmi
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • 제55권4호
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    • pp.450-461
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    • 2022
  • Purpose: DNA damage and repair responses are induced by metabolic diseases and environmental stress. The balance of DNA repair response and the antioxidant system play a role in modulating the entire body's health. This study uses a high-fat and high-calorie (HFC) drink to examine the new roles of a plant-based multivitamin/mineral supplement with phytonutrients (PMP) for regulating the antioxidant system and cellular DNA repair signaling in the body resulting from metabolic stress. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults received a capsule containing either a PMP supplement (n = 12) or a placebo control (n = 12) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 hours after consuming a HFC drink (900 kcal). The blood samples were analyzed for the following oxidative stress makers: areas under the curve reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocytes MDA, urinary MDA, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and the glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio at the time points. We further examined the related protein levels of DNA repair signaling (pCHK1 (Serine 345), p-P53 (Serine 15), and 𝛄H2AX expression) in the plasma of subjects to evaluate the time-dependent effects of a HFC drink. Results: In a previous study, we showed that PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduces the ROS and endogenous DNA damage in human blood plasma. Results of the current study further show that PMP supplementation is significantly correlated with antioxidant defense. Compared to the placebo samples, the blood plasma obtained after PMP supplementation showed enhanced DNA damage response genes such as pCHK1(Serine 345) (a transducer of DNA response) and 𝛄H2AX (a hallmark of DNA damage) during the 8 weeks trial on metabolic challenges. Conclusion: Our results indicate that PMP supplementation for 8 weeks enhances the antioxidant system against oxidative stress and prevents DNA damage signaling in humans.

방사선 스트레스 반응 방어 유전자의 탐색 및 발현 분석 (Expression profile of defense-related genes in response to gamma radiation stress)

  • 박누리;하혜정;사미나단 수브라야;최서희;전용삼;진용태;도옥화;쉬프라 쿠마리;이긍주
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제43권3호
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    • pp.359-366
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    • 2016
  • 자주달개비는 닭의장풀과의 다년생 식물로, 자주달개비의 수술털은 이온화 방사선에 노출될 경우 분홍색 또는 흰색으로 체세포 돌연변이가 쉽게 일어나 방사선 지표식물로 생물학적인 반응 연구 등에 효과적으로 이용되어 왔다. 본 연구에서는, 자주달개비 BNL 4430을 대상으로 50, 250, 500, 1000 mGy에 해당하는 감마선($^{60}Co$)을 조사한 후 13일차에 있는 샘플을 대상으로 만개한 꽃을 채취하여 RNA를 추출하였다. 추출한 RNA를 바탕으로 Illumina Hi-seq를 이용하여 각 선량에 해당하는 전사체 및 특이발현유전자(Differentially expressed genes, DEGs)를 분석하였다. 전사체는 총 77,326개로, 방사선 비처리구에 비해 2배 이상 상향 발현된 유전자는 50 mGy에서 116개, 250 mGy에서 222개, 500 mGy에서 246개, 1000 mGy에서 308개로 밝혀졌으며, 이 중 각 선량별 특이적으로 반응하는 유전자인 heat shock protein 70 famaily protein, IQ-domain 6, KAR-UP oxidoreductase, zinc transporter 1 precursor를 선발하여 13일차의 RNA 샘플을 대상으로 RT-PCR 및 qRT-PCR을 이용하여 저선량 방사선에 반응하는 유전자를 검정하였다. 검정 결과 DEGs data와 매우 유사한 양상을 보였으며, 선량별로 2.3배에서 최대 96.59배의 높은 발현을 확인하였다. 선발한 유전자는 대부분 세포 내 방어기작과 관련이 되어있는 유전자였으며, 이중 KAR-UP oxidoreductase의 경우 A. thaliana에서 발아와 관련이 있는 유전자로 알려져 있었는데, 이번 연구를 통해 저선량 방사선에 의해서 반응하는 유전자로도 확인이 되었다. 저선량 방사선에 노출된 자주달개비의 유전자 정보를 바탕으로, 저선량의 방사선이 식물체에 미치는 영향과 발현 기작을 연구하는 데에 분자적 수준의 정보를 제공할 수 있게 되었으며, 저선량 방사선의 생물학적 안정성 확보를 위한 감시 보조수단으로 자주달개비가 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

애기장대 칼모듈린 결합 단백질 AtCBP63을 발현시킨 형질전환 감자의 무름병 저항성 증가 (AtCBP63, a Arabidopsis Calmodulin-binding Protein 63, Enhances Disease Resistance Against Soft Rot Disease in Potato)

  • 전현진;박형철;구영민;김태원;조광수;조현설;윤대진;정우식;이신우
    • Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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    • 제38권1호
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    • pp.62-68
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    • 2011
  • 원예작물의 생육을 저하시키는 각종 병충해로 인한 과도한 농약과 화학비료의 사용은 환경오염뿐만 아니라 작물의 생산량에도 큰 영향을 미치고 있다. 식물생명공학기술을 이용하여 농약이나 화학비료 사용량을 획기적으로 줄일 수 있는 식물체의 개발, 즉 형질전환을 이용한 분자 육종기술은 병충해 내성 농작물을 개발하여 과도한 화학비료의 사용에 따르는 여러가지 문제점들을 극복할 수 있는 대안으로 대두되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 모델식물인 애기장대에서 분리한 식물생체방어 신호전달에 관련된 AtCBP63 유전자를 감자에 과발현시켰고, 이러한 형질 전환 감자에서 병저항성에 관여하는 유전자인 PR-2, PR-3, PR-5 유전자들의 발현이 증가되어 지속적으로 식물 방어 기작이 활성화되어 있음을 확인하였다. 또한, 감자에서 무름병 (soft rot disease)을 일으켜 막대한 피해를 유발하는 병원성 세균인 Erwinia carotovora subsp. Carotovora (Ecc)를 이용하여 AtCBP63 유전자를 과발현한 감자에 감염시켰을 때, 병 저항성이 증가한다는 사실을 검증하였다. 앞으로, 다양한 곰팡이 균에 대응하여 AtCBP63 유전자를 과발현한 감자에 저항성을 검증하고자 한다.

Characterization of a Salicylic Acid- and Pathogen-induced Lipase-like Gene in Chinese Cabbage

  • Lee, Kyung-Ah;Cho, Tae-Ju
    • BMB Reports
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    • 제36권5호
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    • pp.433-441
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    • 2003
  • A cDNA clone for a salicylic acid-induced gene in Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis) was isolated and characterized. The cabbage gene, designated Br-sil1 (for $\underline{B}$rassica $\underline{r}$apa $\underline{s}$alicylate-$\underline{i}$nduced $\underline{l}$lipase-like 1 gene), encodes a putative lipase that has the family II lipase motif GDSxxDxG around the active site serine. A database search showed that plant genomes have a large number of genes that contain the family II lipase motif. The lipase-like proteins include a myrosinase-associated protein, an anther-specific proline-rich protein APG, a pollen coat protein EXL, and an early nodule-specific protein. The Br-sil1 gene is strongly induced by salicylic acid and a non-host pathogen, Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato, that elicits a hypersensitive response in Chinese cabbage. Treatment of the cabbage leaves with BTH, methyl jasmonate, or ethephon showed that the Br-sil1 gene expression is induced by BTH, but not by methyl jasmonate or ethylene. This indicates that the cabbage gene is activated via a salicylic acid-dependent signaling pathway. An examination of the tissue-specific expression revealed that the induction of the Br-sil1 gene expression by BTH occurs in leaves and stems, but not in roots and flowers. Without the BTH treatment, however, the Br-sil1 gene is not expressed in any of the tissues that were examined.