• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.25-35
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• 2023

Plants are a traditional source of many chemicals used as biochemical, flavors, food, color, and pharmaceuticals in various countries, especially India. Most herbal medicines and their derivatives are often made from crude extracts containing a complex mixture of various phytochemical chemical components (secondary metabolites of the plants). This study aimed to identify bioactive compounds from the different parts of the plant from the ethanolic extract of Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis (leaves, flower, stem) by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis revealed the presence of various compounds like 3,4-dimethylcyclohexanol, hexanoic acid, D-mannose, and N-decanoic acid. Hence, the Gymnema sylvestre, Senna auriculata, and Cissus quadrangularis may have chemopreventive, anti-cancer, anti-microbial activity, antioxidant, anti-diabetic activity, anti-inflammatory, and antifungal due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the ethanolic extract. These phytochemicals are supported for traditional use in a variety of diseases.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.92-99
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• 2003

96-well plate를 사용해서 DPPH free radical 소거활성의 고효율검정 (high throughput screening)방법을 확립하였고, 이 방법을 이용하여 107개의 식물특정 효소저해제와 다양한 식물 추출물의 항산화활성을 조사하였다. DPPH free radical 소거활성 측정 측정을 위한 적정 시험조건은 총 반응액이 $250{\mu}L$일 경우 $100{\mu}M$의 DPPH(pH 7.8), 20 분의 반응시간이었고, 이 조건하에서 ascorbate와 a-tocopherol 은 농도 의존적인 항산화활성을 나타내었다. 107개의 식물 특정효소저해제 중에서 11개의 화학물질이 $100{\mu}M$ 농도에서 70% 이상의 항산화활성이 있었는데, 특히 ampicillin과 gallic acid는 각각 90.2% 와 92.6% 의 나타냈다. 또한 100개의 식물 추출물은 $50{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 70% 이상의 활성을 보이는 추출물이 11개이었는데, 그 중에서 AT-407의 활성이 90.1%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 따라서 96-well plate를 이용한 DPPH free ra 이때 소거활성 측정방법은 여러가지 합성물질이나 다양한 천연물질에 대하여 보다 간편하고 신속하게 항산화활성을 측정할 수 있을 것으로 사료되었다.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제60권3호
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• pp.315-322
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• 2021

충북 청주지역에서 채집된 작은소피참진드기(Haemaphysalis longicornis)에 대하여 다양한 식물체 메탄올 조추출물과 천궁유래 물질들을 이용하여 살비활성과 기피활성을 조사하였다. 총 24종의 식물추출물을 이용한 작은소피참진드기에 대한 살비활성을 조사한 결과, 천궁(Cnidium officinale)에서 93.3%의 살비율로 가장 높은 활성을 보였으며, 기피 효과의 경우 도라지, 미국자리공, 백목련, 어성초, 천궁, 칡잎 등에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 기피 및 살비활성이 가장 높은 천궁의 메탄올추출물을 용매 분획한 물질들과 천궁 유래물질인 butylidenephthalide의 활성을 비교한 결과, 헥산(hexane)층 처리 3일 후에 90%의 높은 살비효과를 보였으며 기피반응도 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 천궁유래물질인 butylidenephthalide은 처리 7일 후에 90%의 살비활성을 보였고 T-tube olfactometer 실험에서 모든 작은소피참진드기가 무처리구로 이동하여 기피활성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 본 연구결과는 천궁 조추출물과 천궁유래물질인 butylidenephthalide를 이용하여 작은 소피참진드기의 방제 개발에 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권11호
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• pp.965-972
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• 2020

한국, 중국, 일본에 분포한 지렁쿠나무는 관절염 치료제로 동양의 민간요법에 사용되었다. 본 연구에서는 지렁쿠나무의 건강기능성 식품, 화장품 및 식품 보존료 등의 기능성 소재로 개발하기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 지렁쿠나무의 잎, 가지 부위를 메탄올 추출물로 제조하여 총 폴리페놀 및 총 플라보노이드 함량을 측정하고, 항산화 활성, α-glucosidase 저해 활성 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성과 항염증 활성을 검증하였다. 지렁쿠나무 추출물의 총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량은 1.52±0.1 mg/g and 1.73±0.1 mg/g로 측정되었고, DPPH와 ABTS radical 소거 활성은 처리 농도가 증가함에 따라 농도 의존적으로 소거 효과를 나타냈으며, 각각 IC₅₀ 값이 124.0 ㎍/ml (DPPH), 85.6 ㎍/ml (ABTS)로 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. 또한, α-glucosidase 저해활성 및 tyrosinase 저해 활성은 각각 IC₅₀ 값이 183.5 ㎍/ml와 323.9 ㎍/ml로 우수한 억제 활성을 보였다. 게다가 RAW 264.7 cell에서 LPS로 염증을 유발시켜 nitric oxide (NO) 억제효과 실험에서 지렁쿠나무 추출물의 IC50 값을 측정하였을 때 NO 생성을 농도의존적으로 저해하는 농도는 36.7 ㎍/ml이고, 추출물 100 ㎍/ml의 농도에서도 독성을 나타내지 않는 것으로 확인되었다. 이상의 결과로부터 지렁쿠나무 추출물은 항산화, 항염증, 미백, 및 항당뇨 효능을 확인할 수 있었으며, 이는 지렁쿠나무가 기능성 식품, 화장품 및 의약품 소재로서의 활용 가능성을 시사한다. 또한, 지렁쿠나무로부터 생리활성물질의 분리 동정과 메커니즘 규명에 관한 연구가 수행되어야 할 것으로 판단된다.

• 셀메드
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.4.1-4.4
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• 2014

Gynura segetum, family Asteraceae is a cultivated species and can be found growing in the tropical regions of Indonesia and Malaysia. The plant is known for its use for the treatment of cancer, inflammation, diabetes, hypertension and skin afflictions. In the current study, anti-inflammatory effect of Gynura segetum leaf has been investigated. The present study investigated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect of Gynura segetum leaf by using hen's egg test-chorioallantoic membrane (HET-CAM) assay. Different solvent extract of Gynura segetum leaf were tested, the most active methanol extract was further fractionated and tested. Among the extracts tested, the methanol extract showed a significant good anti-inflammatory effect (76.8% inhibition at 50 ${\mu}g/disc$) on the HET-CAM assay as compared with the anti-inflammatory drug indomethacin (82.1% inhibition). However, the fractionated sample exhibited a significantly lower activity in comparison to crude methanol extract. The results demonstrated that Gynura segetum leaf displayed remarkable anti-inflammatory effects, which support the folkloric uses of this plant for treatment of inflammation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.325-328
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• 2001

Gelatin particle agglutination test (GPAT) was used to detect Cymbidum mosaic virus (CymMV) in Cattleya plants. Gelatin particles were coated with purified anti-CymMV immunoglobulin of 25-100 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml and were subjected to several different concentrations of purified CyMfV as well as varying dilutions of orchid leaf extracts. The GPAT detected purified CymMV up to a minimum concentration of 10 $\mu\textrm{g}$/ml. CymMV was detected from crude sap extract of infected Cattleya leaves and roots up to 1:51,200 and 1:25,600 dilutions, respectively. However, the optimum range of leaf and root sap dilutions was between 50-100. Non-specific reactions were not encountered from any of the healthy orchid plants tested. The entire GPAT process was completed within 2-3 hours. This test was found to be very useful for the detection of CymMV in orchids because it is sensitive, economical, and easy to perform.

• 한국식물병리학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 1998

Gladioli (Gladiolus hybridus) showing flower colour breaking, leaf mosaics, necrotic fleck, and dwarfing or lack of visible symptoms were collected from gladioli growing areas in Taegu and Kyungpook province, Korea. The two viruses isolated from the naturally infected gladioli were identified as ban yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) and clover yellow vein virus (CIYVV) by their host range, immunosorbent electron microscopy (ISEM), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), direct tissue blotting immunoassay (DTBIA) and intracellural symptoms. In ultrathin sections of BYMV and CIYVV infected tissues, laminated aggregate-type inclusions, cytopalsmic bodies and nuclear inclusions as well as filamentous virus particles were observed in the cytoplasm of parenchyma cells. By DTBIA and ISEM, BYMV was detected in all tested gladiolus plants showing severe or mild mosaic symptoms, whereas CIYVV were mainly detected from those of mild mosaic symptoms. BYMV is the most prevalent in commercial gladioli and present major production problems. Detection sensitivity of BYMV and CIYVV in crude sap of infected gladiolus leaves by ISEM was about twice compared with ELISA. In a comparison of ELISA, ISEM, DTBIA, BYMV was detected in same degree by DTBIA in samples where sap extracts were positive in both ELISA and ISEM. DTBIA provides a specific, rapid, and simple tool for large-scale diagnosis of BYMV.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.81-85
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• 2007

White Muscardine is the most common fungal disease of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. caused by the pathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana (Balsamo) Vuillemin. In the present investigation, an attempt has been made to screen locally available medicinal/ weed plants against Beauveria bassiana. Among the plant extracts (PE) tested, 5% aqueous crude extract of the bulb of Allium sativum (Garlic) has been found to be most effective against Beauveria bassiana. The radial growth of Beauveria bassiana in vitro was inhibited to the tune of 54.9% in aqueous extract and 54.4% in ethanolic extract of Allium sativum and correspondingly mycelial dry weight gave rise to 110.7 mg and 108.7 mg against 201.7 mg in control 15 days post treatment. Similarly, silkworm larvae topically inoculated with the Beauveria bassiana conidia ($1.8{\times}10^6/ml$) registered survival up to 53.0% against 0.0% in control after treatment with aqueous extract of Allium sativum. Simultaneously, as a preventive measure, silkworm larvae were put to rear in conidia contaminated seat paper instantly treated with aqueous extract of Allium sativum that also increased survival up to 61.0% against 4.6% in control. It is also observed that the plant extract is absolutely innocuous to silkworm.

• 식물병연구
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.99-103
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• 2003

본 연구는 국내산 은행나무(Ginkgo biloba) 뿌리, 열매껍질, 가지 등 부위별 추출물의 진균류, 일반세균 및 해충에 대한 생물활성을 조사하였다. 연구 결과 푸른곰팡이 병균(T.harzianum) 및 대장균(E.coli) 등에 대해 200 ug/disc 농도에서 저해활성을 나타냈으며, 줄기부위가 더 높은 항미생물활성을 보였다. 특히 버섯 배양상 표면에 1mg/ml 수준으로 처리할 경우 푸른 곰팡이병의 발생을 상당히 억제시키는 효과를 나타냈다. 한편, 은행나무 부위별 추출물을 500 ug/ml으로 공시 해충을 처리하였을 경우 대부분의 추출물이 살충활성을 보이며 벼멸구, 배추좀나방, 두점박이응애에 대해 높은 살충활성을 나타냈으며, 특히, 벼멸구에 대해서 8ug/ml의 낮은 농도에서도 살충활성을 나타냈다. 본 연구결과 국내산 은행나무 추출물이 항미생물 및 살충활성이 확인되었는 바 식물유래 병해충 방제용 천연물 농약으로서의 잠재성을 보여주었다.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.165-170
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• 2006

The antifungal activity of crude methanolic extract and fractions from Yucca smalliana Fern. leaves, roots and flowers were investigated in vitro against a panel of plant pathogenic fungi. The minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC) was determined by an agar dilution method. Preliminary liquid culture and agar plate assays showed that the growth of Fu sarium oxysporum, Phytophthora capsici, Rhizoctonia solani and Botrytis cinerea were inhibited by Y. smalliana extracts. The extracts from flowers and leaves showed antifungal activity of 64.0% and 34.0% against F. oxysporum, 66.0% and 62.0% against P. capsici, and 27.0% and 41.0% against B. cinerea, respectively. The methanolic extract from Y. smallina leaves in distilled water was fractionated using solvents of increasing polarity: hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol. These fractions had a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, found to reside entirely in the butanol and aqueous fraction. The aqueous fraction showed inhibition rate of 60.0, 67.8, 84.6 and 58.3% against F. oxysporum, R. solani, C. gloeosporioides, and B. cinerea, respectively, and the butganol fracgtion showed 36.0, 46.0, 66.1 and 58.3%, respectively. Phenolics(e.g. flavonoids, steroids and terpenoids) were observed in the thin layer profile of the different fractions. Leave extract showed a prominent antioxidant activity totally scavenging the free radical of DPPH at a concentration of 1 mg/ml.