• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.31-35
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• 2010

In this experiment, the effects on the growth and the quality of cut flowers of chrysanthemum 'Jinba' were mainly concerned depending on cultural methods between the pinching and the non-pinching. According to the results, the sufficient period of the vegetative growth was necessary to enter the flower bud differentiation in case of the non-pinching cultivation whereas it was not the case on the pinching. As compared with the pinching, the non-pinching showed 10% higher in the flowering ratio after flower bud differentiation. The flowering ratio of the non-pinching exceeded more than 95% but the pinching showed below 95% of the flowering ratio after flower bud differentiation. Comparing the number of cutting flowers between pinching and non-pinching, it was the non-pinching that showed the production of the first grade cutting flowers about 5 weeks faster than that of the pinching. It seem to be possible that harvesting time and growing period could be shortened. In the non-pinching growing region, above third-grading marketable cut flowers was 100% regardless of planting time. On the contrary, the pinching method showed 84.7% of marketable cutting flowers at first week from the planting, followed by 64.3% at second week, 18.8% at third week, and 2.6% at fourth week. Marketability of cutting flowers indicates that were planted by the pinching is very poor. When draw a comparison between the fourth-week planting of the non-pinching with the first-week planting of the pinching, the non-pinching could cut the growing period 38 days shorter than the pinching and the marketability was better. These results indicate that the non-pinching method can shorten the growing period and harvesting time compared to the pinching and it also resulted in reduction of cost and rapid production of the cutting flowers.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.189-194
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• 2011

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of pinching time on growth and quality of Glycyrrhiza uralensis soil cultured in Chungbuk Agricultural Research and Extension Service from 2008 to 2009. The treated pinching time were given as the June 30, July 30, August 30, and non-pinching (control). The amounts of pinching were 20% of stem length each plant. The obtained results from this study were summarized as follows; The plant height and number of branches were higher in control than pinching treatments. The stem and leaf weight were increase with early pinching. The plant height and stem diameter were not affected by pinching time. There was no regular trends in runner growth. We found that pinching was induced root growth, and early pinching was accelerated root growth. The root yield was increased in JUN and JUL pinching treatments as 11-30% in 2 years plants and 6-11% in 3 years plants compared to control as 238 kg/10a and 432 kg/10a, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.21 no.12
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• pp.127-132
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• 2004

It is very important to find out causes of strip pinching for the high quality of products and fer the stable operation of rolling system. We have examined the strip pinching from three points of view to find out the causes of strip pinching in rolling system: strip shape, rolling operation conditions, and behavior of strip. Wedge, off center, and difference of rolling force through CMD(Cross machine direction) are found to possibly provide major initial causes of strip pinching. Generally strip pinching occurred in the tail of strip. Thus, computer simulations by using a FEM code were also carried out to find out the initial mechanism of strip pinching depending upon the force and geometric boundary conditions at the time of strip tail rolling. The strong compression force effect due to the sudden release of strip tail from the work roll and non-uniform strip tail shape (ex. Fish tail) across the CMD were found to provide possible major causes of strip pinching.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2003.06a
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• pp.1091-1096
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• 2003

It is very important to find out causes of strip pinching for the high quality of products and for the stable operation of hot roiling system. We have examined the strip pinching from three points of view to find out the causes of strip pinching in hot rolling system: strip shape, rolling operation conditions, and behavior of strip. Wedge, off center, and difference of rolling force through CMD are found to possibly provide major initial causes of strip pinching. Generally strip pinching occurred in the tail of strip. Thus, computer simulations by using a FEM code were also carried out to find out the initial mechanism of strip pinching depending upon the force and geometric boundary conditions at the time of strip tail rolling. The strong compression force effect due to the sudden release of strip tail from the work roll and non-uniform strip tail shape (ex. Tongue tail) across the CMD were found to provide possible major causes of strip pinching.

• FLOWER RESEARCH JOURNAL
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.88-92
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• 2009

This experiment was conducted to find out the effects of pinching on shoot growth, flowering and covering of Lonicera sempervirens growth in containers. 180 cm high pinching of plants increased shoot length compared to 60 cm low pinching and decreased lateral shoot numbers, but there was no difference in branch numbers by the pinching methods. Covering rates of the pergola were 85% with 60 cm low pinching, 74% with 120 cm middle pinching, and 62% with 180 cm high pinching. The pinched plants continued to flower from the middle of May to the middle of September. The first flowering time was in the middle of May in low pinching and in the early of June in middle and high pinching. The lower pinching height and the earlier pinching time induced earlier flowering time, and the peak flowering of pinched plants was in mid-August. To cover over 85% of the pergola screen with 3.0 m wide and 2.2 m high, two plants per 1 m needed to grow and to pinch at 60 cm height.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.119-122
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• 2015

The experiment was carried out to examine the effect of pinching time on growth and marketable yield of okra in rain shielding vinyl houses. Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus L., 'Green sod') seedling was transplanted in May, 2013. Pinching times of okra were in each 30th, 45th, 60th day after transplanting of okra. Shoot branch and top fresh weight were significantly different between each pinching times. Top fresh weight were highest at 60th day pinching time after transplanting investigated, and were lowest at 30th day pinching time after transplanting. There was no significant difference in plant height and stem length among pinching times. According to pinching times, marketable yield and number of okra fruits were varied. Marketable yields were highest at 60th day after transplanting, whereas were lowest at 30th day after transplanting. Mineral concentrations of okra fruits were not significantly different among pinching times. Therefore pinching times 60th day after transplanting was effective to increase yield of okra fruit in rain shielding vinyl houses.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.21-25
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• 2004

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effect of apex removal at different leaf ages on the growth and yield of broccoli in pinching cultivation. Apex was pinched when 2, 3 or 4 true leaves were spread during nursery bed, and non-pinching was conventional method. The plant height was not different among treatments but the fresh weight was decreased as the pinching days were delayed. The numbers of leaves and lateral shoots were increased compared to those of non-pinching by pinching. Days to central budding were shortended by 3 days when pinched at 2 true leaves spreading stage than those of non-pinching. Central (1st) head weight was heaviest when pinched at the time of 2 true leaves spreading (157g). Total head weight was heaviest when pinched at the time of 2 true leaves spreading (378g), and lowest at 4 true leaves spreading stage (196g). Marketable yields were increased by 48% when pinched at the time of 2 true leaves spreading (1,754kg) as compared with those of non-pinching (1,184kg) and lowest when pinched at the time of 4 true leaves spreading (820kg). Also, first harvest was shortended by 6 days by pinching at 2 true leaves spreading stage.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.268-275
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• 1996

To produce edible Codonopsis shoots in spring, the effect of shoot pinching times on root yield and quality of Codonopsis was evaluated during 3 years from 1992 to 1994. Shoot growth decreased by increasing picking times and one time pinching of Codonopsis shoot was optimal for seed production. In case of 3 times shoots harvest per year. yield of edible Codonopsis shoots amounted to 29.5MT/ha for 3 years. Increase of shoot picking times exerted harmful effect on root growth and decreased marketable value of harvested shoots. It was recommended from the results. One-time pinching of shoot a year for the production of marketable shoots and roots after 3-year cultivation.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.45-62
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• 1993

This study was aimed to obtain the available information for the clothing constru- ction according to the traits of the cerebral palsied. For this purpose, their abilities of eleven methods seven of fastening performance and seven finger functions were tested and their correlationships were clarified. The results are as follows : 1. The length of time needed to perform each fastening method in descending order is as follows : small button > small snap > culumn button > large button > middle button > large snap > separating zipper > velcro. As the spastic has better function than the athetoid in the performance of all fastening methods, there was a significant difference between the types of handicap and between the handi- capped and the normal, except for velcro fastening style in which there was no significant differ- ence between the types of handicap. 2. In finger functions of the cerebral palsied, according to the types of handicap there was no significant difference among grip, palm fixation and hands coordination, howefer there were significant differences among pulp pinching, lateral pinching, finger rolling and lifting control. As to the correlation between the ability of fastening performance and finger function, there was a high significant correlation between the length of time needed to perform each fastenting and finger function of hands co ordination, and that of finger rolling; and there was a significant correlation between the length of time and pulp pinching, and laternal pinching.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.391-394
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• 2000

Girdling and girdling+pinching treatments on 'Sekaiichi' apple remarkably reduced June drop and accelerated fruit growth in early stage of fruit development. Girdling+pinching and pinching reduced bourse shoot growth compared with non-treated control. There were no significant differences in flower bud formation in the following year among treatments. It was assumed that the optimum period for girdling is between 5 days before full bloom and full bloom period.