• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.23 no.10
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• pp.1445-1453
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• 2013

The scale-up criterion of constant oxygen mass transfer coefficient ($k_La$) was applied for the production of itaconic acid (IA) in a 50 L pilot-scale fermentor by the fungal cells of Aspergillus terreus. Various operating conditions were examined to collect as many $k_La$ data as possible by adjusting the stirring speed and aeration rate in both 5 L and 50 L fermentor systems. In the fermentations performed with the 5 L fermentor, the highest IA production was obtained under the operating conditions of 200 rpm and 1.5 vvm. Accordingly, we intended to find out parallel agitation and aeration rates in the 50 L fermentor system, under which the $k_La$ value measured was almost identical to that ($0.02sec^{-1}$) of the 5 L system. The conditions of 180 rpm and 0.5 vvm in the 50 L system turned out to be optimal for providing almost the same volumetric amount of dissolved oxygen (DO) into the fermentor, without causing shear damage to the producing cells due to excessive agitation. Practically identical fermentation physiologies were observed in both fermentations performed under those respective operating conditions, as demonstrated by nearly the same values of volumetric ($Q_p$) and specific ($q_p$) IA production rates, IA production yield ($Y_{p/s}$), and specific growth rate (${\mu}$). Specifically, the negligible difference of the specific growth rate (${\mu}$) between the two cultures (i.e., $0.029h^{-1}$ vs. $0.031h^{-1}$) was notable, considering the fact that ${\mu}$ normally has a significant influence on $q_p$ in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites such as itaconic acid.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.303-305
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• 2003

Scale-up of hirudin production from Saccharomyces cerevisiae from bench-scale to pilot-scale was carried out based on constant volumetric oxygen transfer coefficient (K$\sub$L/a). Fed-batch mode of cultivation using step-wise feeding strategy of galactose was employed for the production of hirudin in a 30-L and a 300-L pilot-scale fermentor. The final hirudin concentrations were achieved 390 mg/L and 286.1 mg/L, and the volumetric productivities were 80.4% and 90.7% with the 30-L and 300-L fermentors, respectively, compared to the productivity of the 5-L bench-scale fermentor.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.371-374
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• 2002

Production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)［P(3HB/V)］, by fed-batch culture of recombinant Escherichia coli harboring a plasmid containing the Alcaligenes latus polyhy-droxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis genes, was examined in two pilot-scale fermentors with air supply only, In a 30 L fermentor having a XLa value of 0.11 S­$^1$, the final P(3HB/V) concentration and the P(3HB/V) content obtained were 29.6 g/L and 70.1 wt%, respectively giving a productivity of 1.37 g P(3HB/V)/L-h. In a 300 L fermentor having a XLa of 0.03 S­$^1$, the P(3HB/V) concentration and the P(3HB/V) content were 20.4 g/L and 69 wt%, respectively giving a productivity of 1.06g P(3HB/V)/L-h. These results suggest that economical production of P(3HB/V) is possible by fed-batch culture of recombinant E. coli in a large-scale fermentor having low KLa value.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 2001

Trichoderma reesei Rut C-30 produced high levels of ${\beta}$-glucosidase, endo-${\beta}$-glucosidase, endo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase, and exo-${\beta}$-1,4-glucanase. In pilot-scale production (50-1 fermentor), productivity and yield of CMCase (carborymethyl cellulose) and FPase (filter paper activity) were 273 U/ml and 35 U/ml, and 162 FPU/l.h and 437 FPU/g, respectively. The fed-batch techniques were used to improve enzyme activities with constant cell concentration. The acidity was an important parameter and controlled at pH 3.9 and 5.0 by automatic addition of ammonium hydroxide. Cellulase powder was prepared by ammonium sulfate precipitation and its CMCase and FPase activities were 3,631 U/g and 407 U/g, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Applied Microbiology Conference
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• 1976.10a
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• pp.186.3-187
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• 1976

섬유소단세포단백의 공업적 생산을 위하여 실험적인 결과를 토대로하여 Jar Fermentor에 의한 scale up 실험을 하였고, pilot plant scale의 발효조를 이용하여 대량생산 실험을 하였는 바 그 결과를 발표하고자 한다. 1. 배양중 생성되는 유기산을 중화하기 위하여 주입되는 암모니아의 소비량과 균체농도는 배양종반을 제외하고는 거의 비례하였으며 암모니아소비량으로 균체생육 정도를 간접적으로 판단할 수 있었다.(중략)

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.80-84
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• 1994

In order to induce the rapid alcohol fermentation through the increases of the cell density in a continuous alcohol fermentation of naked barley, the single-cultivation with S. cerevisiae IS-019(SCM, ordinary control), mixed-cultivation with Saccharomyces uvarum IS-026 having a flocculent ability and S. cerevisiae IS-019(MCM), and mash recirculation by single-cultivation of S. cerevisiae IS-019(MRM) modes were investigated. The cell mass in the mixed-cultivation mode was about 10% higher than that of ordinary control but the final alcohol yield was slightlyl decreased. When recycled the mash with the flow rate of 7 l/h from V$_{6}$ to V$_{5}$ fermentors under the ordinary control, the cell density was distributed at 140~170$\times $10$^{6}$ cell/ml depending upon the fermentorsorders, higher about 20% than that of the ordinary control. Under these conditions the alcohol productivity of the maximum and the overall was 12.16 g/l$\cdot $h with an alcohol of 7.6% at the V$_{5}$ fermentor and 1.19 g/l$\cdot $h with an alcohol of 8.94%, respectively. For higher cell mass it was more effective to apply the mash recirculation mode with the single-cultivation of S. cerevisiae IS-019 in a pilot scale multi-stage CSTR.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.14-18
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• 1989

As the final experiment to assess the possibility of industrial application of FSC14-75, ethanol productivity from liquefied sweet potato starch was examined in a pilot scale of 300 liters. FSC14-75 produced 6.6％(v/v) of ethanol from 13.3％ of liquefied sweet potato starch in 8 days, and the residual sugar was 3.15％. The corresponding efficiency was 70％ of the theoretical maximum. Since we could isolate unicellular cell and flocculent cell from the fermentation broth, we designated them FSC14-75(S) and FSC14-75(F), respectively. We investigated ethanol productivity of FSC14-75(F) compared with that of FSC14-75(S) from liquefied potato starch in a mini·tar tormentor scale of 2.5 liters. FSC14-75(F) was found more favorable than the counterpart in terms of ethanol productivity, and produced 8.1％(v/v) of ethanol from 15％ of liquefied potato starch with an efficiency of 75％. In a pilot scale fermentation with 15％ of liquefied sweet potato starch, ethanol productivity of FSC14-75(F) reached maximum level of 7.7％(v/v) after 8 days, and the residual sugar was 1.9％. However, the ethanol productivity was not enhanced by a supplementary addition of Thermamyl to the fermentation broth after sterilization.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.677-680
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• 1992

The effects of pH, temperature and oxygen transfer rate(OTR) on L-Ieucine fermentation were investigated employing Corynebacterium glutamicum CH 1516 in 71 fermentor. The optimum pH, temperature and OTR were determined to be 7.0, $30^{\circ}C$ and 0.21 kmole $O_2$/$m^3{\cdot}hr$, respectively. For the values of OTR lower than 0.19 kmole $O_2$/$m^3{\cdot}hr$ a significant amount of lactic acid was accumulated, while the packed cell volume(PCV) was rapidly increased at higher OTR values above 0.23 kmole $O_2$/$m^3{\cdot}hr$ and glutamic acid was produced to some extent. Scale-up studies for L-Ieucine fermentation which was carried out in 12001 pilot scale fermentor reaffirmed the results of 71 fermentation. The optimum redox potential value for L-Ieucine production was found to be -150 to -170 mY.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.243-248
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• 2004

Production of (R)-3-hydroxybutyric acid (R3HB) by fed-batch culture and continuous culture of metabolically engineered Escherichia coli harboring Ralstonia eutropha PHB biosynthesis and depolymerase genes was examined in a 30 1 pilot-scale fermentor. A new stable two-plasmid system, pBRRed containing the R. eutropha PHB depolymerase gene and pMCS 105 containing the R. eutropha PHB biosynthesis genes, was developed. Among a variety of E. coli strains harboring plasmids, recombinant E. coli XL-10 Gold (pBRRed, pMCS105) was able to produce R3HB with the highest efficiency in a batch culture. By the fed-batch culture of recombinant E. coli XL-10 Gold(pBRRed, pMCS 105) in a 30 1 fer-mentor, the final R3HB concentration was 22.4 g/l giving a productivity of 0.97 g/l-h. To produce R3HB to a high concentration with high productivity, a new strategy of fed-batch culture followed by a continuous culture was investigated. The maximum productivity and R3HB concentration were 5.06 g/l-h and 25.3 g/l, respectively. These results show that economical production of R3HB is possible by recombinant E. coli in large scale.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.1638-1644
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• 2007

The effect of carbon sources on tacrolimus production by a mutant strain of Streptomyces clavuligerus CKD 1119, an isolate from soil, was examined. Among the carbohydrates and oils tested in this work, a mixed carbon source of soluble starch and com oil was the best. An analysis of the culture kinetics also showed that, in contrast to the carbohydrates, the com oil was consumed later in the antibiotic production phase, implying that the oil substrate was the principal carbon source for the biosynthesis of tacrolimus, and this was directly proven by experiments using $^{14}C$-glucose and $^{14}C$-oleate substrates. Furthermore, com oil induced the formation of lipase by the mutant strain, whereas the addition of glucose significantly repressed lipase activity. The lipase activity exhibited by the FK-506-overproducing mutants was also observed to be directly proportional to their tacrolimus yield, indicating that a high lipase activity is itself a crucial factor for tacrolimus production. A feasibility study with a 200-1 pilot-scale fermentor and the best strain (Tc-XII-15322) identified in this work revealed a high volumetric and specific productivity of about 495 mg/l and 0.34 mg/mg dry mycelium, respectively.