• 대한화장품학회지
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.303-316
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• 2018

플루오레세인 구조를 갖는 잔틴계 염료의 형광안료로의 응용 가능성 및 제조되는 안료들의 광학 특성 조절 가능성을 확인하기 위하여 본 연구를 진행하였다. 안료 제조에는 수용성 잔틴계 염료인 eosin Y (D&C Red No.22), phloxine B (D&C Red No.28)를 주로 사용하였으며, 염료를 용매에 용해시켜 분체와 분산, 교반하고 이를 건조시켜 분쇄함으로써 안료를 제조 하였고, 제조된 안료들에 대해서는 형광과 관련한 광학 특성을 측정하였다. 사용한 용매의 종류, 염료의 함량, 그리고 염료의 혼합 투입 비율에 따라서 안료의 광학적 특성이 변함을 관찰하였다. 실험 결과에 따르면, 분체에 흡착된 염료 중 일부분이 형광 발색을 하며, 나머지는 형광에 기여하지 않는 것으로 보인다. 안료를 구성하는 분체-염료 계 내부의 결합 (혹은 상호작용) 세기와 그 특성을 파악하기 위한 안료 수세실험 결과, 안료 계 내에는 서로 다른 2개 이상의 상호작용이 존재하며, 그 중 하나는 용매-염료 상호작용보다 비교적 강하였다.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.35-40
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• 2003

본 시험은 천연 및 합성 착색제의 첨가가 브로일러의 사양성적, 착색도 및 기계적인 색도에 미치는 영향을 비교하기 위하여 실시하였다. 시험 기간중 이용된 사료는 단백질과 에너지를 동일한 수준으로 배합하였으며, 사료내 xanthophylls 함량은 약 8.54g/ton이었다. 본 시험에 이용한 브로일러는 총 450수로 10처리, 처리당 15수씩 3반복하였으며, 총 6주간 시험하였다. 시험 결과 증체량, 사료섭취량 및 사료효율은 천연 및 합성 착색제간에 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 착색제 첨가에 따른 폐사율은 착색제 첨가수준이 높을수록 낮았으며, 합성착색제보다 천연착색제가 우수하였다. 착색도 첨가에 따른 도체율, 복강지방 및 근위무게는 처리간 차이가 없었다. 정강이 피부의 착색도는 착색제 첨가수준이 증가할수록 높았으며(P<0.05), 합성착색제가 천연착색제보다 착색효율이 우수하였다. 정강이육과 피부에 있어서 기계적 색도는 착색도와 일정한 연관성이 없었다. 본 시험의 결과만으로 미루어 착색제 첨가는 육색에 대한 소비자들의 선호도를 감안한다면 첨가하는 것이 효율적이라고 판단된다.

• 한국펄프종이공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국펄프종이공학회 2006년도 PAN PACIFIC CONFERENCE vol.2
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• pp.215-225
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• 2006

Today's requirements for print-press runnability and print quality demand an optimised absorption and adhesion of printing ink on the paper surface. Modern coating concepts for high glossing offset grades use ultra fine pigments, whereas binder level has continuously been decreased to a minimum in recent years to achieve the highest possible sheet gloss development and for economical reasons. Both the ultra fine pigments and the reduced binder levels lead in many cases to a faster ink setting rate. On the other hand, matt paper grades use relatively coarse pigments leading to a slow ink setting compared to the high glossing papers. Both too fast and too slow ink setting properties implicate drawbacks in print quality and print press runnability. The mechanisms behind the interactions between ink and coating have been presented in many previous publications. The purpose of this study was to determine and quantify how the ink setting rate is influenced by pigment system (GCC and GCC/clay blends), latex level and latex properties in the topcoat of double coated sheet fed offset paper. The roles of binder level and type in the precoat were also assessed. The effect of calendering (temperature and pressure) was studied with one formulation. The resulting ink setting characteristics were tested using three different laboratory testing instruments. The correlation amongst the different laboratory testing methods is discussed. The results show that by varying the latex properties, the pigment system and/or latex addition level, the ink tack development of ink applied to a topcoat pigment system can be significantly influenced. It can be slowed down as often desired with ultra fine pigments or speeded up in the case of coarse pigments. There was no visible effect on the ink setting rate by using different binder systems in the precoat..

• 대한안전경영과학회지
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• 제9권6호
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• pp.197-204
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• 2007

Ceramic pigments were developed by using 4 kinds of Brass scraps. Each Brass scraps were mixed with same weight-ratio of Husk ash, and fine-ground by Rotate ring mill(RRG-120, Armstech industrial. co. Ltd, Korea) after firing at $900^{\circ}C$, $1000^{\circ}C$ and $1100^{\circ}C$. As a result, analysis of particle size of synthetic pigments by particle size analyser, they are $3{\mu}m$ as average. The resulting pigments were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR, SEM Structure of the crystals are Zn2SiO4,, and ZnO, Cu2O, CuO, and cristobalite are existed and particles' shape are plate or needle. As a result of analysis of chemical composition by XRF, synthetic pigments have high SiO2 and CuO content and have SnO2, ZnO and NiO, too. 1wt%, 3wt% and 5wt% pigments were added in each lime glaze, lime-barium glaze and lime-magnesia glaze, and fired at oxidation and reducing atmosphere to figure hue in glazes out. As a result of analysis of color, chroma and brightness by UV, colors of glazes fired at oxidation atmosphere turned into green from sky blue, and colors of glazes fired at reducing atmosphere turned into pink and red.

• Mycobiology
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.269-277
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• 2018

The production of water-soluble pigments by fungal strains indigenous to South Korea was investigated to find those that are highly productive in submerged culture. Among 113 candidates, 34 strains that colored the inoculated potato dextrose agar medium were selected. They were cultured in potato dextrose broth and extracted with ethanol. The productivity, functionality (radical-scavenging activities), and color information (CIELAB values) of the pigment extracts were measured. Five species produced intense yellowish pigments, and two produced intense reddish pigments that ranked the highest in terms of absorbance units produced per day. The pigment extracts of Penicillium miczynskii, Sanghuangporus baumii, Trichoderma sp. 1, and Trichoderma afroharzianum exhibited high radical-scavenging activity. However, the S. baumii extract showed moderate toxicity in the acute toxicity test, which limits the industrial application of this pigment. In conclusion, P. miczynskii KUC1721, Trichoderma sp. 1 KUC1716, and T. afroharzianum KUC21213 were the best fungal candidates to be industrial producers of safe, functional water-soluble pigments.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제45권4호
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• pp.214-219
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• 2008

The zirconia ceramics are widely used because of their excellent mechanical properties. Recently, many researches to make a colored zirconia was achieved to satisfy the individual aesthetic requirements. In this study, the synthesis of black-color spinel-based inorganic pigments which are stable above $1400^{\circ}C$ and the fabrication of black-colored zirconia using the synthesized pigments are investigated. Inorganic pigments which have spinel structure and near black color were synthesized by a solid state reaction method using a $Fe_2O_3,\;Cr_2O_3$, CoO and NiO powder as a starting materials at $1600^{\circ}C$. Most of synthesized pigments were black colored spinel phases and single spinel phase was successfully synthesized at the composition range of $Cr_2O_3:25{\sim}35%,\;Fe_2O_3:45{\sim}55%$, CoO:20% and NiO:$6{\sim}10%$. The black-colored zirconia was fabricated at $1410^{\circ}C$ with the 5 wt% synthesized pigments and their properties were evaluated. The results showed that the strength value was more than 848 MPa, absorption rate was 0.1%, the brightness of color was $L^*:40{\sim}42$, the tone of color is $a^*:0.2{\sim}0.8$ and $b^*:-1.1{\sim}2.4$. As a result, the black-colored zirconia was suitable for a artificial jewelry or decoration zirconia goods.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.17-24
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• 1958

Since Kesser first described in 1934 the functional change of the autonomic nervous system caused by certain visible rays many researchers have unanimously approved that animals flashed with a red visible ray develop parasympathicotony while those flashed with a blue visible ray develop sympathicotony. On the other hand through studies made by our colleagues it is now well known that the inner-movement of the retinal pigments of frogs is stimulated in sympathicotony and is in reverse inhibited in parasimpathicotony. It is almost evident that the mechanism by which the inner-movement of the retinal pigments is due to sympathicotony derived from the excessive secretion of adrenalin. In addition , through may recent experiments on the pharmacological action of various medicines on the retinal pigments reaction of tadpoles , ranging from the excessive secretion of adrenalin. In addition , through my recent experiments on the pharmacologtical action of various medicines on the retinal pigments reaction of tadploes, raging from every developmental stage , Ifound that the movement of the retinal pigments by adrenalin is predominant in the earlier developmental stages of taopoles around 11 mm of body length, whereas other medicines fail to give any responce to the retinal pigments in such an earlier stage. When tadpoles grown to body length of 15-16m the retinal pigments move to the complete light position while kept in adrenalin solution. Based on these facts it might be well to consider that if tadpoles were grown under the visible rays for a given period, they might show a functional change of the autonomic nervous system and thereby cause of certain change in the physciological phases of the retinal reaction. Experiments were undertaken to find this matter and also to discover the simultaneous effects of the visible radiations on the developmental process of tadpoles. The results summarized as follows ; 1. The longest wave of visible rav has an effective reaction on the growth of body length of taopoles, while the shortest wave of visible ray causes the same for the metamorphoric differentiation of tadpoles. 2. When keeping two groups of tadpoles the first group of 15 mm body length grown for the period of one week and the latter group of 20 mm body length grown for two weeks under the various visible rays. swimming in adrenalin solution, the inner-movement of the retinal pigment occurs in both groups. The movement of pigments of the first group is accelerated in a sequence of blue ray \ulcorner green ray > brown ray> red ray, and that of the latter group is also accelerated in a sequence of blue ray>green ray > brown ray and red ray. 3. When keeping tow groups of tadpoles, the first group of 20 mm body length grown for the period of two weeks, the latter group of 25 m body length grown for three wheeks, under the various visible rays in sunlight, the inner-movement of the retinal pigments occurs in both groups. The movement of pigments of the first group is accelerated in a sequence of blue ray> green ray>brown ray and red ray, and that of the latter group is also accelerated in a sequence of blue ray > brow ray>red ray. 4. In order words, there facts manifest that tadpoles grown under the various visible rays reveal functional disturbances of the autonomic nervous system, at the time of 15 mm body length by adrenalin solution, which is a unique indicator illustrating the status of sympathicotony, and at the time of 20 mm body length by sunlight. This means that the longest visible ray cause sympathicotony, while the shortest visible ray causes parasympathicotony.

• Journal of Photoscience
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.33-36
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• 2002

In vertebrate rhodopsins the glutamic acid at position 113 serves as a counterion to stabilize the protonated retinylidene Schiff base linkage and to shift the spectrum to the visible region. Invertebrate rhodopsins and retinochrome have the amino acid residue different from glutamic acid or asparatic acid at this position and therefore, these pigments may have a counterion at different position. We first investigated the counterion in retinochrome by site specific mutagenesis. The results showed that the counterion is the glutamic acid at position 181, where almost of all the pigments including vertebrate and invertebrate rhodopsins in the rhodopsin family have a glutamic acid or an aspartic acid. In vertebrate rhodopsins, however, Glu 181 does not act as a counterion, and the red-sensitive cone pigments have a histidine at this position, which serves as a chloride-binding site for red-shift of the absorption spectrum. These findings suggested that the role of Glu181 as a counterion may be weakened by the newly acquired counterion at position 113. Taken together with our recent studies on an invertebrate-type rhodopsin, the rhodopsin diversity was discussed from viewpoint of counterion.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.134-138
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• 1993

Monascus anka 732Y3 was induced from Monascus anka KFCC 11832 (IFO 4478, ATCC 16360) by ultra-violet light irradiation. The growth of this new fungus is frequently more dependent on sexual propagation than asexual propagation, compared with that of its parental strain, M. anka KFCC 11832. Less conidia than those of M. anka KFCC 11832 were observed by a microscope. The optical density of the red pigments ($OD_{500}$) produced by M. anka 732Y3 was 157, which was about 10 times higer than that of M. anka KFCC 11832. Such high production of the red pigments by the mutant could be explained by the following observations.

• 한국염색가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국염색가공학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.199-203
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• 2004

The azo red pigments for textile printing containing amino-N-substituted benzamide derivatives as diazo components and 2-hydroxy-3-naphthoyl derivatives as coupling components were prepared. They have been printed on cotton, and the fastness, such as light, washing, dry cleaning, rubbing and heat stability was estimated. The new azo red pigments were valuable colorants in case of textile printing.