• Journal of applied mathematics & informatics
• /
• v.42 no.3
• /
• pp.483-497
• /
• 2024

Isometric array grammar is one of the simplest model to generate picture languages, since both sides of its production rule have the same shape. In this paper, we have introduced isometric fuzzy regular array grammars to generate isometric fuzzy regular array languages and discussed its closure properties. Also, the relation between isometric fuzzy regular array grammar and boustrophedon fuzzy finite automata has been discussed. Moreover, we study the relation between two dimensional fuzzy regular grammars with returning fuzzy finite automata and boustrophedon fuzzy finite automata. Further, the hierarchy results of these three classes of languages have been discussed.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2005.11a
• /
• pp.131-135
• /
• 2005

Previous studies on the bilinguals' lexical selection have suggested some evidence in favor of language-specific hypothesis. The purpose of this study was to see whether Korean-English bilinguals' semantic systems of Korean and English are shared or separated between the two languages. In a series of picture-word interference tasks, participants were to name the pictures in Korean or in English with distractor words printed either in Korean or English. The distractor words were either semantically identical, related, unrelated to the picture, or nonexistant. The response time of naming was facilitated when distractor words were semantically identical for both same-(Naming pictures in English/korean with English/Korean distractor words) and different-language pairs(Naming pictures in English with Korean distractor words and vice versa). But this facilitation effect was stronger when naming was produced in their native language, which in this case was Korean. Also, inhibitory effect was shown when the picture and its distractor word were semantically related in both same- and different-language paired conditions. These results show that bilinguals'two lexicons compete to some extent when selecting the target word. In this viewpoint, it can be concluded that the lexicons of either languages may not be entirely but partly overlapping in bilinguals.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.57
• /
• pp.59-72
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to see whether Korean-English bilinguals' semantic systems of Korean and English are shared or separated between the two languages. In a series of picture-word interference tasks, participants were required to name the pictures in Korean or in English with distractor words printed either in Korean or English. The distractor words were any of identical, semantically related, or neutral to the picture. The response time of naming was facilitated when distractor words were semantically identical for both same- and different-language pairs. But this facilitation effect was stronger when naming was produced in their native language, which in this case was Korean. Also, inhibitory effect was found when the picture and its distractor word were semantically related in both same- and different-language paired conditions. From these results it can be concluded that semantic representations of Korean and English may not be entirely but partly overlapping in bilinguals.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.157-169
• /
• 2014

This study sought to explore the types of predictable pattern books are suitable for reading aloud, the differences between English and translated Korean picture books in terms of their characteristics of speakability and the meaning of sentences. This study investigated a total of 112 picture books. The predictable pattern types were analyzed specifically, compared with onomatopoeia, mimetic words, repetition, rhyme, the shift of sentence and style types. The results indicated that predictable pattern books could be classified into eight types and the number of sentences in translated books increased owing to the difference of sentence structure. In terms of speakability, words in repetition, onomatopoeia and mimetic words represented higher frequency except rhyme because of the difference of characteristics of the two languages. Furthermore, translations used strategies of the shift in sentence and style types for speakability. These findings demonstrate that predictable pattern books can serve as good materials to read aloud for young children not only in terms of English picture books but also translated books regardless of concerns regarding their speakability.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
• /
• v.6 no.6
• /
• pp.1088-1099
• /
• 2003

The syntax-directed translation using semantic actions is frequently used in construction of compiler for text programming languages. it is very useful for the language designers to develop compiler back-end using a syntax structure of a source programming language. Due to the lack of the integrated representation method for a parse tree node and modeling method of syntax structures, it is very hard to construct compiler using syntax-directed translation in visual languages. In this Paper, we propose a visual language compiler generation method for constructing a visual languages compiler automatically, using syntax-directed translation. Our method uses the Picture Layout Grammar as a underlying grammar formalism. This grammar allows our approach to generate parser efficiently u sing And-Or-Waiting Graph and encapsulating syntax definition as one unit. Unlike other systems, we suggest separating the specification and the generation of semantic actions. Because of this, it provides a very efficient method for modification.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.14 no.4 s.51
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2005

Digital technology continually makes a space evolves. The real-time behavior design communicates the data with the situation of circumference of the space(visitors moving, interior and exterior situations). The space form was changed because it interfaces in real time. The purpose of this study was finding out the characteristics of real-time behavior space design through the analysis of space formative languages, sensorium, S-R and material. This study will be the one of basic references for the digital space design. The boundary of this study set limits to the works of digital space designer who applies the real-time exchanging data to their design among the digital space design works from 1996 to 2004. But it excepted from the real-time behavior space in virtual realty. Therefore, the objects of this study were the works of onl and NOX(paraSITE, Trans-port 2001, Muscle, MotormeCCa, Handdrawspace, Saltwater Pavilion, Son-O-House, H2O Expo). The method was the contents analysis of space formative languages(Greg Lynn's ten space formative languages; bleb, blob, branch, flower, fold, lattice, teeth, shred, skins and strand), sensorium, S-R and material. The results of the study are as follows: 1) The organizational elements; Space formative languages(bleb, blob, fold, shred, skins, strand), stimulation(Human Participation, Human Moving, Weather Conditions), and response(Spatial Moving, Sound Pattern, Lighting Pattern, color Pattern, Activating Particles, Moving Picture, Virtual Friend) 2) The material Use; Sound, lights, and network have been used in the space. Immaterial matter will be used the main material of space design in 21"'century, 3)The spatial types; formal changing of space, projecting immaterial elements, and changing the sound.

• Proceedings of the KSPS conference
• /
• 2007.05a
• /
• pp.180-182
• /
• 2007

The present study was carried out to investigate how two languages are represented and processed for the late Korean-English bilinguals. To this end, we compared the naming times of Korean-English bilinguals on a series of the picture-word interference tasks. The entire experiment is divided into four parts, each of which required participants to name the pictures in Korean or in English with distractor words visually presented either in Korean or English. The distractor words were semantically related or unrelated to the picture. The results showed that, in different language conditions (L1 naming-L2 distractor, L2 naming - L1 distractor), there was only numerical difference between semantic related and unrelated condition. In same language conditions (L1 naming-L1 distractor, L2 naming-L2 distractor), however, significant semantic interference effect occurred. And, the interference effect was stronger in the L1 distractor condition than in the L2 distractor condition. These results suggest that the semantic processing of L1 and L2 for the late bilinguals are independent each other.

• Research in Mathematical Education
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.267-278
• /
• 2015

The study is about the influence of literal, symbolic and graphics languages on mathematics reading. The results show that the scores of symbolic language volume are significantly lower than that of literal language volume. The abstractness of the mathematical symbols will not have a significant impact on the students with excellent mathematical academic, but as for the medium and poor students, abstract mathematics symbols will cause their cognitive impairment. Due to picture-superiority-effect, the test scores of the graphics language volume are significantly higher than that of the symbolic language volume. Graphics language will have a significant impact on the excellent and medium students, but has no impact on the poor students.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
• /
• 2001.10a
• /
• pp.174-177
• /
• 2001

The automated computer-aided drafting technique is attempted for drawing process pictures of axisymmetric solid forgings which are mainly used in automobile industry. For this study basic concepts to draw the shape of an element are described and applied to the 2-dimensional and 3-dimensional modeling of forged parts. 2-dimensional display of process pictures is developed by using AutoLISP language in AutoCAD software of a drafting technique and 3-dimensional view of process pictures is based on the UG/open API and UG/open GRIP languages of Unigraphics software. Testing the developed program to forging of bolts and ballstuds, it was shown to give good results to be applicable in forging industry.

• Korean Journal of Child Studies
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.185-200
• /
• 1998

This research examined the development in Korean children of the comprehension of complex sentences. The relative difficulty in comprehension of the temporal conjunctions "before" and "after" was investigated. The order of mention, contextual support, and syntactic appearance was controlled. The role of cognitive strategies and developmental changes in the comprehension of these conjunction was included in this study. Subjects were 90 preschool children between 3 and 5 years of age. The task was a sentence-picture matching problem having 3 types of sentences combining temporally with "before" or "after". The results were that developmental changes in comprehension of the temporal conjunctions "before' and "after" in Korean children depended on the order of mention, contextual support, and such syntactic factors as the position of the subject of the sentence. The importance of the consistency in the occurrence of events and the order of mention in the acquisition of complex sentences among Korean children is similar to the acquisition of complex sentences in other languages.