• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.71-76
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• 2009

Salivary lipocalin (SAL1) is a member of the lipocalin protein family that has a property to associate with many lipophilic molecules. The importance of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs has been suggested by our previous study which has shown that SAL1 is expressed in the uterine endometrium in a cell type- and implantation stage-specific manner and secreted into the uterine lumen. However, function of SAL1 in the uterus during pregnancy in pigs is not known. To understand SAL1 function in the uterus during pregnancy, we generated recombinant porcine SAL1 protein in an insect cell line. Porcine SAL1 cDNA was cloned into a baculovirus expression vector using RT-PCR and total RNA from uterine endometrium on day 12 of pregnancy, and the expression vector was used to generate recombinant Bacmid containing the SAL1 gene. The recombinant Bacmid was then transfected Sf9 cell to produce recombinant baculovirus. By infecting Sf9 cell with recombinant baculovirus, we established a SAL1-expressing insect cell expression system. Immunoblot analysis confirmed SAL1 expression in the infected cells. Recombinant SAL1 produced by the Sf9 cell line will be useful for understanding physiological function of SAL1 during pregnancy in pigs.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

A strain YB-10 was isolated from soil as a producer of the extracellular $\beta$-D-galactosidase, which catalyzes the hydrolysis of lactose. The strain YB-10 was identified as Streptomyces sp. on the basis of its cultural, morphological and physiological properties. After treating culture supernatant of the isolate with ammonium sulfate, the precipitated protein was used as a crude $\beta$-galactosidase for analyzing its reaction properties with para-nitrophenyl-$\beta$-D-galactosidase(pNP-$\beta$Gal) as a substrate. The $\beta$-galactosidase showed its maximal activity at pH 6.0 and 6$0^{\circ}C$. The enzyme was also active on lactose. The hydrolyzing activity of $\beta$-galactosldase for pNP-$\beta$Gal and lactose was decreased by galactose. Its hydrolyzing activity far lactose was also decreased by glucose, but the activity for pNP-$\beta$Gal was increased to 1.8-folds by glucose.

• Journal of Aquaculture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 1996

In order to study the effects of dietary E. compresa on the growth and blood properties in young Israeli strain of common carp (mean. 8 g BW.). Fish were fed the commercial diet (control) and three experimental diets, $1\%,\;5\%\;and\;10\%$ of E. compressa powder were added to the control diet. After four months of feeding trial fish were bled by cardiac puncture and some hematological parameters were analyzed as physiological indices. 1) Following supplementation, positive responses in plasma albumin and glucose levels, and decreased body weight gain, feed efficiency and hematocrit. 2) Condition factor (fatness) in creased up to $50\%$, but decreased with $10\%$ supplementation. 3) Hb, GOT and GPT did not show any remarkable difference among all diet groups.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.819-825
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• 2003

pharbitis nil and Taraxacum mongolicum are representative herbs that have been used for cancer treatment in Korean traditional medicine. To understand the molecular basis of the antitumor function, we analyzed the effect of these herbs on proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells using a gastric cancer cell line AGS. Cell counting assay showed that pharbitis nil strongly inhibit cell proliferation Of AGS whereas Taraxacum mongolicum exhibit no detectable effect on cellular growth. [³H]thymidine uptake analysis also demonstrated that DNA replication of AGS is suppressed in a dose-dependent manner by treatment with pharbitis nil. Additionally, tryphan blue exclusion assay showed that Pharbitis nil induce apoptotic cell death of AGS in a dose-dependent. To explore whether anti antiproliferative and/or proapototic property of Pharbitis nil is associated with their effect on gene expression, we performed RT-PCR analysis of cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes. Interestingly, mRNA expression levels of c-Jun, c-Fos, c-Myc, and Cyclin D1 were markedly reduced by Pharbitis nil. Taraxacum mongolicum also showed inhibitory action on expression of these growth-promoting protooncogene but there effects are less significant, as compared to Pharbitis nil. Furthermore, it was also found that Pharbitis nil activates expression of the p53 tumor suppressor and its downstream effector p21Waf1, which induce G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, our data demonstrate that Pharbitis nil induce growth inhibition and apoptosis of human gastric cancer cells and these effects are accompanied with down-and up-regulation of growth-regulating protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, respectively. This observation thus suggests that the anticancer effect of Pharbitis nil might be associated with its regulatory capability of tumor-related gene expression.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.301-305
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• 2012

The purpose of this study is to investigate effects of Anisi stellati Fructus Water Extract on hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages. Anisi stellati Fructus were extracted by hot water. Effects of Anisi stellati Fructus water extract (AS) on hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 were measured by dihydrorhodamine 123 assay after 20, 24, 28, 44, 48, and 52 h incubation at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$. For 20 h incubation, AS significantly increased hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells by $108.6{\pm}1.56%$, $109.5{\pm}1.94%$, $108.4{\pm}1.14%$, and $107.3{\pm}3.06%$ at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ (P < 0.05) respectively. For 24, 28, 44, 48, and 52 h incubation, AS also significantly increased hydrogen peroxide production in RAW 264.7 cells at the concentrations of 10, 25, 50, and $100{\mu}g/mL$ (P < 0.05). These results suggest that Anisi stellati Fructus has the immune - enhancing property related with its increase of hydrogen peroxide production in macrophages.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.98-112
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• 1996

Tho purpose of this study was to investigate hygienic and comfortable properties of socks. Materials are nine summer socks either frequently being worn or new products recently introduced to market. Three female and three male adults participated in this study. Through wearing experiment, the numbers of microbes on foot and sock were counted and subjective sensation was measured. The microbes were isolated and identified based on growth physiological characteristics. Nine different socks had smaller number of bacteria of sock than that of foot. The number of bacteria of sock was significantly related with that of foot in cotton socks, in piled cotton socks, in mesh cotton socks, in cotton+ nylon+ linen blended socks, in nylon socks. Total number of bacteria of tv cut finished socks was most small and total number of bacteria was increased in the order of ultra fresh finished socks, untreated cotton socks, nylon socks, cotton + nylon+ linen blended socks, mesh cotton socks, polyester+ nylcn+ linen blended socks, piled cotton socks, cotton socks. Total number of bacteria of cotton socks and piled cotton socks were significantly different from that of uv cut finished socks. Finished socks and .jocks has high air permeability had significantly small number of bacteria. Comfortable sensation in nylon socks and polyester+nylon+linen socks was significantly uncomfortable. The way socks finished and air permeability of .jocks affected theirs hygienic property, while fiber type of them affected comfortablene, is. Bacteria identified were Staphylo coccus aureus, S. au rice larir, S. cahn ii, S. ep ids midis, S. haemo Iyticus, S. h am in 2's. S.fapraphyticus, S. warnery, 1 cinetobater calcoaceticus bio. anitratus, p.reudomonas mendocina, p. paucimobilis, Flavimonas Q ryzihabitans (CDC Group VE-2), and Xanthomanas maltophina. Fungi isolated were Spicaria sp., Thrichoderma sp., Fusarium sp., Aspergillus sp., Epicoccum sp., Cladosporium sp., and Penicillium sp..

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.69-83
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• 2009

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze sexual permissiveness in order to solve the problems it creates for setting up desirable sexual culture. Methods: This study used Walker and Avant's methods for concept analysis. Results: Sexual permissiveness is the favorable attitude that is agreed upon and accepted as physiological, socio-cultural, and moral sexuality of an independent human who was born in man or woman. The property of sexual permissiveness that is accepted overall the humans are sex generously, change over the course of growth. sex consciousness, and attitudes toward sexual activity change based on race, age and religion etc. The values and beliefs of individuals that were formed in social and cultural background are bipolar. It is mutually agreed upon and accepted that volunarary activities should be spontaneous. The antecedents of sexual permissiveness included achievement of sexual development, establishment of the relationship, and mutual agreement between them. The consequences included mature relationship with others, meeting sexual needs, and raising sexual problems. Conclusions: These results suggest further studies are required that refine the diverse attributes of the concept of sexual permissiveness. The sexual education and enlightenment should be conducted at the period of secondary sex character.

• Proceedings of the Microbiological Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.68-72
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• 2002

While the biosynthetic gene cluster encoding the pigmented antibiotic actinorhodin is present in the two closely related bacterial species, Streptomyces lividans and Streptomyces coelicolor, it normally is expressed only in S. coelicolor---generating the deep blue colonies responsible for the S. coelicolor name. However, multiple copies of the afsR2 gene, which activates actinorhodin synthesis, result in the ability of S. lividansto also synthesize large amounts of actinorhodin. Here we report that the phenotypic property that historicially distinguishes these two Streptomycesspecies is determined conditionally by the carbon source used for culture. Whereas growth on glucose repressed actinorhodin production in S. lividans, culture on solid media containing glycerol as the sole carbon source dramatically increased the expression of afsR2 mRNA---leading to extensive actinorhodin synthesis by S. lividansand obliterating its phenotypic distinction from S. coelicolor. afsR2 transcription under these conditions was developmentally regulated, rising sharply at the time of aerial mycelium formation and coinciding temporally with the onset of actinorhodin production. Our results, which identify media-dependent parallel pathways that regulate actinorhodin synthesis in S. lividans, demonstrate carbon source control of actinorhodin production through the regulation of afsR2 mRNA synthesis. The nucleotide sequences of afsR2 revealed two putative important domains; the domain containing direct repeats in the middle and the domain homologous to sigma factor sequence in the C-terminal end. In this work, we constructed various sized afsR2-derivatives and compared the actinorhodin stimulating effects in S. lividans TK21. The experimental data indicate that the domain homologous to sigma factor sequence in the C-terminal end of afsR2 plays a critical role as an antibiotic stimulating function. In addition, we also observed that the single copy integration of afsR2 regulatory gene into S. lividans TK21 chromosome significantly activates antibiotic overproduction.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2020

A eukaryotic microalga was isolated from seawater in Janghang Harbor, Korea and its morphological, molecular, and physiological characteristics were investigated. Due to its simple morphology, no distinctive characters were found by morphological observation, such as light microscope or scanning/transmission electron microscopy (S/TEM). However, molecular phylogenetic evidence inferred from the concatenated small subunit (SSU) 18S rRNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data indicated that the isolate belonged to the newly described Micractinium singularis. Furthermore, it was clustered with Antarctic Micractinium strains and it also showed a psychrotolerant property, surviving at temperatures as low as 5℃. However, its optimal growth temperatures range from 15℃ to 25℃, indicating that this microalga is a mesophile. Additionally, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis showed that the isolate was rich in nutritionally important omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid, and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis (HPLC) revealed that the high-value antioxidant lutein was biosynthesized as an accessory pigment by this microalga, with glucose as the major monosaccharide. Therefore, in this study, a Korean marine M. singularis species was discovered, characterized, and described. It was subsequently added to the national culture collections.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.649-653
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• 2008

The aqueous extract from Asiasari radix (AEAR) was used to investigate the effect of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone induced melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melnoma cells. The treatment with AEAR at the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml level significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of melanin without changes of cell growth and morphology compared with untreated control. The AEAR-treated cells at the 2.0 mg/ml level were more efficient than commercial arbutin at 0.1 mg/ml. The tyrosinase activity also significantly decreased in AEAR-treated cells at the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml level. The Western analyses confirmed the slightly decreased expression of tyrosinase by AEAR treatment. These results indicate that AEAR may contribute to the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis through regulating tyrosinase activity and expression and serve as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.