• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.309-316
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• 2009

목적: $^{18}$F-FDG PET/CT는 다양한 장관내 악성 종양을 발견하는데 높은 민감도를 보이고 있다. 하지만 $^{18}$F-FDG가 다양한 형태로 장관 내 생리적, 병리적 섭취증가를 보이기 때문에 그 특이도는 낮다. 이 연구는 장관 내 국소적인 $^{18}$F-FDG 섭취증가를 보일 때 생리적 섭취와 병리적 섭취를 감별하는 데 있어 추가 지연(dual time point) $^{18}$F-FDG PET/CT의 임상적 유용성을 알아보고자 하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2007년 1월부터 2008년 6월까지 장관 내 국소적인 섭취증가를 보여 추가 지연 촬영 $^{18}$F-FDG PET/CT를 실시한 132명(남:여=77:55, 나이 62.8$\pm$11.6세)을 대상으로 하였다. $^{18}$F-FDG 정맥 주사 후 50-60분 후에 조기 영상을 촬영하였고, 정맥 주사 후 4-5시간에 국소 섭취 증가 부위를 포함하고 있는 복부 부위에 대해 추가 지연 촬영을 실시하였다. 초기 영상에서 보였던 국소적 섭취가 지연 영상에서 보이지 않거나 이동하였을 경우에는 생리적 섭취증가로 간주하였고, 지연 영상에서 지속적으로 관찰되는 섭취증가에 대해서는 대장내시경과 병리조직 검사를 실시하였다. 지연 영상에서 지속적으로 관찰되는 장관 내 섭취에 대해서는 각각 Suvmax값과 조기 영상과 지연 영상의 Syvmax값의 차이($\Delta$%Suvmax)를 계산하였다. 결과: 132명의 환자에서 153개의 국소적 섭취증가병소를 관찰할 수 있었다. 이 중 72개 병소에서는 지연 영상에서 섭취 증가가 사라져 생리적 섭취로 판단할 수 있었다. 조기 영상에서만 보였던 생리적 섭취는 맹장을 포함한 오름 결장에서 가장 많이 관찰되었다. 지연 영상에서도 지속적으로 섭취증가를 보인 81개 병소에서 61개는 악성 종양으로 확진되었고, 14개는 양성 질환으로 확인 되었다. 나머지 6개의 병소는 대장내시경에서 특이소견을 보이지 않아 생리적 섭취로 확인되었다. 악성 종양은 $\Delta$%Suvmax가 20.8%$\pm$18.7%로 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였고, 반대로 리 악성에서는 3.7%$\pm$24.2%로 감소하였다. 가장 유용한 진단적 가치를 주는 요소는 $\Delta$%Suvmax 임을 확인하였고, 악성과 비악성 질환을 감별하는데 임계수를 -5%로 정하였을 때 가장 좋은 민감도, 특이도, 정확도를 보였다. 결론: $^{18}$F-FDG PET/CT를 이용한 추가 지연 촬영은 생리적 섭취와 병리적 섭취를 감별하는데 있어 검사의 특이도를 높이고 불필요한 검사를 줄일 수 있는 유용한 비침습적 방법으로 생각된다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.204-221
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• 1999

Due to the ever increasing life-span of human beings, the average woman is living well into her 70's. Henceforth, they spend at least one-third of their life after menopause. Climacteric encompasses the time preceding, during, and proceeding menopause : a transitional period of shifting from the period of being fertile to the period of senescence. In other words, this is the time at which they lose the ability to reproduce. Menopause can influence a woman's sexual life immensely due to the physiological, social, and psychological changes that occur during that period. In korea, where some women still live according to Confucian Culture in terms of sexology, nurses can play a vital role in the dissemination of sexual facts to women. This study was designed to clarity the characteristic and satisfaction of sexual life. This was done according to the classification of three types of climacteric women : pre-meno-pausal, menopausal, and post-menopausal. I studied 159 climacteric women between the ages of 45 & 59, living in or around the vicinity of Taegu City. This study utilized the investigative tools for sexual life patterns which were constructed with field experts' consultation and reference review by the author. The sexual satisfaction was translated from DSFI. The climacteric symptoms were invented by Kupperman, This research is descriptive. The data was collected between July 15, 1998 and October 14, 1998. Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA and Pearson Correlations, and was computed with the SPSS program. The results obtained are summarized as follows; The frequency of sexual activity was highest in pre-menopause and declined after menopause. The frequency of genital caressing declined after menopause. The difference between the frequency of masturbation and coital pain was not significant according to the classification set forth in this experiment. Congruently, the frequency of orgasms declined after menopause. The mean satisfaction of sexual life is 27.1 years. The range of expected score is 9-45 years of age. Satisfaction was highest in the pre-menopausal group and proved to be statistically significant. Some of the general characteristics that affected the satisfaction a woman's sexual life in the climacteric stage during this project were ; age, income, satisfaction in younger pre-menopausal and the large income group than the other experimental groups. The climacteric symptoms were conversely correlated with the satisfaction in one's sexual life.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.241-251
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• 1991

In order to investigate the effect of Panax ginseng extract and it's degree in mucociliary change of mice nasal septum epithelia exposured to sulfur dioxide, 96 ICR male mice were used. They were at first divided the 4th week, the 8th week or the 16th week groups according to the age after birth and 6 hour or 12 hour groups according to the $SO_2$ gas exposured hour in a day, and at control, 50mg, 100mg and 200mg injection groups according to the dosage of the freeze-drying powder of the ginseng extract which was injected into the mouse peritoneal cavities in the condition of the solution solved with physiological saline solution. Each subgroups which were divided finaly included 4 male mice. The histological tissue sections for observation were made from nasal septum, posterior nasal orfice and trachea. The results obtained by experiments were summarized as followings. 1. The loss of the nasal mucosa epithelial cilia of the mouse exponsure to the $SO_2$ gas after ginseng extract injection was apparently diminish eompare to those exposured only $SO_2$ gas without pretreatment of ginseng extract (p<0.01). 2. The inhibition effect for the loss of nasal mucocilia according to the ginseng extract dosages not found in this research (p>0.05). 3. There were differences in the loss of nasal mucosa cilia according to the $SO_2$ gas exposure time between the control group and ginseng extract pretreatment group (p<0.01). 4. According to the increase of the postnatal time, there were remarkable differences between the control group and the ginseng extract pretreatment groups in the loss of nasal mucosa cilia (p<0.01). 5. Ciliary changes of the posterior nasal orifice and trachea according to the $SO_2$ gas exposure time, mice age and ginseng dosages, were not dearly observed in this light microscopical observation.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1918-1926
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• 2004

Osteoporosis is defined as a progressive systemic skeletal disorder characterized by low bone mineral density, microarchitectual deteriorations of bone and susceptibility to fracture. numerous methods have been used for quantitative assessment of the skeleton in osteoporosis. QCT has been shown to measure changes in trabecular mineral content in the spine with great sensitivity and precision. To provide the normal reference values and changes of lumbar spinal bone mineral density in korean adult spinal bone mineral density was evaluated in 451 women (229 premenopausal and 222 postmenopausal women) and 206 men, aged 20 to 74 years old in Wonkwang hospital from 2000 to 2004, which was carried out by using QCT. women with oophorectomy, vertebral compression fracture, any history of endocrine disease and use of drugs that alter bone metabolism were excluded. According to the WHO definition, a patient is osteoporotic based on a bone mineral density(BMD) measurement that is 2.5 standard deviations (SDs) below typical peak bone mass of young healthy white women. This measurement of standard deviation from peak mass is called the T score. BMD values of normal women in their 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years, 40-44 years, 45-49 years, 50-54 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, over 70 years were 168.95㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 155.41㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 166.87㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 160.67㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 154.06㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 132.04㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 114.05㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 91.78㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 78.61 ㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 61.35㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 50.53㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄ Mean bone density of normal women was 115.77K₂PHO₄ K₂PHO₄. BMD values of normal men in their 20-24 years, 25-29 years, 30-34 years, 35-39 years, 40-44 years, 45-49 years, 50-54 years, 55-59 years, 60-64 years, 65-69 years, over 70 years were 171.46㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 162.19㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 155.62㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 147.28㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 137.56㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 137.56㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 101.25㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 109.00㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 103.32㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 91.53㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 88.35㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄ Mean density of normal men was 115.77㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄. Peak bone density of women and men was in the age group of 20-24 years and 168.95㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, 171.46㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, respectively. Bone loss was increased with aging and was accelerated in postmenopausal women than that of premenopausal women. The total loss of BMD for women and men was 70.09% and 48.47%, respectively. Postmenopausal women(mean BMD : 85.83㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄) had significantly lower BMD than premenopausal women(meand BMD : 144.80㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄)(p<0.001). The annual loss of BMD of women and men was 2.702㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄ and 1.795㎎/㏄ K₂PHO₄, respectively. This study provided the BMD reference data for normal korean adult. further studies on BMD in healthy adult and comparison with published data are needed.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.930-942
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• 2008

Following conclusions were derived from researching various consumption caused after surgical operation. The meaning of surgery in HyungSang medical point of view is a big flaw of the original configuration. Therefore meaning, the loss of container to store something. Changes of the body after surgery can be formation of stagnated blood and abnormal cyst of the removed part and entangled undigested food and stagnant blood. After surgery when the symptoms become chronic or the patients develop side effects as they age, consumption and aging process begins. HyungSang medical treatments of consumption caused after surgery are the followings. We should prevent aging of the framework by using appropriate medication to make up for faults in Gall Bladder, Bladder type and six meridian type by considering its form, color, pulse and symptoms. Stability of emotion that can endure various mental stimulation is needed. Prevent stagnation, indigestion, obstruction and numbness by smoothing up the constructive energy and the defensive energy in the operated part. The Heart and Kidney should be under control and Stomach and Spleen should be reinforced so that food intake is accelerated and produce vital substances and Ki and blood. Eum blood and Yang Ki should circulate around the body well. Examine daily life and if small changes in skin complexion, appetite, sleep and excretion occur, also difference in adaptation of external stimulation and mental health occurs immediate treatment and care is necessary. Treatment of side-effects caused from both aging process and post-surgery in HyungSang's view point is considered better than other ways of treatment and will contribute in expanding the field of medical science.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.357-365
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• 2002

A survey was under taken of six district of Northern India viz. Bareilly, Pilibhit, Udham Singh Nagar, Nainital, Almora and Rampur. The age, breed, sex and physiological status recorded. A total number of 854 cattle examined out of which lactating (274 cases), non lactating (302 cases) heifers (128 cases), calves (82 cases) and adult male (68 cases) were examined. An incidence of 4.92 percent (42) of microfilarisis was recorded. The highest prevalence was observed in Rudrapur District of Udham Singh Nagar (33.33%, 4/12), followed by Lalkaun in Nanital District (21.74%, 10/46), Rampur (12.50%, 2/16), Bareilly (8.16%, 8/98) and Pilibhit (1.22%, 1/82). No infection was observed in Almora region. Amongst 854 cattle of different group incidence was highest in adult male (12.20%, 10/82), followed by non lactating (3.82%, 12/314) and lactating (2.70%, 2/74), (7.64%, 12/157) was found in Heifers. For haemeto-biochemical, serum minerals estimations and therapeutic study 32 animals suffering from filariasis and 18 healthy animals were taken. 16 animals were treated with ivermectin $@200{\mu}g/kg $ body weight. Effect of this disease on production has also been estimated for which body weight and milk production was observed. The main clinical manifestations observed were anaemia, loss of appetite, debility, oedematous swelling especially in the abdominal region, increased heart rate, and respiration rate. Haematological changes indicated decrease in hemoglobin, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume, erthrocyte fragility and neutrophil, whereas there was significant increase in erythrocytes sedimentation rate (ESR), total leukocyte count (TLC), lymphocyte and eosinophils. Biochemical changes showed significant reduction in the values of serum albumin, A : G ratio, where as there was significant increase in blood glucose, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), globulin, total lipid, total cholesterol, phospholipids, serum bilirubin. Serum mineral profile also altered markedly, which indicate a significant decrease in Ca, Cu, Fe, Zn, and Mn with increase value of Na and Cl. There was no significant change in P and K values. Enzyme pattern in micro filaria infected animal indicated increased level of AST, ALT, alkaline phosphatase, ornithine carbamyl transferase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, glutamate dehydrogenase, isocitric dehydrogenase and lactate dehydrogenase. In blood gas values and acid/base balance, there was an increase in $PVCo_2$ and $PVo_2$. It has been observed that microfilaria infected cattle showed decrease in body weight and milk production. Animal treated with ivermectin showed the return of these above values toward normalcy.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.403-408
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• 2002

인체의 다양한 기능을 증진시키는 작용을 하는 것으로 알려진 IGF-I의 생체내 분비를 촉진시키기 위해 천연 생약재성분으로 구성된 YGF251을 개발하였고 YGF251의 효능을 측정하였다. 이중 맹검 시험 방식으로 40세에서 70세 사이의 성인 남녀 31명을 대상으로 IGF-I을 비롯하여 체중, 혈압, 간기능 검사 및 신장기능 검사를 실시하였다. YGF251 및 위약 투석 후의 IGF-I 함량변화에 대한 대응표본 검정결과는 YGF251 투여군에서 투여 전에는 245.6 ng/mL 이었는데 1개월 투여 후에는 269.3 ng/mL, 2개월 투여 후에는 275.6 ng/mL으로 유의하게 증가하였다 (p<0.05). 한편 위약 투여군에서는 투여 전에는 280.0 ng/mL이었으나 1개월 투여 후에는 239.2 ng/mL, 2개월 투여 후에는 230.2 ng/mL으로 유의하게 감소하는 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 혈중 insulin함량은 실험군의 경우 YGF251 을 1개월 투여후 평균치로써 2배 정도의 증가를 보였으며 위약 투여군에서는 36% 정도 감소된 것으로 나타났다. 또한 YGF251투여에 의한 체중 및 혈압의 변화는 거의 나타나지 않았다. YGF251 투여에 의해 나타날수 있는 간기능 및 신장기능 변화를 관찰 하기 위해 여러 항목들의 수치는 측정 오차 범위내에서의 변화만을 나타내었다.

• 말소리와 음성과학
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• 제13권4호
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• pp.89-100
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• 2021

본 연구는 변성 과정의 남성 음역대 특성을 살펴보기 위해 변성이전(21명), 변성(16명), 변성이후(20명) 단계에 있는 57명의 남성을 대상으로 활창과 축약된 발성범위 프로파일(voice range profile, VRP)을 사용하여 음역대를 비교하였다. 또한 측정방법별로 진성구와 가성구 VRP의 차이를 비교하였다. 연구 결과, 평균기본주파수(F0)는 변성이전>변성>변성이후 순이었고, 최고기본주파수(F0max), 기본주파수범위(F0range), 최대음성강도(Imax) 및 음성강도범위(Irange)는 변성 단계에서 가장 낮았으며, 가성구가 진성구에 비해 높았다. 또한 대부분의 변수에서 활창이 축약된 VRP에 비해 높았으나 차이는 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구를 통해 변성 단계에 있는 남성은 변성기의 일시적인 후두의 해부학적 및 생리학적 변화로 인해 성대 진동이 불안정하게 됨으로써 음역대 또한 다른 연령대와 다른 양상을 보임을 알 수 있었다. 이와 더불어 활창을 이용한 VRP와 축약된 VRP 모두 검사자가 숙련된 경우에 임상에서 모두 사용하기에 적합하며, VRP 측정 시 가성구 외에도 진성구 범위까지 측정해야 한다는 사실을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제55권5호
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• pp.523-532
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• 2022

비타민 C는 체내에서 중요한 항산화제 역할을 한다. 그러나 비타민 C와 다양한 대사 질환과의 관련성은 보고되었지만, 비타민 C의 섭취량, 체내 저장량, 항산화를 비롯한 체내 기능 사이의 관계를 용량-반응 관계를 연구한 것은 거의 없다. 따라서 비타민 C의 섭취 기준은 비타민 C 섭취량이 혈장 농도와 백혈구들의 포화도의 변화에 미치는 정도와, 이것이 항산화 능력과 대사성질환의 위험도에 미치는 영향을 고려하여 설정하였다. 2020 한국인 비타민 C 섭취 기준을 설정할 때 그 기준은 2015년의 설정 기준에서 변한 것은 없지만 연령별 표준체중의 변경을 반영하여 다시 계산하여 개정하였다. 2017년 이후부터 건강기능식품을 섭취하는 사람들이 증가하면서 비타민 C를 평균섭취량보다 적게 섭취하는 성인은 약 10%였으나, 청소년과 노인기에서는 평균섭취량보다 적게 섭취하는 비율이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면에 비타민 C 보충제의 섭취량이 증가하고 있어서 비타민 C의 섭취가 과잉인 사람들의 비율도 증가하고 있다. 흡연자나 대사질환 등 만성 질환을 가진 사람들에서 비타민 C의 필요량 증가에 대한 별도의 기준을 정하는 것이 필요하다는 의견도 있지만, 이것을 뒷받침할 만한 과학적 근거가 부족하여 기준을 설정하지는 않았다. 결과적으로 추후 한국인을 대상으로 한 흡연자, 대사질환 환자에서 비타민 C의 섭취 기준을 설정에 관련된 연구와, 보충제로 인한 비타민 C의 과잉 섭취와 다른 영양소와의 상호 작용 등에 대한 연구가 필요하겠다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1993

Acute and chronic effects of ethanol (EOH) administration on the cardiovascular and hormonal responses to repeated hemorrhage were investigated in conscious normotensive Wistar rats and spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). The chronic EOH treated group received 5% EOH (vol/vol) ad libitum in the drinking water far the first week,10% for the last 2 weeks, and 20% for the last 5 weeks from the age of 6 weeks. The EOH free group received tap water. Chronic EOH and EOH free groups were randomly subdivided into acute EOH infusion and control groups. Under ether anesthesia, catheters were inserted into the femoral vein and both femoral arteries. After rats regained consciousness and their blood pressure was stabilized, responses to quick hemorrhage (5 ml/kg BW) were tested. In the acute EOH infusion group, hemorrhage was induced 20 min after EOH infusion (1.0 g/kg BW), Baroreceptor reflex sensitivity was assessed by the ratio of changes in hen.1 rate and mean arterial pressure (${\Delta}HR/{\Delta}MAP$) immediately after the hemorrhage. Chronic EOH administration elevated MAP in Wistar rats. During acute EOH infusion, MAP do- creased and HR increased in all groups. In comparison to EOH free control rats, acute or chronic EOH treated rats showed a greater reduction in MAP and a smaller elevation in heart rate in response to a hemorrhage. The degree of MAP reduction was significantly greater in SHR than in Wistar rats. Both the acute and chronic EOH administration attenuated the baroreceptor reflex and retarded MAP recovery, again the trend being much more prominent in SHR. The increase in plasma vasopressin and lenin concentrations after hemorrhage were intensified by the chronic EOH administration. SHR showed a greater vasopressin response but a smaller lenin response than Wistar rats. These results indicate that the EOH treated rats, particularly SHB, are prone to shock by a hemorrhage, which may be partly attributed to an impaired baroreceptor reflex function.