• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
• /
• 제29권4호
• /
• pp.316-322
• /
• 2008

The purpose of this study was to investigate muscle activation of lower extremity such as rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and soleus according to 0cm(bare foot), 4cm and 7cm heel height of shoe on the rocking surface in older women. 20 older women who did not have any lower musculoskeletal and neurological disorders in the past were participated in this study. Each subject was standing for 15 seconds on the level 8 of Biodex Stability System (BSS) while wearing 4cm and 7cm heel height shoes including bare foot. Electromyography was used to measure muscle activation of lower extremity, and the muscle activation was expressed as a percentage of maximal voluntary isometric contraction (% MVIC). We measured % MVIC of three muscles during 5 seconds except for the first 5 seconds and last 5 seconds. SPSS 12.0 program was used for this study. Repeated one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA) was performed to compare the significant difference among the muscles of lower extremities according to heel heights of shoe on the rocking plate. % MVIC of each muscle such as rectus femoris, tibialis anterior and soleus regarding heel heights of shoe had statistically significant differences (p<0.05). The results of contrast test were as follows; 1) % MVIC of rectus femoris had significant differences between barefoot and 4cm, and barefoot and 7cm. 2) % MVIC of tibialis anterior had significant differences between barefoot and 4cm, barefoot and 7cm, and 4cm and 7cm. 3) % MVIC of soleus had significant differences between barefoot and 7cm, 4cm and 7cm. The results indicate that all commonly responsive muscle on the conditions of barefoot, 4cm, and 7cm shoe height on the rcoking surface is tibialis anterior muscle. We found out that the more heels of shoe high, the more muscle activation increases. High-heeled shoes above 7cm remarkably increase the muscle activation of lower extremity and may result in muscle fatigue. Thus, these shoes may summate risk factors of falls in older women. We can acknowledge that the heels above 4 cm affect each muscle activation in lower extremity on the rocking surface.

• 항공우주시스템공학회지
• /
• 제14권1호
• /
• pp.28-35
• /
• 2020

본 논문은 회전익 항공기의 동체에 특정 장비를 장착하기 위한 지지 구조물에서 균열이 발생하여 이를 개선하기 위한 목적으로 수행한 연구이다. 회전익 항공기 동체의 스킨(Skin) 구조물에 추가된 지지 구조물인 더블러(Doubler)는 개발 단계에서의 하중을 기반으로 설계 및 제작 되었으며, 항공기 운용 중 특정 시점에 더블러의 표면에서 균열이 발견되었다. 균열의 원인을 찾기 위해서 장비 장착 시 체결 조건으로 발생할 수 있는 원 구조물의 초기 변형을 고려하고, 항공기 날개 통과 주파수와 해당 구조물의 고유 주파수를 동특성 해석 조건으로 고려 하였다. 이러한 시나리오의 검토 결과로 초기 변형을 유발하는 패스너 체결 부위의 물리적인 틈(Gap) 제거를 위한 심(Shim)구조물을 추가하고, 두께가 보강된 더블러를 장착하였다. 개선된 설계의 구조적 검증을 위한 동특성 해석 결과를 검토하여 구조 강도의 증가를 확인하고, 더블러에 대한 피로 평가 수행을 통해 항공기 요구 수명 조건 또한 충족함을 확인하였다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
• /
• 제10권1호
• /
• pp.34-39
• /
• 2010

목적: 위암 환자에 있어서 근치적 위절제술 후, 위 절제 범위에 따라 삶의 질의 차이가 있다고 한다. 본 연구에서는 수술 후 장시간 경과 후 절제 범위에 따른 삶의 질의 차이를 확인했다. 대상 및 방법: 위암으로 근치적 위절제술을 받은 환자 중, 수술 후 5년이 지나 정기검진을 위해 외래를 방문한 166명을 대상으로 하여, EORTC QLQ-C30 3판과 EORTC QLQSTO22의 한국어판을 이용하여 삶의 질을 평가하였다. 결과: EORTC QLQ-C30으로 수술 후 5년에 평가한 삶의 질은, 육체적, 역할, 정서적, 인지, 사회적 기능 척도 및 피로감, 통증, 호흡곤란, 설사, 경제적 부담감의 척도에서 위아전절제술을 받은 후에 나은 삶의 질을 보이는 경향이 있었으나 통계학적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었다. 전체적인 건강 및 삶의 질, 오심과 구토, 수면장애, 식욕감퇴, 변비의 척도에서는 위전절제술을 받은 후에 더 나은 삶의 질을 보이는 경향이 있었으나 통계학적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었다. EORTC QLQ-STO22로 수술 후 5년에 평가한 삶의 질은, 모든 척도에서 위아전절제술을 받은 후에 더 나은삶의 질을 보이는 경향이 있었으나 통계학적으로 유의한 수준은 아니었다. 결론: 수술 후 단기적인 삶의 질의 차이는 있지만, 위암 완치 후에도 장기적으로 지속되는 삶의 질의 악화를 염려하여, 근치적 위절제술의 절제 범위를 축소할 필요는 없겠으며, 종양학적 원칙에 입각한 수술이 필요하겠다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제5권1호
• /
• pp.133-143
• /
• 1975

Most of mothers place their babies in either supine or prone position without change of position. Studies comparing supine and prone position of the newborn infants -have already been performed with the result that the prone position is relatively better than the supine position. However, one kind of position recommended to the mothers is not sufficient for the good rearing practice of children, because the same position placed for period long of time may bring out physical, mental tension and fatigue, and deformities of the skull and the thorax. For this reason nurses have to find out other position which has identical or more advantages than prone position so as to perform the position change for the babies. Main purpose of this study is to identify the differences of vital signs, the number of urination, defecation, diaper rash, crying and amount of feeding of the newborn infants with prone position or lateral position during the first three days of life. Sixty two newborn infants who were delivered at Seoul National University Hospital during the period from July 1 to September 5, 1974 were chosen as subjects for this study. The criteria for the choice of subjects were the babies born with vaginal delivery; body weight 2.5kg or over at birth; Apgar score Seven or over; and gestation period between thirty-eight months ana forty- two months. Of these subjects, by random sampling, thirty-one newborn infants were placed in the prone position and the other thirty-one in the lateral position. The results of this study reviewed in a statistical analysis of the t-test to obtain the following findings : 1. The heart rates of babies in the prone position were the mean heart rates of 135.03 and those in the lateral position 135.98 without any statistically significant difference. 2. There was no significant difference of respiration rate between two groups : a group in the prone position showed the mean respiration rates of 45,57 and the other in the lateral position 46.49. 3. There was no significant difference of body temperature between two groups: the mean body temperature of a group placed in the prone position was 98$^{\circ}$18'F(36$^{\circ}$77'C) and that of the other group 98$^{\circ}$20'F(36$^{\circ}$78'C). 4. One baby showed diaper rash only in a group of infants in the prone position. 5. The number of crying of the babies in the prone position were 23.70 and those in the lateral position 30.00 with a statistical difference at 5 percent level. 6, There was no difference of frequency of urination between two groups: the mean frequency of a group placed in tile prone position was 5.44 and that of the other group 5.06, 7. There was no significant difference of frequency of defecation between two groups : the mean frequency of a group placed in the prone position was 4.20 and that of tile other group 4.21, 8. There was no significant difference of feeding amount between two groups : the average amount of a group in the prone position showed 325.03 and that of the other group in the lateral position 291.51. All the above results mean that we may substitute tile lateral position for the Prone position or utilize both position for tile rearing practice of the babies.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.491-505
• /
• 1992

The purpose of this research was to understand the structure of the lived experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer The research question was “What is the structure of the experience of parents of a child terminally ill with cancer\ulcorner” The sample consisted of 17 parents of children admitted to the cancer units of two university hospitals in Seoul. The unstructured interviews were carried out from October 10, 1991 through January 10, 1992. They were audio-recorded and analysed using Van Kaam's method. Parents ascribed the cause of the cancer to the mother's emotional imbalance during pregnancy, the mother's stress, failure to observe religious rites, food, the parent's sin, misfortune and pollution. The theme clusters were tension, fear and depression experienced during pregnancy, stress that children suffer from abusive parents, failure to observe religious activites, bad luck, and sins committed during a previous life. When the child suffered a recurrence of cancer, the parents experienced negative emotions, nervousness, sorrow. depression and death. The theme clusters were feelings of despair, helplessness, regret, guilt, insecurity, emptyness and apathy. The long struggle with cancer resulted in the loss of economic security, loss of psychological and physical well being, and social withdrawal. The theme clusters were the economic burden of medical cost, giving up treatment, debt, limited medical insurance coverage and blood transfusion. The loss of psychological well being included stress, lack of support systems, inability to carry out responsibilities, lack of trust of the medical ten family breakdown, inappropriate expression of emotion and not disclosing the diagnosis to the child. Physically the parents suffered fatigue, insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of weight, dizzness, headache, psychosomatic symptoms, and increased consumption of liquor and cigarettes. Social withdrawal was manifested by taking time off from work to look after the child, decrease of outside social activities and feelings of isolation. Influences on family life were spousal conflicts, negative response of siblings, separation of the family members and economic hardship. The theme clusters were blaming a spouse for the cause of the illness and disagreements, maladjustment, lonliness, hostility and depression of siblings. The high price of medical care over the long period was a major factor influencing the life of the family. Positive experiences during the child's long illness were the strengthening of support systems and religious beliefs and financial help from social organizations. The support of one's spouse primarily helped to overcome the stress of the long illness. In addition, support was received from parents of other children with cancer and from nurses and religious leaders. The nurse, by providing empathetic support, should be a person with whom parents can express their feelings and share their experiences.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제29권3호
• /
• pp.279-286
• /
• 2010

The purpose of this study was to compare the electromyographic(EMG) activities of trunk and hip muscles between right and left sides while subjects performed prolonged manual task in asymmetric and symmetric weight-bearing posture. Fifteen healthy male college students were recruited for this study. The subjects were asked to perform bimanual upper extremity task for 6 minutes in two different standing postures. In the symmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects were standing with evenly distributed body weights to both legs. In the asymmetric weight-bearing posture, the subjects distributed about 90% of their body weight onto their preferred(supporting) leg and 10% of their body weight onto the opposite leg while they were standing. EMG activities of the right and left internal oblique, erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were measured and normalized as % MVIC. Then the EMG data were statistically analyzed using paired t-tests. The EMG activities of all measured muscles were not significantly different between the right and left side in the symmetrical weight-bearing posture(p>0.05). However, the EMG of the supporting side internal oblique was significantly lower than the opposite side(p<0.05), and the EMG of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus, and gluteus medius were significantly greater on the supporting side(p<0.05). The results of this study support that unbalanced use of right and left muscle possibly causes the changes in muscle length which results in asymmetry of trunk and hip muscles. Furthermore, the uneven weight support onto right and left legs will cause a distortion of viscoelastic ligaments around hip and sacroiliac joints in the long run. Further studies to determine the effect of various manual tasks on the trunk and hip muscles as well as the effect of asymmetrical weight-bearing standing posture on hip and back muscle fatigue may be required.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.113-127
• /
• 1985

대기오염(大氣汚染)이 비교적 심각(深刻)하다고 생각되는 도시와 농촌과의 호흡기증상을 비교(比較)해 보고자 대구 주민 470명, 포항 364명, 농촌지역인 의성군 주민 472명을 대상(對象)으로 호흡기증상에 대한 설문지를 만들어서 1984년 4월 10일에서 4월 30일까지 각 지역 중 고학생들을 통하여 그들 가족에게 설문하였다. 각 지역에 따른 증상호소율을 볼 때 대체로 도시가 농촌보다 높았는데 특히 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼거나 ${\ulcorner}$가래${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$천식${\lrcorner}$ 증상이 농촌에 비해 도시가 높게 나왔으며(p<0.05), 다만 여자에서 ${\ulcorner}$감기를 심하게 앓는다${\lrcorner}$는 경우는 농촌이 높았다. 연령군(年齡群)에 따라 도시, 농촌을 비교(比較)해 보면 남자 19세 이하군에서 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼는 경우가 농촌에 비해 포항이 높았으며(p<0.05), 남자 40대에서는 ${\ulcorner}$식은땀${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$목의 이물감${\lrcorner}$이 오히려 도시에서 농촌보다 낮게 나타났다. 학생들에게서는 도시, 농촌간의 차가 거의 없었고, 직업인에서 ${\ulcorner}$목이 부었다${\lrcorner}$고 느끼는 예가 포항이 농촌보다 높았으며(p<0.05), ${\ulcorner}$감기${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$잔기침${\lrcorner}$은 포항이 농촌보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 이상에서 몇 항목에 대해 농촌이 더 높은 것은 농부(農夫)들의 심한 피로(疲勞)와 농약 등에 의한 것으로 생각되나 전반적(全般的)으로 볼 때 ${\ulcorner}$천식${\lrcorner}$, ${\ulcorner}$가래${\lrcorner}$ 등 도시가 농촌보다 많은 항목에서 호소율이 높았다. 이는 산업연료(産業燃料), 차량(車輛)의 배기(排氣)가스, 먼지 등의 영향이 아닌가 생각된다.

• 한국식품영양학회지
• /
• 제19권2호
• /
• pp.169-175
• /
• 2006

단세포 조류 생물인 Chlorella vulgaris(클로렐라)는 다양한 생리 활성을 가진 기능성 소재로 이용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 강제 수영 부하 실험과 혈액 생화학적 지표에 대한 클로렐라의 효과에 대해 연구하였다. 혈액 생화학적 지표로는 Blood urea nitrogen(BUN), creatine kinase(CK), lactic dehydrogenase(LDH), glucose(Glc), total protein(TP), albumin을 혈액 생화학적 지표로 측정하였다. 매일 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 g/kg 농도의 클로렐라를 각각 실험 군별로 마우스에 구강 투여했다. 클로렐라를 투여한지 3일, 7일째 되는 날 강제 수영 부하 실험을 시행한 결과 0.15 g/kg 클로렐라를 투여한 그룹에서 유의적으로 부동시간을 감소시켰다. 또한 혈청 중 BUN 수치를 낮췄으며, CK, LDH 수치는 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 클로렐라 투여 시 혈 중 Glc 수치는 높아졌으나, TP 와 albumin 수치는 변화가 없었다. 이상의 결과들은 클로렐라가 육체적 지구력 향상 효과가 있는 것을 시사하고 있다.

• 여성건강간호학회지
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.610-621
• /
• 2001

In order to find out whether Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Moxibustion Heat Therapy is effective to relieve dysmenorrhea syndrome, we performed a Quasi-experiment on a group of fourty females. The experiment was carried out during the period from April 20 to August 20, 1999. The group was divided into two sub-groups called "a Hand Acupuncture Therapy sub-group" and "a Moxibustion Heat Therapy sub-group" consisting of 20 females respectively. Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Moxibustion Heat Therapy were performed four times a week. Especially, in case of Moxibustion Heat Therapy, subjects were treated twice a times. The data analyzed by an SAS program. The results are as follows : 1) Hand Acupuncture Therapy and Moxibustion Heat Therapy are very effective to relieve dysmenorrhea syndrome. This study shows that in case of Hand Acupuncture Therapy sub-group, supposing that mean score of Menorrhalgia before treatment was 7.85, it became low to 4.50 when. subjects suffered the first menstruation and it was 2.50 at the second menstruation, and 1.60 at the third menstruation. In the mean score of Moxibustion Heat Therapy sub-group, Menorrhalgia before treatment was 7.85, it was 5.90 at the first menstruation(p<.05), and 3.00 at the second, and 1.85 at the third menstruation. 2) Among Hand Acupuncture Therapy subgroup, 9 subjects could hardly be relieved from the pain of dysmenorrhea at the first menstruation. So, they were treated additionally with the method of tonification and sedation of abdominal diagnosis of three constitution and became completely relieved at second menstruation. Meanwhile, 7 subjects among Moxibustion Heat Therapy also faced the same situation. So they were treated with Moxibustion on dorsum of hand and got effectiveness at the third menstruation after taking therapy. 3) Odinary dysmenorrhea syndrome are constipation, dizziness, anorexia, abdominal pain, lumbago, breast engorgement, abdominal distention, dysconcentration, nervousness, diarrhea, nausea & vomitting, apathy, restlessness, fatigue, aggression, leg pain, edema. After taking therapy, all of subjects were relieved from these dysmenorrhea syndrome at third menstruation. 4) All subjects were classified into five types of physical constitution with abdominal diagnosis of three constitution as follows: 18 cases of left kidney right yang excess, 8 cases of left yin right yang excess, 7 cases of left right kidney excess, 5 cases of left right yang excess, 2 cases of left yang right kidney excess.

• 성인간호학회지
• /
• 제12권2호
• /
• pp.175-183
• /
• 2000

The study was done by applying a phenomenological study, which is qualitative research methods, in order to understand the meaning of the lived experiences, to confirm and describe the meaning structure, and to prepare nursing interventive strategies centering around the meanings of the inpatients' families in the intensive care units. In the study, the family members were the main important nursing providers for in the inpatients' who were admitted in the neurosurgical intensive care unit in K-university hospital and who agreed to participate in the study after being given on explanation about the purpose of the study. The data were collected from the seven participants who had feelings of trust and intimacy favorable toward the researcher as they were families of patients who had been cared for by the researcher in the ICU where the researcher has been assigned. The data were collected from April to October, 1999. The participants described their experiences as candidly as possible. The researcher described closely the lived experiences with their own words and the observations of the researcher. A tape recorder was used with the consent of the participants to prevent nursing information and communication. The analysis of the data was made through the phenomenological analytic method suggested by Giorgi; as an unit of description, which include the participants' expressions and the researcher's observations, the analysis was used based on the data described from the expressions of the participants and the details of observations of the researcher. The conclusions of the study were as follows : The meanings of the lived experience of the inpatients' families in the ICU was confirmed by indepth interviews and observations including these of the participatants : (1) Psychological impact: confusion, impatience, surprise, insensibility; (2) Physical suffering: fatigue, discomfort, indigestion; (3) Psychological suffering: heartbreaking emotion, anxiety, annoyance, fear, compassion, grief; (4) Economical suffering: economical difficulties; (5) Psychological disagreement: escape from reality, personnel avoidance, grudge, powerlessness, carefulness, transposition of life-tract, abandonment, role-crisis, hope, lack of understanding, regret, feeling of ambivalence(progressive process, medical personnel interest); (6) Psychological dependency; self-reliance group support, family support, religious support; (7) Psychological acceptance; acquaintance, gratitude, reassurance; The study will offer better understanding of experiences therefore, based on the experiences confirmed by the study, it may facilitate more appropriate nursing interventive strategies for health maintenance and to prevent occurrence of possible problems with the inpatients' families in the ICUs.