• MALSORI
• /
• no.33_34
• /
• pp.99-110
• /
• 1997

This paper aims to investigate the internal structure of the pre-nuclear intonation pattern and to discuss the inventory and usage of the phrasal tone in Korean based on the acoustic analysis of 80 test sentences. CSL Model 4300 was used for recording and filing, and Multi-speech Model 3700 for analysis. It is shown that the pre-nuclear intonation pattern is composed of one or more phrasal tones, the intonation pattern of the rhythm nit. It is observed that the second phrasal tone begins with a higher pitch than the first one and that the phrasal tones following the second one begins with a lower pitch than the preceding phrasal tone unless a certain word is emphasized. In addition to Level, Rising, Falling, and Rise-Fall phrasal tones already established in Lee (1990, 1991, 1996), Pall-Rise and Rise-Fall-Rise phrasal tones are newly established in this paper. It is observed that Rising and Rise-Fall-Rise phrasal tones are most frequently used as the first phrasal tone of a pre-nuclear intonation pattern and the falling tone as the last phrasal tone, and that Fall-Rise and level tones appear most frequently in the middle of a pre-nuclear intonation pattern.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.9 no.2
• /
• pp.23-29
• /
• 2017

This paper investigated the phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs in pronounced phrasal words of the Seoul Corpus by gender and age groups in order to provide linguists and phoneticians with a clearer understanding of the spoken Korean. Both orthographic and pronounced phrasal words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Corpus using Praat. Then, phonological processes of monophthongs and diphthongs were tabulated using an R script after syllabifying the phrasal words into separate components. Results revealed that 97% of the number of syllables in the orthographic and pronounced phrasal words were the same while 65.8% showed difference in the syllable structure. 90.5% of the vowels in the orthographic phrasal words were realized in the pronounced phrasal words. A Chi-square test of independence was performed to obtain a significant dependence in the distribution of phonological process types of male and female groups along with a very strong correlation. Female group changed the diphthong yo into yv at the end of the pronounced phrasal words more often than the male group did. Age groups also showed a significant dependence in the distribution of phonological process types along with a very strong correlation. Females in the 40s produced the diphthong yv and made the vowel raising at the end of the pronounced phrasal words most often among the gender and age groups. From the results, this paper concludes that an analysis of phonological processes in light of syllable structure can contribute greatly to the understanding of the spoken Korean.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.1-9
• /
• 2016

This paper investigated the phoneme distribution and phonological processes of orthographic and pronounced phrasal words in light of syllable structure in the Seoul Corpus in order to provide linguists and phoneticians with a clearer understanding of the Korean language system. To achieve the goal, the phrasal words were extracted from the transcribed label scripts of the Seoul Corpus using Praat. Following this, the onsets, peaks, codas and syllable types of the phrasal words were analyzed using an R script. Results revealed that k0 was most frequently used as an onset in both orthographic and pronounced phrasal words. Also, aa was the most favored vowel in the Korean syllable peak with fewer phonological processes in its pronounced form. The total proportion of all diphthongs according to the frequency of the peaks in the orthographic phrasal words was 8.8%, which was almost double those found in the pronounced phrasal words. For the codas, nn accounted for 34.4% of the total pronounced phrasal words and was the varied form. From syllable type classification of the Corpus, CV appeared to be the most frequent type followed by CVC, V, and VC from the orthographic forms. Overall, the onsets were more prevalent in the pronunciation more than the codas. From the results, this paper concluded that an analysis of phoneme distribution and phonological processes in light of syllable structure can contribute greatly to the understanding of the phonology of spoken Korean.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.123-130
• /
• 2013

Previous researches on Korean intonation have been mainly focused on $F_0$ target frequencies, $F_0$ slope, and the duration of intonation patterns. This study investigated Korean intonation patterns, both boundary and phrasal tones, in relation to the $F_0$ percentage change between pitch targets. We measured the percentage change between the pitch targets of both boundary and phrasal tones. Additionally, the $F_0$ change between the preceding pitch target and the first pitch target of the boundary tone and the $F_0$ targets of the sequence of two LH phrasal tones ('LH + LH') were also measured. Two phrasal tones, LHLH and HLH, were compared with 'LH + LH' and the 'HLH' in the LHLH pattern respectively. We found that the percentage change between pitch targets in the phrasal tone is fixed to some extent. This helped explain why the slope of the phrasal tone is closely related to the number of syllables and the duration of the phrasal tone as discussed in previous studies. Since we analyzed the intonation patterns with the utterances from a large speech corpus, the results of this paper are expected to be used in building a larger annotated corpus of Korean.

• English Language & Literature Teaching
• /
• v.17 no.4
• /
• pp.273-291
• /
• 2011

This study investigates factors that influence ESL learners' use/avoidance of English phrasal verbs. It especially focuses on two factors, topic difference and group membership. For the purpose, 60 ESL students who took the University English Proficiency Test (UEPT) were selected, and the 60 essays they wrote for the UEPT were analyzed. All the students were with non-Germanic first language backgrounds. Among the 60 essays, 30 essays were selected from the essays written for the International Students UEPT (IS UEPT), which was required of all new international students. Another 30 essays were selected from the essays written for the Regents' UEPT, which was required of all non-native English speaking undergraduate students as a graduation requirement. Results indicate that the length of residency in the U.S. and/or academic status and semantic complexities of English phrasal verbs but not topic difference nor English proficiency affected the use of English phrasal verbs. The study ends with a discussion of pedagogical implications of the findings.

• Phonetics and Speech Sciences
• /
• v.3 no.4
• /
• pp.3-11
• /
• 2011

This experimental study has a goal to explore the perceptual sensitivity to phonetic evidence such as duration, phrase accent, or pause in disambiguation. We argue that the realization of the intonational phrasal boundary at the meaningful grammatical boundary in structurally ambiguous sentences facilitates English native listeners to distinguish the meanings of the ambiguous sentences. Moreover, the duration of the phrase-final syllable, pitch range reset, or phrasal tones also provides listeners with important phonetic evidence in disambiguation. In our perception experiment, however, Korean English learners largely depend on the realization of pause. In the results from the perception experiment, all of the groups showed an increase in the response time from the perception of no pause to pause realization. This means that pause at the phonological phrasal boundary plays a role of facilitator to English native speakers with other prosodic cues such as duration, pitch accent, or phrasal tones, while an absolutely important cue to Korean English learners.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.655-667
• /
• 2014

This paper has identified five major categories of the T2D patients' concerns based on an online forum where the patients voluntarily verbalized their naturally occurring emotional reactions and concerns related to T2D. We have emphasized the fact that the lexical and phrasal analysis brought to the forefront the prevailing negative reactions and desires for clear information, professional advice, and emotional support. This study used lexical and phrasal analysis based on text-mining tools to estimate the potential of using a large sample of patient conversation of a specific disease posted on the internet for clinical features and patients' emotions. As a result, the study showed that quantitative analysis based on text-mining is a viable method of generalizing the psychological concerns and features of T2D patients.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.439-444
• /
• 2021

This study investigates the relationship between syntactic complexity and English proficiency for Korean college students, using the recently developed TAASSC(the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Syntactic Sophistication and Complexity) program. Essays on the ICNALE(International Corpus Network of Asian Learners of English) corpus were employed and phrasal complexity indices and clausal complexity indices, respectively were used to predict English proficiency level for Korean students. Results of stepwise regression analysis showed that indices of phrasal complexity explained 8% of variance in English proficiency, while indices of clausal complexity accounted for approximately 11%. That is, indices of clausal complexity were slightly better predictors of English proficiency than indices of phrasal complexity, which contradicts Biber et at.(2011)'s claim that phrasal complexity is the hallmark of writing development.

• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.1150-1159
• /
• 2000

This paper presents an automatic text categorization model that improves the accuracy by combining statistical and knowledge-based categorization methods. In our model we apply knowledge-based method first, and then apply statistical method on the text which are not categorized by knowledge-based method. By using this combined method, we can improve the accuracy of categorization while categorize all the texts without failure. For statistical categorization, the vector model with Inverted Category Frequency (ICF) weighting is used. For knowledge-based categorization, Phrasal Patterns and Keyword Sets are introduced to represent sentence patterns, and then pattern matching is performed. Experimental results on new articles show that the accuracy of categorization can be improved by combining the tow different categorization methods.

• MALSORI
• /
• no.63
• /
• pp.67-84
• /
• 2007

Verb phrase could have two different meanings according to which is followed after verb; adverb or preposition. The meaning of 'verb+adverb' is deduced from a figurative meaning which is idiomatic expression, and 'verb+preposition' is interpreted as the literal meaning. The purpose of this study is to observe how English native speakers and Korean leaners of English distinguish two sentences of the same word strings with acoustic cues like pause and duration. According to the result, as pause was used for meaning distinction, it was likely that the pause length preceding prepositions was longer than that of following adverbs. To distinguish two sentences of the same word strings, all participants seemed to use pause, verb lengthening and adverb/preposition lengthening. Among them, there is a hierarchical significance; in sequence, pause, verb lengthening, adverb/preposition lengthening.