• Fibers and Polymers
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.31-38
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• 2004

In the present paper, a variety of fiber reinforcements, for instance, stabilized OXI-PAN fibers, quasi-carbon fibers, commercial carbon fibers, and their woven fabric forms, have been utilized to fabricate pseudo-unidirectional (pseudo-UD) and 2-directional (2D) phenolic matrix composites using a compression molding method. Prior to fabricating quasi-carbon fiber/phenolic (QC/P) composites, stabilized OXI-PAN fibers and fabrics were heat-treated under low temperature carbonization processes to prepare quasi-carbon fibers and fabrics. The thermal conductivity and thermal expansion/contraction behavior of QC/P composites have been investigated and compared with those of carbon fiber/phenolic (C/P) and stabilized fiber/phenolic composites. Also, the chemical compositions of the fibers used have been characterized. The results suggest that use of proper quasi-carbonization process may control effectively not only the chemical compositions of resulting quasi-carbon fibers but also the thermal conductivity and thermal expansion behavior of quasi-carbon fibers/phenolic composites in the intermediate range between stabilized PAN fiber- and carbon fiber-reinforced phenolic composites.

• Composites Research
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.75-83
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• 1999

Carbon/Phenolic 및 silica/phenolic 내열 복합재료의 강화재의 종류와 적층방향에 따른 비열, 열확산 계수, 열전도도를 분석하였다. Carbon/Phenolic 및 silica/phenolic 복합재료의 비열은 시차 주사 열량법을 이용하여 측정하였으며, 열확산계수는 레이저 섬광법을 이용하여 laminar와 평행방향과 laminar와 직교방향으로 측정하였다. Carbon/Phenolic 및 silica/phenolic 복합재료의 열확산계수는 온도가 증가함에 따라 감소하였다. Carbon/Phenolic 및 silica/phenolic 복합재료의 열전도도를 밀도, 열확산계수 및 비열을 이용하여 계산하였다. 열전도도는 온도가 증가함에 따라 증가하였으며, carbon/Phenolic의 경우 laminar와 평행방향의 열전도도가 laminar와 직교방향의 열전도도보다 2배 높은 이방성을 나타내었으며 이는 carbon 섬유의 열전도도 이방성 때문으로 해석되었다. 이차원 섬유강화 복합재료의 열전도도를 기지와 강화재의 열전도도와 부피분율을 이용하여 해석하였다. Carbon/Phenolic 및 silica/phenolic 복합재료의 열전도도를 적층방향에 따라 강화재와 기지의 열전도도를 이용하여 해석하여 carbon 섬유와 silica 섬유의 열전도도를 계산하였다. 계산된 섬유의 열전도도와 기지의 열전도도로부터 섬유의 부피분율에 따른 복합재료의 상온열전도도를 예측할 수 있었다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 2016

In the present study, exfoliated graphite nanoplatelets (xGnP) with different particle sizes were coated onto polyacrylonitrile-based carbon fibers by a direct coating method. The flexural properties, interlaminar shear strength, and the morphology of the xGnP-coated carbon fiber/phenolic matrix composites were investigated in terms of their longitudinal flexural strength and modulus, interlaminar shear strength, and by optical and scanning electron microscopic observations. The results were compared with a phenolic matrix composite counterpart prepared without xGnP. The flexural properties and interlaminar shear strength of the xGnP-coated carbon fiber/phenolic matrix composites were found to be higher than those of the uncoated composite. The flexural and interlaminar shear strengths were affected by the particle size of the xGnP, while the particle size had no significant effect on the flexural modulus. It seems that the interfacial contacts between the xGnP-coated carbon fibers and the phenolic matrix play a role in enhancing the flexural strength as well as the interlaminar shear strength of the composites.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2004년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.277-283
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• 2004

The time to ignition, heat release rate characteristics and carbon monoxide yield of fiber reinforced and sandwich phenol resin were investigated with cone calorimeter. The fire characteristics of unsaturated polyester, mostly being applied to the existing passenger train, and phenolic resin were compared. Thermal gravimetric analysis(TGA) was used to monitor the degree of thermal decomposition for the phenolic resin. According to the cone calorimeter data, the time to ignition, heat release rate and CO yield was faster and higher as the external heat flux increase. Under the same heat flux, the time to ignition of sandwich type phenolic resin was shorter than that of fiber reinforced. The result of comparison between unsaturated polyester and phenolic resin was that phenolic resin was shown to have better fire resistance than that of unsaturated polyester.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제46권3호
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• pp.301-305
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• 2009

The novel carbon coating process for interlayer of fiber reinforced ceramic composites between fiber and matrix was performed by carbonizing phenolic resin solution that coated on fiber surface in $N_2$ atmosphere at $600^{\circ}C$ to improve the strength and fracture toughness of CMC(ceramic matrix composite). 160 nm carbon layer was coated on fiber surface with 5 vol% of phenolic resin solution. Since the process temperature ($600^{\circ}C$) is lower than chemical vapor deposition($900{\sim}1000^{\circ}C$), the strength and toughness could be preserved. Furthermore the coating thickness uniformity was improved to 8% of deviation along the stacking sequence. Therefore, prevention from fiber degradation during coating process and controlling coating thickness uniformity along the preform depth were achieved by coating with phenolic resin carbonizing method.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 1999년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.160-163
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• 1999

The mechanical properties and failure behaviour of carbon/phenolic composites were inverstigated by tension and compression. Carbon/phenolic composites were fabricated by infiltration of matrix into 8 harness satin woven fabric of PAN-based carbon fibers. The tensile and compressive tests were performed at 25℃ under air atmosphere and, at 400℃ and 700℃ under N₂ atmosphere. The tensile strengths of carbon/phenolic composites in with-laminar/0° warp direction were about 10 times higher than those in with-laminar/45° warp direction, which was analyzed due to a change of fracture mode from fiber pull-out by shear to tensile fracture of fibers. The fracture of carbon/phenolic composites in with-laminar/45° direction was analyzed due to delamination by buckling. Tensile and compressive strength of carbon/phenolic composites decreased to about 50% at 400℃, and to about 10% at 700℃ compared to that at room temperature. The main reason for the decrease of tensile or compressive strength with increasing temperature was analyzed due to a reduction of bond strength between fibers and matrix resulting from thermal degradation of phenolic resin.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.88-93
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• 2011

페놀수지에 함침된 탄소나노튜브 (CNT)의 최적 분산제조공정은 전기저항 측정으로 구해졌으며, 플라즈마 처리된 탄소섬유와 CNT-페놀수지 나노복합재료간의 계면특성이 전기-미세역학시험법에 의해 연구되었다. 탄소섬유의 젖음성은 플라즈마 처리 후에 현격하게 증가되었다. 탄소섬유와 CNT-페놀수지 나노복합재료의 표면에너지는 Wilhelmy 플레이트 시험법으로 측정되었다. 탄소섬유 표면의 활성화로 인하여 플라즈마 처리 후 전진 접촉각은 $65^{\circ}$에서 $28^{\circ}$로 감소되었다. 이는 정적 접촉각과 상호 일치함을 보여 주었다. 플라즈마 처리된 탄소섬유와 CNT-페놀수지 나노복합재료간의 접착일은 플라즈마 처리전보다 증가하였다. 또한, 계면전단강도와 겉보기 강성도 탄소섬유에 대한 플라즈마 처리로 증가하였다.

• Carbon letters
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.82-86
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• 2000

The present research was undertaken to evaluate the possibility of water purification filter with activated carbon fibers (ACFs) using a very low cost precursor consisting of phenolic resin coated on glass fibers. The simplified procedure involving coating, curing and activation and a very low cost glass fiber as a raw material were adopted in order to reduce manufacturing cost. The breakthrough curves of the manufactured ACFs and the commercial activated carbon (AC, Calgon F-200) were investigated in the initial concentration range from 19 to 49 ppm for benzene, toluene and ethylbenzene. From breakthrough profiles, the manufactured ACFs had significantly faster adsorption kinetics than the AC. Especially the benzene breakthrough curves, the manufactured ACF (13 g of ACF with 32% of carbon on the glass) was over the limited level (5 ppb) after flowing of 32 l at initial concentration of 15 ppm, while the commercial AC was shown about 3 ppm in initial adsorption.

• 한국복합재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국복합재료학회 2004년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.63-66
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• 2004

In this study, a hybrid composite journal bearing composed of carbon fiber reinforced phenolic composite liner and metal backing was manufactured to solve the seizure problem of metallic journal bearing materials because the carbon fiber has self-lubricating ability and the phenolic resin has thermal resistance characteristics. To estimate the wear resistance of carbon fiber phenolic composite, wear tests were performed at several pressures and velocities. The oil absorption characteristics, coefficient of thermal expansion, strength and stiffness of the composite were also tested. Using the measured stiffness values, the thermal residual stresses in the composite were calculated to check the reliability of the composite journal bearing.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.58-63
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• 2012

탄소섬유강화플라스틱(CFRP)의 홀 가공 시 chip이 발생된다. 이때 발생되는 chip은 단순 폐기용 차원이 아닌 미세탄소섬유와 에폭시의 조성으로 이루어져 있다. Chip을 강화재로 활용하기 위해서는 탄소섬유만의 조성을 이루어야 고분자 기지와 계면접착력이 증가될 수 있다. Chip 내 탄소섬유의 길이를 일정하게 하기 위해 막자 사발을 이용한 절단 과정 후 $H_2O_2$를 이용한 표면처리를 하여 탄소섬유에 붙어있는 에폭시를 제거하였다. Chip을 이용하여 페놀수지를 기지로 한 페놀복합재료를 제조하였으며, 내열성 및 난연성 재료로 활용 가능성을 평가하였다. 기존의 페놀보다 표면처리를 한 chip복합재료가 기계적, 열적 물성이 향상됨을 확인하였으며, 젖음성 평가를 이용하여 표면물성에 따른 재료의 물성을 평가하였다. 불균질한 표면 조성에 의해 표면 거칠기가 달라지기 때문에 페놀복합재료의 접촉각이 증가되었다. 난연성 평가는 ASTM D635-06 방법으로 수행하였다. 평가결과, chip의 첨가 및 표면처리의 영향에 의해 난연성이 향상되었다.