• 핵의학기술
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.50-54
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• 2010

PET/CT 검사에서 근육운동상태, 혈당수치, 인슐린수치, 식사여부, 월경주기, 시행받은 치료의 종류와 시기 등에 따라 $^{18}F$-FDG의 비병리학적 섭취가 발생하는 한계를 가지고 있다. 그 중에 혈당수치, 인슐린수치와 관련하여 항 당뇨약제를 복용하고 PET/CT 검사를 시행하는 경우 특별한 전처치 없이 검사를 시행하는 것이 일반적이다. 그러나 종종 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨환자의 PET/CT 검사에서 정상세포임에도 불구하고 Metformin 성분의 항 당뇨약제를 복용한 환자에서 대장부위에 $^{18}F$-FDG의 비병리학적 섭취가 나타나고 있다. 본 연구에서는 제 2형 당뇨인 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨환자 중 Metformin 성분의 항 당뇨약제와 기타 다른 항 당뇨약제를 복용한 환자의 PET/CT 검사에서 표준 섭취 계수를 측정 및 비교 분석하여, 대장부위의 $^{18}F$-FDG 섭취에 미치는 영향에 관해 알아보고자 하였다. 2008년 1월부터 2009년 8월까지 본원에서 PET/CT 검사를 시행한 환자 중 인슐린 비의존성 당뇨 환자 120명(Metformin: 60명, Excluding Metformin: 60명)과 대조군 60명 대상으로 하였으며, PET/CT 장비는 Discovery를 사용하였다. 상행, 횡행, 하행결장으로 나누어 같은 위상의 PET 영상에서 가장 섭취가 높은 지점에 원형의 동일한 관심영역을 설정하여 표준 섭취 계수를 측정하였다. 통계분석은 SPSS version 17을 사용하였으며, 집단 간의 표준화 섭취 계수의 비교에서는 일원배치 분산분석(ONEWAY ANOVA)방법을 사용하여 비교 평가하였다. 검사를 시행한 180명의 환자에게서 상행, 횡행, 하행결장의 최대 표준 섭취 계수를 측정하여 관심영역을 분석하였다. Metformin 성분의 항 당뇨약제를 복용한 환자는 $6.16{\pm}3.64$ g/mL, $4.41{\pm}2.94$ g/mL, $5.46{\pm}2.44$ g/mL이었고 Metformin 성분이 없는 항 당뇨약제를 복용한 환자는 $3.05{\pm}1.39$ g/mL, $2.08{\pm}0.97$ g/mL, $3.15{\pm}1.85$ g/mL이었으며 대조군으로 설정된 당뇨가 없는 환자 $2.02{\pm}0.88$ g/mL, $1.68{\pm}0.87$ g/mL, $2.19{\pm}1.88$ g/mL이었다. 3개의 집단 사이에 통계적으로 유의한 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 Metformin 성분의 항 당뇨약제의 복용은 대장에서의 $^{18}F$-FDG 섭취에 미치는 영향에 관해 표준 섭취 계수로 간접적으로 확인할 수 있었다. 그러므로 검사 전 문진으로 항 당뇨약제의 성분을 미리 파악하여 참고한다면 검사 결과에 도움이 되고 그 결과 위양성을 초래할 수 있는 소지가 감소될 것이며 향후 항 당뇨약제의 다른 성분과의 비교에 관한 연구에도 기여할 수 있으리라 사료된다.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제36권1호
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• pp.64-73
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• 2002

FDG-PET has potential as an effective, non-invasive tool to measure tumor response to anticancer therapy. The changes in tumor FDG uptake may provide an early, sensitive guide to the clinical and subclinical response of tumors to cancer treatment, as well as functional assessment of residual viable tumor. This may allow the evaluation of subclinical response to anticancer drugs in early clinical trials and improvements in patients management. However, monitoring tumor responses with FDG-PET is still in its infancy. The methods of measurement of FDG uptake are currently diverse and timing with respect to anti cancer therapy variable. Therefore, there is a need for larger-scale trials along with standardized methodology and a collection of reproducibility data. The recent guideline from the European group seems to be the most comprehensive. In future, the combination of morphological and metabolic images may improve the quantitative nature of these measurements by relating tumor viability to total tumor mass. More data on sensitivity and specificity of FDG-PET technique are needed along with continued advancement of PET methodology.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

Many types of small animal imaging modalities, like micro-CT, micro-PET, and micro-SPECT, have been recently developed worldwide. Small animal imaging systems are now recognized as indispensable tools to validate efficacy and safety of new drugs or new therapeutic methods using the animal disease models. With increasing demands for small animal imaging in biomedical research, multimodal small animal imaging systems, like micro-PET/CT or micro PET/MRI, are now also being developed. Small animal imaging with spatial resolution and sensitivity comparable to human imaging is quite challenging since laboratory small animals are much smaller than human beings. Research activities in Korea on small animal imaging systems are reviewed in this paper. In the field of micro-CT and micro-PET, many world-class technologies have been developed successfully in Korea. It is expected that the developed animal imaging system technologies can be used in the development of clinical imaging systems in Korea in the near future.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제43권5호
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• pp.499-504
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• 2009

F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (F-18 FDG PET/CT) plays an important role in diagnosis of malignant tumors and adds to conventional imaging in the staging of pertoneal carcinomatosis. However, false positive cases resulting from benign disease such as tuberculosis may occur. We report two cases of peritoneal tuberculosis on F-18 FDG PET/CT which showed multiple hypermetabolic foci in the mesentery and peritoneum with increased serum cancer antigen 125 (CA 125). Subsequent F-18 FDG PET/CT showed a disappearance of pathologic uptake following treatment with anti-tuberculosis drugs.

• 한국임상약학회지
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2022

Background: In modern society, the number of households raising companion animals increases, and the market for veterinary medicines is expanding even more. This study aims to investigate the perception of companion animal lovers' veterinary medicines, the necessity of specific guidance by pharmacists for veterinary medicines, the role of pharmacists at veterinary pharmacies, and ways to fulfill that role. Methods: This study evaluated veterinary medicines and medication guidance through Google online questionnaire targeting pet-lovers from December 20, 2021, until January 19, 2022. The questions consist of 1) characteristics of petlovers, 2) purchase history and drug recognition of veterinary drugs, 3) use of veterinary vaccines, 4) use of diagnostic kits, and 5) guidance of veterinary medicines by local pharmacists. Results: The respondents' experience purchasing veterinary drugs was as high as 94.4%. The most purchased drug was heartworm-preventing products, and vaccination was performed mainly at veterinary clinics (veterinarians). The respondents primarily purchased veterinary medicines for companion animals at veterinary hospitals and did not know the name of the drugs which they bought. In addition, respondents expected to receive specific information on veterinary medicines from pharmacists. Conclusion: As the number of veterinary pharmacies in the community will increase with the expansion of the companion animal market, pharmacists should play their role as experts in veterinary medicines through systematic and continuous professional education.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.102-111
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• 2007

Dementia is a major burden for many countries including South Korea, where life expectancy is continuously growing and the proportion of aged people is rapidly growing. Neurodegenerative disorders, such as, Alzheimer disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, frontotemporal dementia, Parkinson disease, progressive supranuclear palsy, corticobasal degeneration, Huntington disease, can cause dementia, and cerebrovascular disease also can cause dementia. Depression or hypothyroidism also can cause cognitive deficits, but they are reversible by management of underlying cause unlike the forementioned dementias. Therefore these are called pseudodementia. We are entering an era of dementia care that will be based upon the identification of potentially modifiable risk factors and early disease markers, and the application of new drugs postpone progression of dementias or target specific proteins that cause dementia. Efficient pharmacologic treatment of dementia needs not only to distinguish underlying causes of dementia but also to be installed as soon as possible. Therefore, differential diagnosis and early diagnosis of dementia are utmost importance. F-18 FDG PET is useful for clarifying dementing diseases and is also useful for early detection of the diseases. Purpose of this article is to review the current value of FDG PET for dementing diseases including differential diagnosis of dementia and prediction of evolving dementia.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2020

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers in men. Choline PET or PET/CT has been used to visualize prostate cancer, and high levels of choline accumulation have been observed in tumors. However, the uptake system for choline and the functional expression of choline transporters in prostate cancer are not completely understood. In this study, the molecular and functional aspects of choline uptake were investigated in the LNCaP prostate cancer cell line along with the correlations between choline uptake and cell viability in drug-treated cells. Choline transporter-like protein 1 (CTL1) and CTL2 mRNA were highly expressed in LNCaP cells. CTL1 and CTL2 were located in the plasma membrane and mitochondria, respectively. [³H]Choline uptake was mediated by a single Na⁺-independent, intermediate-affinity transport system in the LNCaP cells. The anticancer drugs, flutamide and bicalutamide, inhibited cell viability and [³H]choline uptake in a concentration-dependent manner. The correlations between the effects of these drugs on cell viability and [³H]choline uptake were significant. Caspase-3/7 activity was significantly increased by both flutamide and bicalutamide. Furthermore, these drugs decreased CTL1 expression in the prostate cancer cell line. These results suggest that CTL1 is functionally expressed in prostate cancer cells and are also involved in abnormal proliferation. Identification of this CTL1-mediated choline transport system in prostate cancer cells provides a potential new therapeutic target for the treatment of this disease.

• 대한핵의학회지
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• 제37권1호
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• pp.53-62
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• 2003

After the development of two major techniques - SPECT (Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography) and PET (Positron Emission Tomography) to image the human subjects in a three-dimensional direction in the 1980s, many radiotracers have been used for functional neuroimaging. Still it would be very important study to develop selective radiotracers for functional neuroimaging. New radiotracers will help to expand the knowledge of neurotransmitter systems and of the genetic contribution to receptor or transporter availability. Neurotransmitter depletion-restoration studies, the distribution of brain functions and their modulation by neurotransmitter system aid in better understanding and limiting the side effects of drugs used as well as newly developed. In audition, these radiotracers will be thus very useful to gain a better understanding in biochemical and pharmacological interactions in living human. This review mentions the introduction of radioligands for the functional neuroimaging. Although significant progress has been achieved in the development of new PET and SPECT ligands for in vivo imaging of those receptors and transporters, there are continuous needs of new diagnostic radioligands.

• 대한핵의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한핵의학회 2001년도 제40차 춘계학술대회 및 연수교육
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• pp.66-75
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• 2001

Although diverse mechanisms are involved in multidrug resistance for chemotherapeutic drugs, the development of cellular P-glycoprotein(Pgp) and multidrug-resistance associated protein (MRP) are important factors in the chemotherapy failure to cancer. Various detection assays provide information about the presence of drug efflux pumps at the mRNA and protein levels. However these methods do not yield information about dynamic function of Pgp and MRP un vivo. Single photon emission tomography (SPECT) and positron emission tomography (PET) are available for the detection of Pgp and MRP-mediated transport. $^{99m}Tc$-sestaMIBl and other $^{99m}Tc$-radiopharmaceuticals are substrates for Pgp and MRP, and have been used in clinical studies for tumor imaging, and to visualize blockade of Pgp-mediated transport after modulation of Pgp pump. Colchicine, verapamil and daunorubicin labeled with $^{11}C$ have been evaluated for the quantification of Pgp-mediated transport with PET in vivo and reported to be feasible substrates with which to image Pgp function in tumors. Leukotrienes are specific substrates for MRP and N-$[^{11}C]$acetyl-leukotriene E4 provides an opportunity to study MRP function non-invasively in vivo. Results obtained from recent publications are reviewed to confirm the feasibility of using SPECT and PET to study the functionality of MDR transporters in vivo.

• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• 제40권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2006

Addiction to illicit drugs is one of today's most important social issues. Most addictive drugs lead to irreversible parenchymal changes in the human brain. Neuroimaging data bring to light the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of the abused drugs, and demonstrate that addiction is a disease of the brain. Continuous researches better illustrate the neurochemical alterations in brain function, and attempt to discover the links to consequent behavioral changes. Newer hypotheses and theories follow the numerous results, and more rational methods of approaching therapy are being developed. Substance abuse is on the rise in Korea, and social interest in the matter as well. On the other hand, diagnosis and treatment of drug addiction is still very difficult, because how the abused substance acts in the brain, or how it leads to behavioral problems is not widely known. Therefore, understanding the mechanism of drug addiction can improve the process of diagnosing addict patients, planning therapy, and predicting the prognosis. Neuroimaging approaches by nuclear medicine methods are expected to objectively judge behavioral and neurochemical changes, and response to treatment. In audition, as genes associated with addictive behavior are discovered, functional nuclear medicine images will aid in the assessment of individuals. Reviewing published literature on neuroimaging regarding nuclear medicine is expected to be of assistance to the management of drug addict patients. What's more, means of applying nuclear medicine to the care of drug addict patients should be investigated further.