• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.35-39
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• 2000

In order to develop the indicators of environmental impact of pesticide, its actual usage in paddy rice was surveyed, and usage trends of individual pesticides were evaluated. The tendency of pesticide use indicated insecticide 43%, herbicide 29%, fungicide 27% and top ranking item in insecticide, herbicide and fungicide was carbofuran, molinate + pyrazosulfuran-ethyl, IBP. The usage statistics of formulation types showed GR>DP>WP>EC>FG>SP. Pesticide usage(a.i.) per hectare was 7.13kg and total usage for paddy rice was estimated at 8,387 M/T. In the result of comparison of fact-usage with pesticide consumption reported in 1998, the fitness was 94.7% for fungicide, 84.3% for insecticide, 77.8% for herbicide. The result of monitoring pesticide residue of unpolished-rice sampled from farm house of survey indicated 0.14 ppm(BPMC), 0.16 ppm(Isoprocarb), 0.17 ppm(Isoprothiolane). In case of rice straw, the residue level was 0.27 ppm(Isoprothiolane), 0.28 ppm(IBP), 0.39 ppm(Carbofuran). The residue levels of pesticides were below MRLs.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.40-44
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• 2001

Pesticide actual usage in fruit crop cultivation was surveyed, and usage trends of individual pesticides were evaluated to provide data for the development of indicators of environmental impact. The amount of pesticide used for fruit crops indicated the order of fungicide>insecticide>herbicide unlike the case of paddy rice. The fungicide rate of total usage was 72% in apple cultivation. Top ranking fungicides used on fruits were Mancozeb, Propineb, Thiophanate-methyl and the main insecticides were Mancozeb, Propineb, Thiophanate-methyl. The usuage by formulation types showed the order of WP>EC>SL>SC>SP>WG. Pesticide usage (a.i.) per hectare by different fruits was citrus 48.6kg, apple 27.1kg, pear 18.6kg, persimmon 17.5kg, peach 11.3kg and grape 9.2kg. Comparison of pesticide usage (a.i.,kg/ha) in some fruit crops between Korea and USA indicated that more pesticides were used for citrus, pear and peach in USA than Korea while more pesticides were used in Korea than USA for apple.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.317-323
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to estimate domestic usage amount of insecticide for fruit cultivation to suggest job-exposure matrix(JEM) regarding farmers treating agricultural insecticide. Materials and Methods: The domestic usage amount of insecticide for fruit cultivation was investigated according to two research methods. The former method is to use agricultural pesticides published annually from Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA) and the latter method is to apply cultivation area of fruit provided officially from Statistics Korea(SK). Results: It was found that its domestic usage amount has decreased gradually from the first sale to presence(2012). However, there is a significant difference of annual usage trend of insecticide for fruit cultivation between shipments and estimation. The annual usage trends of insecticide for fruit cultivation based on regional classification were different from those based on total aspect. Conclusions: The region which used insecticide for fruit cultivation the most in Korea was as follows: Gyeonsang-do, followed by Jeolla-do, Chungcheong-do, Jeju-do, Seoul/Gyeonggi-do and Gangwon-do. An averaged ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $980{\pm}186%$, which means that usage amounts of insecticide estimated by shipments are ten times higher than those based on cultivation area.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.66-73
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• 2003

Actual pesticide usage in fruit vegetable cultivation was surveyed. Usage trend of in of vidual pesticides was evaluated to provide the data for the development of indicators of environmental impact and the production of safe agricultural products. The amount of the pesticides used for fruit vegetables was revealed in order of fungicide> insecticide> herbicide, showing that the portion of fungicide to the total amount used was about 70 to 80%. Main fungicides used on fruit vegetables were mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl propineb, etc while the insecticides were imidacloprid, milbemectin, methomyl, etc. Main formulation types of pesticide were wettable powder and emulsifiable concentrate. By different fruit vegetables and cultivation patterns, pesticide use per unit area was revealed red pepper (field cultivation, 13.2kg/ha), cucumber (field cultivation, 12.4kg/ha), sweet melon (field cultivation, 11.2kg/ha) as high pesticide use crops, meanwhile, water melon (greenhouse cultivation, 1.2kg/ha), sweet melon (greenhouse cultivation, 2.2kg/ha), strawberry (field cultivation, 2.8kg/ha) as low pesticide use crops.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.395-400
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• 2012

In order to survey the actual pesticide usage, this survey was carried out on the growers of 3 plant groups, fruit vegetables, fruits and rice field, from 2009 to 2011. 390 farmers were selected from main production areas to investigate their pesticide application during the growing seasons. Input amounts per area of domestic fruit vegetables was surveyed as 11.6 kg a.i./ha for red pepper of field culture, 2.0 kg a.i./ha for red pepper of greenhouse, 2.3 kg a.i./ha for strawberry, 2.2 kg a.i./ha for watermelon, 4.8 kg a.i./ha for cucumber, 1.5 kg a.i./ha for oriental melon and 2.1 kg a.i./ha for tomato, respectively. Input amounts per area on fruits and on rice field were surveyed as 11.7 kg a.i./ha for apple, 12.5 kg a.i./ha for pear, 7.7 kg a.i./ha for peach, 4.5 kg a.i./ha for grape, 40.0 kg a.i./ha for citrus 5.4 kg a.i./ha for persimmon, and 3.46 kg a.i./ha for rice, respectively. As a result of the actual pesticide usage survey, The safety guideline for pesticide use is generally kept well by all farmers of fruits vegetables, fruits and rice.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.293-299
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• 2014

Objectives: The main objective of this study is to investigate domestic usage amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation to provide fundamental data for establishing job-exposure matrix(JEM) related to farmers treating agricultural insecticide. Materials and Methods: The survey on domestic usage amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation was conducted by two research methods. The first method is to utilize agricultural pesticides published annually from Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA). The second method is to apply cultivation area of vegetable announced officially from Statistics Korea(SK). An estimation of domestic usage amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation through the second method was done by multiplying total cultivation area of vegetable($m^2$) with optimal spray amount of insecticide for vegetable cultivation per unit cultivation area of vegetable ($kg/m^2$). Results: As a result of analysis of public data related to insecticide for vegetable cultivation, it was found that its domestic usage amount has decreased gradually from the first sale year(1969) to current year(2012). There is, however, a considerable difference of annual usage trend of insecticide for vegetable cultivation between shipments and estimation. The annual usage trends of insecticide for vegetable cultivation based on regional classification were different from those based on total aspect. Conclusions: The region which used insecticide for vegetable cultivation the most in Korea was Jeolla-do, followed by Gyeonsang-do, Chungcheong-do, Seoul/Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do and Jeju-do. Substantially, mean ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $281{\pm}115%$, which indicates that usage amounts of insecticide estimated by cultivation area are three times lower than those based on shipments.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.70-79
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• 2000

This study was done for the purpose of investigating the status of the use and perceptions of pesticides among the farmers who spray them in person. And it was also done to provide the basic statistics for the Agricultural Health Policy and study. Over the part of agricultural area in Kyungju and Ulsan City, Korea, from July to September 1999, 1032 questionnaires were distributed and 561 of them were collected and 447 were analysed. Major results of this study are as follows. The proportion of those who have special location for pesticides storage was only 5.3%, and that of those who lock hte storage location was only 13.6%. As to the treatment of bottles after use, most common response was 'burn in home'(47.7%). Most farmers purchase pesticides through 'pesticide store' or 'Agricultural Cooperatives'. The knowledge and Usage of pesticides depends in large part on experiences. The farmers who cultivate orchard spray pesticides more frequently than those cultivate paddy rice mainly. Most common pesticides in use are oganophosphates and carbamates. And also the pesticides that contains so-called 'Environmental Hormone' are used. The perception about the hazards of pesticides is rather superficial and insufficient. 'Herbicide(Gramoxon·Paraco)'(38%) is accepted as the most hazardous by farmers.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2014

Objectives: The principal aim of this study is to investigate and analyze domestic usage amounts of insecticide in rice cultivation in order to provide fundamental data for establishing a job-exposure matrix(JEM) related to farmers working with agricultural insecticides. Materials and Methods: An investigation of domestic usage amounts of insecticides rice cultivation was performed through two methods. The first method utilized information on agricultural pesticides published annually by the Korea Crop Protection Association(KCPA). The second method made use of area of cultivation of rice as officially determined by Statistics Korea(SK). An estimation of domestic usage of insecticides in rice cultivation through the second method was determined by multiplying the total cultivation area of rice($m^2$) by the optimal spray volume of insecticides for rice cultivation per unit of cultivation area($kg/m^2$). Results: As a result of the analysis of public data regarding insecticides in rice cultivation, it was found that the domestic usage amount has decreased sharply from the first year of market sales(1969) to the final data year(2012). There is little difference in the annual usage trend of insecticides in rice cultivation between shipment and estimation. Also, the annual usage trends of insecticides in rice cultivation based on regional classification were nearly similar to those based on the overall aspect. Conclusions: The region which used the largest volume of insecticide in rice cultivation in Korea was the Jeolla Provinces, followed by the Gyeonsang Provinces, the Chungcheong Provinces, Seoul/Gyeonggi Province, Gangwon Province and Jeju Province. Substantially, the mean ratio of usage amounts of insecticide based on shipments and those based on estimation by cultivation area was $96{\pm}29%$, which indicates that the domestic usage amount of insecticide for rice cultivation corresponded to the optimal spray standard per unit area.