• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.397-404
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• 2021

The web-based crowdfunding platform provides small-cap companies the opportunity to reduce financial risks and to reliably produce new products through pre-orders. Meanwhile, crowdfunding projects are also helping companies as a channel to test new products before mass production. Despite these advantages, from the point of view of businesses and consumers, it is true that web-based crowdfunding platforms have limitations in the retail environment. For example, the limited social elements of a web-based platform are somewhat in conflict with the basic characteristics of crowdfunding projects - which inevitably demand high social influences for the success. As such, understanding the mechanisms of social factors of crowdfunding platforms from the consumers' perspective is important. Therefore, in this study, we empirically tested the effect of social factors of crowdfunding platform on consumer participation and evaluation. Based on the Social Influence Theory and Social Presence Theory, we developed a conceptual framework where the social group size and social presence of other backers were the independent variables and the purchaser's intention to participate as the dependent variable. In the results, the size of the social group size and the perceived social presence have a significant positive effect on purchaser's participation intent. In addition, the social presence had a greater influence on the purchaser's intention to participate than the size of the sponsor's social group. We believe that our findings contribute to the extant literature by empirically demonstrating the valid effect of social factors of crowdfunding platforms on consumer evaluations.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.71-88
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• 2020

CB(Convertible bond) is mezzanine security that have the characteristics of bonds and stocks. From the perspective of investors, the purpose of the research is to empirically investigate the degree of investment efficiency of CB and to suggest efficient investment plans. The research method investigated the maturity interest rate, conversion price, and conversion date for CB, and then linked it with daily stock price fluctuations after the conversion date to determine the degree of investment efficiency and stock conversion effect of CB. As a result of the study, it was analyzed that the ratio of the conversion price exceeded days was only about 1/4 of the conversion date, so the investment efficiency was low. The conversion day yield was -6.3% on average and the maturity day yield was -5.2% on average, showing a minus return on average, which was calculated differently from investor expectations. It was analyzed that the number of stocks with a minus conversion day is 2.4 times greater than the number of plus stocks and 3.7 times more than the number of plus stocks with a minus maturity return, so the expected return on stock conversion of CB is low. The research contribution was derived from the problem that the expected rate of return of CB is not high, and it is that the investor's point of view when purchasing CB was established.

• Analyses & Alternatives
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.83-114
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• 2023

Previous studies on international politics dealing with World War I mainly pointed to the balance of power and alliance issues as the causes of war. This view saw the assassination of Sarajevo, the direct cause of the war, as a simple opportunity. As a result, these studies can explain 'what made war inevitable' but still need to fully explain 'why the war started in the Balkans and how it spread throughout Europe.' To compensate for the limitations of these preceding studies, this study aim to find the origin of World War 1 in the context of the Balkan, which began with the conflict between Germany-Austria and Russia-Serbia. To this end, this study analyzed the historical background of the Balkan crisis and the development of the crisis through the concept of Shoemaker and Spanier's patron-client relationship between states and crisis manipulation. As a result, it confirmed that competition between Russia and Germany and crisis manipulation attempts by their client states did not necessarily lead to war. But crisis manipulation has instilled a competitive mindset in patron states that will potentially and cumulatively work. Since then, unexpected crises have occurred, and rival patrons have suspected that their opponents are planning grand strategic conspiracies and challenges. As a result, they have become vulnerable to crisis manipulation by the clients. This situation was the cause of the outbreak of World War I in the context of the Balkans' patron-client relationship.

• Journal of the Daesoon Academy of Sciences
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• v.32
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• pp.109-136
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to look at the concept of Gaebyeok as used by Kang Jeungsan (姜甑山) from a civilizational perspective. The combination of East Asian civilization during the period of Korea's port-opening and the subsequent inflow of Western powers with material civilization all at the forefront in the late Joseon Korea, served as the driving force for a new civilizational transition. Unlike the Chuk-sa Party and the Gae-hwa Party, modern Korean religions that emphasized Gaebyeok also responded to Western civilization and suggested a new view of civilization. Kang Jeung-san, resisting discrimination and oppression, presented a civilization built upon mutual beneficence while criticizing Western civilizations which centered on reason. Amid this process of the spread of modern Western civilization, Jeungsan declared the construction of a new civilization to the people who were negatively impacted by various social factions, such as class and gender discrimination, political corruption, exploitation via political corruption, and the inflow of Western powers. Jeungsanist Thought developed criticisms of materialism and human alienation, and this resulted in the claim of Gaebyeok. This was an expression of efforts to build a new civilization that aimed to harmonize, integrate, and thrive. The new civilization envisioned by Jeungsan was that of a society run according to mutual beneficence, and it can be summarized as a 'Civilization of Harmonious Union' that integrates philosophical thought and civilizational models of both East and West. This could also be referred to a 'Civilization of Public-commons and Harmony between Divine Beings and Human Beings (神人公共).' The life of Jeungsan was a life spent in the service of curing the world to save the lives of humanity. Since then, his 'movement of mutual beneficence' as observed in Mugeuk-do and Taegeuk-do were also efforts to build the new civilization envisioned by Jeungsan.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.41
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• pp.187-218
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• 2020

Ulsan Dutbeki is a local dance handed down by the Ulsan people through custom. This study was discussed on the locality of Ulsan Dutbeki. The method of this study is as follows. First of all, the perception of Dutbeki from the perspective of Ulsan's local characteristic. First, Ulsan Dutbeki is based on the local characteristic of the southeastern coastal area of the Korean peninsula. Second, Dutbeki features local characteristics of Ulsan as a military cultural area. Third, in Dutbeki, there is a local culture of Ulsan which was originated from the village Dongjeol and outdoor performances. Next, the researcher perceived Ulsan Dutbeki which had been handed down through custom and approached its shape. The origins of the shape are, firstly, the speech tone and gestures of Ulsan people. Secondly, folk plays related to worshiping martial arts and military training. Thirdly, the characteristics of the Dutbeki dance in coastal areas of Gyeongsangdo. Fourth, local custom displayed at the village festival of Ulsan. Ulsan is a region of Gyeongsang culture area and has similarity with other localities. However, this study limited its comparisons with regard to Dutbeki that were originated from the local characteristics of other regions. The results of this study recognized Ulsan Dutbeki as a local dance in Ulsan area. In other words, this study perceived Dutbeki, which had been an entertaining component of traditional lifestyle, as an intangible cultural heritage and studied the form in every conceivable way from an artistic point of view.

• 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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• v.57 no.5
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• pp.1-11
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the views of Joseon held by Kano Jigoro, who was the creator of judo and spread the martial arts ideology across the world, to shed light on the fundamental essence of the martial arts ideology spread around Korea. Conducted in this perspective, the study generated the following results: first, Kano Jigoro grew up, receiving history education from classical scholars of Japan. He was accordingly influenced by the Seikanron, which argues that Empress Jingu, a mythical character, conquered Silla, Baekje and Gaya. The Seikanron became the basis of the Imna Ilbonbu theory during the Japanese rule and was projected onto martial arts ideas Jeongryeokseonyong and Jatagongyeong that were completed by Kano Jigoro and introduced into Joseon. Secondly, Kano Jigoro distributed and expanded the tale of statehood in the prism of martial arts ideology since the Meiji Restoration, which was possible because he connected his martial arts ideas to the statehood of Japan. As a result, they were used as the logic of Korea and Japan are One in Joseon unlike the rest of the world where they were applied as peace ideas. Finally, his martial arts ideology introduced into Joseon during the Japanese rule went through acculturation and showed the contradiction of being interpreted differently according to different individuals. Most Japanese people made use of his martial arts as a means of the Korea and Japan are One policy, whereas the pioneers of the Korean people excluded Kano Jigoro's view of state, included the nationalistic features in it, and trained their martial arts as a means of overcoming the national crisis.

• Knowledge Management Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.185-209
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• 2023

The air travel industry, which had shrunk with COVID-19, is gaining wings again. Accordingly, this study investigated whether non-verbal communication factors experienced through interaction with airline flight attendants for passengers who have traveled abroad within the past year through domestic airlines affect customer engagement and brand intimacy. A total of 285 samples were collected, and SPSS 28 and AMOS 26 programs were used to verify the reliability and validity of the research tool, the suitability of the model, and hypotheses. As a result of the empirical study analysis, it was confirmed that Paralanguage and Proxemics in non-verbal communication of flight attendants had a significant effect on customer engagement. Although it is different from the results of previous studies following changes in perspective after COVID-19, it once again confirmed the importance of airline crew communication in providing face-to-face services at the interface with passengers. In order to induce customer engagement, which is a new customer satisfaction management index. In addition, it was confirmed that customer engagement has a significant effect on brand intimacy. These results support the view that it is necessary to establish new customer management indicators of emotion and relationship marketing in the existing marketing centered on price reduction or securing loyalty. It was confirmed that interactions with flight attendants can contribute to customer engagement, and these results have important implications for those working in the air transportation industry.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.73
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• pp.117-137
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• 2023

This is a case study of an extra-curricular program that designed and implemented maker education based on design thinking to foster a Christian worldview. The program was designed at K university in the course of 10 sessions as following stages; tinkering, providing a special lecture for motivation, finding issues, empathizing, making, sharing and reflecting. A total of 15 students in 5 teams participated in the program, progressed through each stage in the process of solving the problems they found around them so that their neighbors and the creative world could become better. As a result of operating this program, the participants became concerned about their neighbors and community and reflected on the change of perspective of the world from a Christian worldview. As a suggestion for follow-up research and projects, to develop a model of maker education based on design thinking for cultivating a Christian view of the world is proposed in order to support to easy design and management of the program even if there is a lack of professional related knowledge and experience. In addition, it is needed to develop a manual and guide book including a facilitator's role and an assessment tool like a rubric that can give feedback on the performance of the program and make improvement.

• Journal of Ethics
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• no.82
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• pp.193-212
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• 2011

Republic of Korea had undergone a meaningful transformation from aid recipient country to aid donor country and it was the only case among OECD countries. It became the 24th member of DAC in November, 2009. Therefore, it is required that we have to expand assistance which comes up to current economic power of Republic of Korea. However there are weak theoretical consideration about the obligation and justification of foreign aid fundamentally. These researches are almost about communitarianistic, liberalistic perspectives of view but with these, it is hard to enlarge current foreign aid into international level and it also takes a passive approach in obligation to provide. With these contexts in mind, this study proposes cosmotolitanism as an new alternative of foreign aid. This paper seeks to discuss that why we should give assistance to poverty-stricken counties and checking whether we have a obligation of foreign aid or not and the way or the extent to deal with if there is a obligation to help. Cosmotolitanism suggests that whole world is obliged with helping each other to enjoy equal rights and meet the obligation for others because people of the third world countries also have their own lives on the Earth like us and they are sharing all-global plan and future together. The existing discussion took a negative, restrictive attitude but it could mention that there is great relevance to discuss about Cosmotolitanism since it connotes the obligation for the third countries and their people itself.

• Korean Association for Visual Culture
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• v.17
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• pp.65-92
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• 2011

This thesis investigates the complex functions of the magic lantern in illusionism and enlightment which was the most popular visual media and the direct ancestor of cinema. Especially, the thesis focuses on the characteristics of magic lantern's images which had been varied with the scientific and technological development. During the early period of the magic lantern, from the late 18th century to the beginning of the 19th century, it frightened viewers by showing magic images with ghosts and spectres, 'phantasmagoria', and wondered with images of natural catastropes and interesting stories like fables and fairy tales, which fulfilled the entertainment function. Since the mid 19th century the magic lantern began to show not only pictures of the 'scientific themes' on the earth, nature and human, but also them of the ethnological on the far, exotic worlds like Africa, Amazon and Syberia etc. from the European perspective. These contents conducted the educative function and contributed to the process of Enlightment to the peoples in the pre-modern age. The two functions of the magic lantern such as entertainment and education had been neither historically followed, nor clearly divided, but the one was predominant according to the development of lantern techniques as well as the changes of the world view and the culture of the time. The entertainment function of the magic lantern based on the visual fantacy did exist in the late 19th century further, and also in the late industrial society, even in the age of highly developed science and technology, viewers want rather 're-enchantment' by illusionism than facts and truths on the reality. This is an essential characteristic of the moving image media, as it had already been presented in the images of the magic lantern.