• 생약학회지
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• 제42권1호
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• pp.38-45
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• 2011

Mountainous vegetables are usually used in the early stage of plant growth. We attempted to identify the quantity of polyphenols (caffoeoylquinic acids (CQs) and flavonoids) and peroxynitrite scavenging effect ($ONOO^-$) of eight Korean mountainous vegetables. The prominent characteristics were as follows: Only the roots of two plants Taraxacum platycarpum and Ixeris dentata contained chicoric acid. Five CQs were identified in the leaves of Cacalia firma whereas only 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid in the petioles of the plant was shown. The quantities of polyphenols such as quinic acid or tartaric acid derivatives in the mountainous vegetables were generally high, though those of flavonoids were very low. The $IC_{50}$ of chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid and kaempferol were 0.31, 0.12 and $0.25\;{\mu}g/ml$, respectively.

• 생약학회지
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• 제42권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2011

Seventeen 30% EtOH extracts from the Compositae plants collected in Gangwon-do, Korea during autumn season were analyzed by HPLC using three standard caffeoylquinic acids (chlorogenic acid, 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid, 3,5-di-Omuco-quinic acid) and six flavonoids (rutin, isoquercitrin, astragalin, quercitrin, quercetin and kaempferol) to find the composition of phenolic compounds and also assayed to evaluate the peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$) scavenging effect. The extracts with $IC_{50}$ values less than 2.0 ${\mu}g/ml$ were as follows: Aster tartaricus ($IC_{50}$, $1.26{\pm}0.10\;{\mu}g/ml$), A. maaki ($1.45{\pm}0.03\;{\mu}g/ml$), Solidago virga-aurea, ($1.45{\pm}0.03\;{\mu}g/ml$), Picris hierraciodes var. glabrescens ($1.45{\pm}0.04 \;{\mu}g/ml$), Lactuca triangulata ($1.50{\pm}0.09\;{\mu}g/ml$), Chrysanthemum zawadskii ssp. acutilobum, ($1.79{\pm}0.14\;{\mu}g/ml$). Particularly, the proportion of total phenolic compounds measured in the extract of L. triangulata was highest as the value 54.51%.

• 생약학회지
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.370-375
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• 2009

Overproduction of peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) causes a variety of disease such as atherosclerosis, hypercholesterolemia, diabetes mellitus or obesity. Peroxynitrite scavenging activities and HPLC analysis on the five Oriental medicinal drugs belonging to the genus Citrus, Aurantium or Poncirus (Rutaceae family) and HPLC analysis were taken to evaluate flavanone glycosides with peroxynitrite scavenging activity. The $IC_{50}s$ of the five crude drugs were shown as follows: Aurantii nobilis Pericarpium (Jinpi, 18.3 ${\mu}g$/ml), Citrii unshiu Pericarpium (Chungpi, 7.50${\mu}g$/ml), Citrii unshiu Semen (Gyulhaek, >50.0${\mu}g$/ml), Aurantii Fructus (Jigak, 18.3${\mu}g$/ml), and Poncirii Fructus (Jisil, >50.0${\mu}g$/ml) where Korean crude drug's names are noted in the parenthesis. Peroxynitrite scavenging effect of flavanones or their glycosides usually contained in Citrus species were observed as follows: hesperetin (1.89 ${\mu}g$/ml), naringenin (7.77 ${\mu}g$/ml), hesperidin (8.44 ${\mu}g$/ml), poncirin (>50.0 ${\mu}g$/ml)and ponciretin(>50.0 ${\mu}g$/ml). The activities of naringin and poncirin with ${\alpha}$-L-rhamnopyranosyl($1{\rightarrow}2$)-${\beta}$-D-glucopyranosyl moiety were weak. HPLC analytical data revealed that Jinpi (the peels of mature fruits of Citrus unshiu) and Chungpi (the peels of immature fruits of C. unshiu) had high quantities of hesperidin as the value of 142.1${\pm}$0.21 and 104.51${\pm}$1.10 mg/g dried weight, respectively. Poncirin was clearly detected in only Jisil and naringenin and naringin were not observed on the HPLC chromatogram of the five crude drugs.

• KSBB Journal
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.275-282
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• 2015

Dried samples of Ligustrum japonicum were extracted twice: with methylene chloride and with methanol (MeOH), respectively. The combined crude extracts were successively fractionated into n-hexane, 85% aqueous methanol (85% aq.MeOH), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and water fractions by liquid-liquid partition. Antioxidant activities of crude extract and its solvent fractions were evaluated by measuring authentic $ONOO^-$, and $ONOO^-$ generated from 3-morpholinsydnonimine (SIN-1) as well as degree of occurrence of intracellular ROS in HT 1080 cells, and genomic DNA oxidation. The 85% aq.MeOH and n-BuOH fractions exhibited the good antioxidant activity. Further purification of the 85% aq.MeOH fracition led to the isolation of Oleanolic acid (1), Maslinic acid (2), and Ursolic acid (3). All compounds showed the significant antioxidant effects in all assay systems.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

본 연구는 천연소재용 이용하여 식품 저장성과 안전성 향상을 위한 식품첨가제나 보존제등의 개발 가능성을 알아보고자 민간에서 사용되어 온 노박덩굴 분획물에 대한 항산화 효과 및 항균활성을 측정하였다. DPPH free radical 소거활성을 측정하여 항산화 활성효과를 알아 본 결과 COMB층이 $39.75{\mu}g/ml$에서 50%의 DPPH free radical의 소거활성을 보여 가장 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었다. ROS 제거활성 측정결과에서도 COMB층이 가장 높은 항산화 효과를 나타내었으며 $4.73{\mu}g/ml$에서 50%의 ROS 제거 활성을 나타내어 positive control로 사용한 trolox와 거의 유사한 제거활성을 보였다. 그리고 $ONOO^-$ 제거활성 역시 COMB층이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 특히 positive control인 penicillamine 의 IC50값인 $4.34{\mu}g/ml$과 비교하였을 때 더 높은 제거 활성 효과를 나타내어 높은 항산화 효과를 확인할 수 있었다. 또한 paper disc method를 이용한 항균효과 실험 결과, 사용한 모든 균주에서 COMH층을 제외한 COMM, COMB 및 COMA층이 항균활성을 나타내었다. 특히 bacillus subtilis에서는 COMH층을 제외한 모든 층에서 농도에 비례하여 항균력이 점차 증가하였으며, 전반적으로 COMM층과 COMB층에서 높은 항균활성을 나타냄을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구 결과를 종합해보면 항산화효과는 노박덩굴의 butanol 분획층인 COMB층에서 가장 높았으며 그 다음으로 COMM 순이었다. 항균 효과는 사용한 모든 균주에서 methanol 분획층인 COMM 층이 전반적으로 높은 항균활성이 나타났으며 COMB층이 다음으로 높은 항균활성을 나타내었다. 이 상의 결과로 노박덩굴의 butanol 분획층인 COMB층과 methanol 분획층인 COMM 중에서 항산화 활성과 항균력을 나타내는 효과적인 생리 활성물질이 함유되어 있을 것으로 사료되어 지며, 앞으로 더욱 심도 있는 연구용 통하여 천연 항산화제, 천연식품보조제 및 천연 항균제등의 기능성 식품으로서의 활용가능성을 기대할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.671-678
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• 2007

Diabetes is a disease in which the body does not produce or properly use insulin. Etiological studies of diabetes and its complications showed that oxidative stress might play a major role. Therefore, many efforts have been tried to regulate free oxygen radicals for treating diabetes and its complications. Gamigukihwandong-hwan has been known to be effective for the treatment of diabetes. The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of Gamigukihwandong-hwan on renal function, peroxynitrite (ONOO$^-$) scavenging activity and polyol pathway in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The crushed Gamigukihwandong-hwan was extracted 3 times, each time with 3 volumes of methyl alcohol at 60$^{\circ}C$ for 24 h. The extract was filtered and evaporated under a reduced pressure using a rotary evaporator to yield 74.95 g. Gamigukihwandong-hwan extract was oral-administered 100 mg per 1 kg of body weight for 20 days to the diabetic rats induced by streptozotocin (60 mg/kg). The effects of Gamigukihwandong-hwan extract on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were observed by measuring the serum level of glucose, insulin, lipid components, creatinine and BUN, and also the kidney levels of superoxide anion radical (${\cdot}O_2^-$), nitric oxide (NO) and ONOO$^-$, and also the enzyme activities involved in polyol pathway. The Effects of Gamigukihwandong-hwan on the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats with regards to body weight, blood glucose and insulin levels, creatinine and BUN levels, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels, and HDL-cholesterol levels were all shown to be good enough to cure and prevent the diabetes and its complications. Gamigukihwandong-hwan inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}O_2^-$, NO and ONOO$^-$ in the kidney of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Renal aldose reductase and sorbitol dehydrogenase activities were increased in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, whereas the ones in the Gamigukihwandong-hwan administered group among the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were reversed toward the natural activities. Gamigukihwandong-hwan might inhibit the development of diabetic nephropathy by scavenging reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, thereby by reducing oxidative stresses and also by regulating the activities of polyol pathway enzymes, all of which could help to recover the function of kidney.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2015

Lactuca raddeana (Compositae) is used to treat obesity and complications due to diabetes. The five phenolic compounds including chlorogenic acid, chicoric acid, luteolin 7-O-glucoside, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, luteolin were qualitatively identified by LC-ESI-MS analysis. The contents were quantitatively determined by HPLC, under the condition of a Capcell Pak C18 column ($5{\mu}m$, $250mm{\times}4.6mm\;i.d.$) and a gradient elution of 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and 0.05% TFA in $MeOH-H_2O$ (60 : 40). The contents of chicoric acid (100.99 mg/g extract) and luteolin 7-O-glucoside (101. 69 mg/g extract) were high, while those of other three phenolic substances were very low. The 3T3-L1 adipocyte cells treated with chicoric acid and luteolin 7-O-glucuronide significantly suppressed the accumulation of fat, suggesting they are effective against obesity. Since high level of peroxynitrite (ONOO) causes cardiovascular disease in obese patients, its scavenging activity was also studied.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.122-125
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• 2000

Allenic and epoxy carotenoid, fucoxanthin (1) was isolated from the marine bacillariophycean microalga Hantzschia marina and the structure was assigned on the basis of comprehensive spectroscopic analyses. Fucoxanthin was detected only from diatom among three families (green algae, diatom and blue-green algae) of the marine microalgae tested. Fucoxanthin showed free radical scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and peroxynitrite $(ONOO^-)$ with $IC_{50}$ values of $32\;{\mu}M\;and\;60\;{\mu}M$, respectively.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.91-95
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• 2008

본 연구에서는 ${O_2}^-,{\cdot}OH$ radical, NO, $ONOO^-$ 자유라디칼을 유발시키는 in vitro assay system과 free radical-induced oxidative stress에 의한 단백질 손상에 대한 진흙버섯속에 속하는 상황버섯 물 추출물의 항산화 효과를 측정하였다. 상황버섯 물 추출물의 ${O_2}^-,{\cdot}OH$ radical, NO, $ONOO^-$ 자유라디칼 억제효과에서는 실험에 사용된 양성 대조물 보다는 낮게 나타났으나 모든 실험계에서 대조군에 비해 뚜렷하게 자유라디칼 소거효과를 나타냈다. 또한 상황버섯 물 추출물은 산화적 스트레스에 의한 단백질 손상 억제효과에서도 대조군에 비해 명확한 저해효과를 나타냈다. 그러므로 상황버섯의 항산화 효과는 상황버섯의 약리학적 효능을 설명하는데 중요한 기초 자료라고 사료된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.483-490
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• 2012

This study was designed to identify the effects of Polygoni cuspidati Radix(PCR) on the generation of superoxide anion radicals (${\cdot}O_2{^-}$), nitric oxide (NO), peroxynitrite ($ONOO^-$) in the renal epithelial cells of mouse(LLC-$PK_1$). The effects of PCR on the expression of inflammation-related proteins, IKK-${\alpha}$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$, VCAM-1, were examined by western blotting. For this study, the fluorescent probes, namely dihydrorhodamine 123 (DHR 123), 2',7'-dichloro dihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA), 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF-2) were used. Protein expression levels of IKK-${\alpha}$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, NF-${\kappa}B$ (p50, p65), COX-2, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$, VCAM-1 were assayed by western blot. PCR reduced $H_2O_2$-induced cell death dose-dependently. It inhibited the generation of ${\cdot}O_2{^-}$, NO, $ONOO^-$ and $PGE^2$ in the $H_2O_2$-treated LLC-PK1 cells in vitro. PCR inhibited the espression of IKK-${\alpha}$, phospho-$I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, COX-2, iNOS, IL-$1{\beta}$ and VCAM-1 genes by means of decreasing the NF-${\kappa}B$ activation. These results suggest that PCR is an effective NO, ${\cdot}O_2{^-}$, $ONOO^-$ scavenger, and this substance recommended to be applied in treatment for the inflammatory process and inflammation-related disease.