• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.44-50
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• 2000

MS균을 이용한 음식폐기물의 효율적인 처리 방법의 모색과 양돈사료 자원화를 위한 기초자료를 확보하고자 처리방법에 따른 사료성상, 조성분, 광물질 및 유해 중금속을 분석한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. MS균을 처리하기전 수거된 음식폐기물은 그 배출원과 수집일에 따라 성상 및 조성분 성분이 다양하였으며, 음식폐기물 집하장에서 건조처리전 수거된 시료의 수분 함량은 계절적 요인에 크게 영향을 받았다. MS균에 의한 발효 공정을 거친 후 음식폐기물의 악취가 거의 소멸되었고, 사료로서의 좋은 성상을 보여주었다. 특히, 조지방 및 조단백질 함량이 높은 사료자원으로 평가되었다. MS균 처리 후 음식폐기물의 광물질 함량 분석결과 다량원소 (특히 칼슘)의 함량이 곡류나 농산부산물보다 높았다. 전반적으로 다른 식물성 및 동물성 단미사료원에 비해 균형있는 광물질 구성 및 함량을 가지는 것으로 분석되었다. MS균 처리 전과 후 처리과정 중 음식폐기물내의 중금속 분석결과 수은, 비소, 불소 및 크롬은 미검출되었고 납과 카드뮴은 미량존재하나 배합사료내 허용범위에 훨씬 낮은 수준을 함유하고 있어 사료자원으로의 재활용함에 있어 안전한 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 음식폐기물의 성상 및 사료성분을 고려할 때, 적절한 처리 및 발효공정을 통해 양돈사료자원으로서 재활용될 수 있는 충분한 가치가 있음을 제시한다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.426-435
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• 2017

온라인베팅은 누구나 언제 어디서나 접속이 가능하며 ICT기술의 발전에 따라 베팅의 편리성과 다양한 기회로 국내 불법 도박규모는 합법 사행산업의 4배 이상에 달하며, 불법 온라인베팅 시장 또한 가파르게 커지고 있다. 이에, 국내에서 운영되고 있는 체육진흥투표권과 전자복권 외에 다른 유형의 온라인베팅도 확대허용하고 관리해야 할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. 본 연구는 온라인베팅 확대허용에 대한 인식, 온라인베팅 확대허용 시 운영방안과 불법 온라인베팅 축소방안에 대한 인식을 온라인베팅 이용자, 중독자 및 일반인 대상으로 파악하였다. 분석결과, 온라인베팅 확대허용에 대한 긍정적 부정적 인식에 집단별 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 검증되었으며, 합법 온라인베팅 종목으로 경주류 베팅 확대허용 시 운영방안에 대한 인식 차이도 의미 있는 차이를 보였다. 이를 통해 온라인베팅 확대허용으로 양성화하게 되면 불법 온라인베팅 이용자가 합법 온라인베팅 이용자로 전환하게 될 가능성과 건전하게 이용할 수 있는 가능성이 있다는 것이 확인된 만큼 온라인베팅 확대허용의 긍정적 효과를 기대할 수 있을 것이다.

• 보건행정학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.97-121
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• 2004

Recently, human embryonic stem cell research raises exciting public expectation on medical possibilities as well as ethical debate. Embryo management has become an integral part of the management of infertility treatment, researches on embryo and human embryonic stem cells and so on. Britain has permitted the research on stem cells derived from human embryo which made the first nation to allow the cloning of human embryo for the stem cell research. However, new technologies such as the assisted reproductive technologies and human embryonic stem cell research continue to pose an increasing source of ethical dilemmas for physician, scientists, legislators, religious authorities and the general publics to deal with. None the less, the United Kingdom has adopted the most liberal policies regarding human embryo and human embryonic stem cell research. The implication of the British embryo management system are as follows: 1) the development of reproductive technologies and new stem cell research technologies continue to pose legal and ethical debates, since those involve several parties; 2) the UK has taken the legal and institutional approaches to cope with those serious issues; 3) the UK adopted most liberal policies regarding embryonic and human embryonic stem cell researches; 4) the British HFE Act is consistent with the existing Acts related to human embryo management and researches; 5) through amending the HFE Act to accomodate the changes of technologies, the UK try to minimize the legal and ethical burden on undertaking research regarding embryo. The debates about the researches on human embryo and human embryonic stem cells is likely to continue in the Korean society. Because of the controversy and competing ethical values, as well as the evolving technologies, so far no consensus exists in our society. It suggest that it is premature to bring closure by ruling out any particular approaches. Thus our society needs to make an efforts to find a basis which could resolve the societal controversies through enriching the societal conversation about the profound ethical issues regarding embryo management.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.89-94
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• 1973

Esophagel atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula may occur as separate entities but usually occur in combination. First described by Durston in 1670, esophageal atresia was not successfully treated until 1939 when Ladd in Boston and Leven in St. Paul obtained the first survivors utilizing the methods of gastrostomy, esophagostomy and extrapleural ligation of the tracheoesophageal fistula as multiple operations which required months of hospitalization. Two years later Cameron Haight performed the first successful primary repair and afterward about 2000 cases of esophageal atresia with distal tracheoesophageal fistula reported in the world. In Korea, there appeared about 27 cases in the literature and 8 successful repaired cases noted in these year. Anther report two cases of esophageal atresia, of which one case was successfully treated with Haight`s method. Case 1.: Normal full term delivered boy with chief complaints of respiratory difficulty and persistent drooling with chocking, 3. lkg, was admitted with emergency 5 hours after delivery. Physical findings revealed no specific abnormal signs except distended abdomen and grunting respiration. Esophagograrn and bronchogram revealed proximal esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula proximal to the carina. Parent refused operative therapy and patient died 24 hours after discharge. Case 2. :3. lkg. normal full term delivered girl was admitted 4 days after delivery with chief complaints of regurgitation after feeding, chocking, cyanotic spell and fever since the day after delivery. Physical examination revealed persistent drooling, grunting respiration, and fever with moderate dehydration. Tracheoesophageal suction and fluid therapy with antibiotics improved her condition and subsided ]pneumonic condition. Esophagogram revealed markedly dilated proximal esophagus as blind loop and stomach distended with gas, and repairing operation as Haight`s method was performed on the 7th day after delivery. Patient tolerated all the operative procedure well and recovered uneventfully. Esophagogram on the 7th postoperative day showed passage of the lipiodol through the anastomotic side with moderate stricture,and feeding permitted. Patient tolerated all the feeding amount well and discharged on the 11th postoperative day. Followup revealed intermittent regurgitation after feeding and corrected with bougination.

• 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.61-73
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• 1995

For the managements of the diagnostic X-ray equipments, the authors examined the output of single phase rectification assembly, Three phase rectification assembly and serial radiographic appartus, and got the following conclusions. 1. When the tube voltages in X-ray control panels ware compared to the measured values on the kVp pulse meter, only little differences were detected in all the X-ray equipments. And most of the equipments were all well managed within the internationally permitted limits, excepting the 12.02 % error at 120 kVp in three phase rectifying assembly. 2. As for the X-ray qualities affecting the X-ray images, the serial radiographic apparatus showed excellence, while the single phase rectification assembly were somewhat inferior to the others only maining the internationally recommended limits. 3. The tube voltage ranges where the X-ray output showed excellence were $100{\sim}200\;mA$ in serial radiographic apparatus, $200{\sim}350\;mA$ in three phase rectification assembly and $350{\sim}400\;mA$ in single phase rectification assembly respectively. 4. In the repeatability test of the X-ray equipments, CVs were in the range of $0.0029{\sim}0.049$, which is within the HEW or KS standards. Consequently all the equipments are thought to be well-manage. 5. This study on characteristics and output of the X-ray equipments was accomplished within a limited short time. Long-time researches on the function managements for the X-ray equipments should be followed along with the periodical checking the output for reduction of X-ray exposures to the patients or radio-technologists, and for maintanance and prediction of trouble of the equipments.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.390-405
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• 2021

Gait analysis trackers have been developed to monitor daily gait patterns to improve users' running performance and reduce the risk of injuries. A variety of gait analysis trackers are available on the market(e.g., foot pods, insoles). Depending on the type of gait analysis tracker, users' discomfort or satisfaction as well as required properties may differ. Hence, the purpose of this study was to compare and analyze user experience of three different types of commercial shoe-mounted gait analysis trackers and their mobile applications in a laboratory environment using questionnaires based on actual experiences of each product. Ten males and ten females who regularly enjoy walking and running exercises participated in the experiment. After the participants set up the tracker and application themselves without support from researchers, ten to thirty minutes' exercise was permitted on each product. Following this, the participants answered questionnaires containing evaluation variables on the device and mobile application, as well as satisfaction, intention to use, recommendation, and purchase. In addition, they were asked questions about the attractive features and shortcomings of each device and application. The results showed that the PRO-SPECS^® smart insole was preferred over the others for ease of use, perceived durability, psychological burden of the design, and usefulness of the information provided by the application. Along with the results of questionnaire, this study also discussed strategies and recommendations for future product design and development.

• 기술경영경제학회:학술대회논문집
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• 기술경영경제학회 1996년도 제10회 동계학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.196-238
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• 1996

Because global innovation-based competition is increasing and the amount of R&D expenditures becomes severely large, it is more likely that mergers and collaborative ventures tend to affect adversely to R&D competition Against this trend, enforcing agency of advanced countries including U.S.A are reassessing certain aspects of competition policy toward mergers and acquisition to ensure that procompetitive, efficiency-enhancing transactions are permitted. The role of competition policy is developing and appropriating new technology and protects the risks involved in the licensing contract of technologies. The role of intellectual property rights is also contrived to promote technological innovation and to increase consumer welfare. That is to say, dynamic efficiency of intellectual property rights includes (l) increase in social welfare and (2) promotion of growth by improvement of quality through invention and commercialization of new product as well as enhanced productive efficiency thorough appropriating new process. Because intellectual property rights are licensed to make use of complementary inputs, the rule of reason approach seems proper when applying antitrust law. To analyze the "Antitrust Guidelines for the Licensing and Acquisition of Intellectual Property"by DOJ and FTC in U.S.A, the author surveyed pros and cons on innovation market approach. This approach will only be used in a narrow range of situations when the evidence is solid, concentration numbers are extremely high, and the agencies can predict with a high degree of certainty that the merger will likely lead either to a slowing in the pace of innovation or the loss of an alternative research track that is likely to lead to a product beneficial to consumers. The author introduces the studies on licensing contract of intellectual property rights and competition polices on behalf of potential inquirers. Also the author invites the interdisciplinary researchers to analyze further with a model on the aspects of the "Notice 1995-10 for Types and Criteria on Unfair Transaction Behavior in International Contracts" by Fair Trade Committee of Korea.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.321-326
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• 2016

The porcine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is called swine leukocyte antigen (SLA), which controls immune responses and transplantation reactions. The SLA is mapped on pig chromosome 7 (SSC7) near the centromere. In this study, 3 class I (SLA-1, SLA-3, and SLA-2) and 3 class II (DRB1, DQB1, and DQA) genes were used for investigation of SLA haplotypes in Yucatan miniature pigs in Korea. This pig breed is a well-known model organism for biomedical research worldwide. The current study indicated that Korean Yucatan pig population had 3 Class I haplotypes (Lr-4.0, Lr-6.0, and Lr-25.0) and 3 class II haplotypes (Lr-0.5, Lr-0.7, and Lr-0.25). The combinations of SLA class I and II haplotype together, 2 homozygous (Lr-4.5/4.5 and Lr-6.7/6.7) and 3 heterozygous (Lr-4.5/6.7, Lr-4.5/25.25, and Lr-6.7/25.25) haplotypes were identified, including previously unidentified new heterozygous haplotypes (Lr-4.5/4.7). In addition, a new SLA allele typing method using Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer was developed that permitted more rapid identification of SLA haplotypes. These results will facilitate the breeding of SLA homozygous Yucatan pigs and will expedite the possible use of these pigs for the biomedical research, especially xenotransplantation research.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제33권3호
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• pp.549-552
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• 2004

본 연구는 식품 중 식품에 사용이 불가한 수단 1호, 2호, 3호 및 4호 등 4종의 유용성 색소에 대한 안전성 확보 및 효율적 품질관리를 위해 박층크로마토그래피 (TLC)와 고속액체 크로마토그래피 (HPLC-PDA)를 이용한 정성, 정량분석법을 확립하고자 수행하였다. $C_{18}$-silica를 사용하여 methanol : water(95 : 5)으로 전개하였을 때 수단색소들의 R$_{f}$ 값은 0.27～0.59로 산출되었다. HPLC-PDA를 이용하여 water와 acetonitrile용매를 사용하여 분석한 결과 20분내에 모두 분리되었으며 검량선의 농도 범위는 0.1 ∼ 100.0 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 고춧가루, 김치 및 깍두기 등 식품을 대상으로 적용한 결과, 회수율은 고춧가루에서는 85.84∼96.95%, 김치에서는 86.24∼104.30%, 깍두기에서는 83.02∼99.93%의 양호한 결과를 얻었으며 , 검출한계는 수단 1호 및 2호는 0.01 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL, 수단3호 및 4호는 0.02 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL으로 나타났다.

• 한국농공학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.4184-4194
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• 1976

Located in the southwestern part of Korea, the Yong San Gang river flows generally northeast to southwest, and because of the specific location, topography and climate, the basin area is subject to recurrent drought and flood damages. To eliminate the cause of such damages and ensure an increase in the farm income by means of effective irrigation supply and increased cropping intensity, efforts are being made to speed up implementation of an integrated agricultural development project which would include construction. of an estuary dam and irrigation facilities as well as land development and tidal reclarnation. In formulating a basin development project plan, it is necessary to study a series of long-term runoff data. The catchment area at the proposed estuary damsite is 3,471$\textrm{km}^2$ with the total length of the river channel up to this point reaching 138km. An analysis of runoff in this area was carried out. Rainfall was estimated by the Thiessen Network based on records available from 15 of the rainfall observation stations within the area. Out of the 15 stations, Kwang Ju and Mok Po stations were keeping long-term precipitation records exceeding some 60 years while the others were in possession of only 5-10 years records. The long-term records kept by those stations located in the center of the basin were used as base records and records kept by the remaining stations were supplemented using the coefficient of correlation between the records kept by the base stations and the remainder. The analyses indicate that the average annual rainfall measured at Kwang Ju during 1940-1972 (33 years) amounts to 1,262mm and the areal rainfall amounts to 1,236mm. For the purpose of runoff analysis, 7 observatories, were set up in the middle and lower reaches of the river and periodic measurements made by these stations permitted analysis of water levels and river flows. In particular, the long-term data available from Na Ju station significantly contributed to the analysis. The analysis, made by 4-stage Tank method, shows that the average annual runoff during 1940-1972 amounts to 2,189 million ㎥ at the runoff rate of 51%. As for the amount of monthly runoff, the maximum is 484.2 million ㎥ in July while the minimum is 48.3 million ㎥ in January.