• Korean Journal of Child Studies
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.21-33
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• 2005

Two hundred ten kindergarten teachers participated in this investigation of the relationship between kindergarten teacher's achievement orientation and teacher efficacy. Instruments were the Teacher Efficacy Scale(Lee, 2002) and the Goal Orientation Scale(Lee, 2002). Data analyzed by ANOVA and hierarchical multiple regression analyses revealed that more highly educated and older teachers were more highly oriented toward mastery goals. Teacher high in mastery and in performance orientation exhibited higher efficacy while low mastery oriented teachers were low in efficacy. The influence of performance goal orientation significantly explained the variance in teacher efficacy. The incremental explanation on teacher efficacy by achievement goal orientation after controlling for demographic variables was statistically significant.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.285-297
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• 1996

This study has been done for the purpose of investigating the degrees of death orientation and terminal care performance. The factors related to these two variables, and the relationship between death orientation and terminal care performance. The subjects of study were 128 nurses who implemented nursing care for terminally ill patients at C University Hospital in Kwang Ju city. The data were collected from March 13 to 19, 1996, by means of Death Orientation by Thorson Powell(1988) and Terminal Care Performance Scale by researcher. The data were analysed by t-test, ANOVA, Duncan test and Pearson's correlation coefficient. The Results of this study were summarized as follows : 1. The mean score of death orientation was 61.4. The degree of death orientation showed no significant difference depending on the general characteristics of nurses. 2. The mean score of terminal care performance was 45.5. In comparison of the degree of terminal care performance among three domains, the mean score of each item tended to show higher degrees in order of 'Psychological domain(2.4)', 'Physical domain(2.2)', 'Spiritual domain(1.9)'. 3. The degree of terminal care performance showed significant differences in age(F=11.48 p=.0001), marital status(t=10.49 p=.0015), religion(t=5.01 p=.0270), period of clinical experience(F=10.30 p=.0001) and ward unit(F=3.73 p=.0036). The degree of terminal care performance in physical domain showed significant differences in age(F=7.26 p=.0010), marital status(t=9.72 p=.0023), period of clinical experience(F=7.03 p=.0013), ward unit(F=6.23 p=.0001). The degree of terminal care performance in psychological domain showed significant differences in age(F=8.73 p=.0003), marital status(t=4.22 p=.0419), religion(t=5.59 p=.0196), period of clinical experience(F=6.36 p=.0023), ward unit(F=3.33 p=.0075). The degree of terminal care performance in spiritual domain showed significant differences in age(F=8.30 p=.0004), marital status(t=10.45 p=.0016), religion(F=5.41 p=.0216), period of clinical experience(F=8.80 p=.0003). 4. The relationship between the degrees of death orientation and terminal care performance showed no correlation(r=-.026 p=.7746).

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.103-114
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• 2014

The concept of entrepreneurial orientation has been recognized as a key driver for success of business ventures. Since small and medium-sized business ventures usually lack in business experience, firm level entrepreneurship seems to play an important role in generating firm performance. Following those logics, traditional approaches assumed that the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and firm performance is linear, but recently studies start to report non-linear relationships. However, only a few researches examines and compares the performance effects of entrepreneurial orientation with diverse performance indicators. Current study explores the effects of entrepreneurial orientation both on financial and innovative performance with 1,497 Korean small and medium-sized business ventures. This study finds that there is a linear relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and financial performance, but inverted U-shaped relationships between entrepreneurial orientation and innovative performance, measured by product novelty and patent issued. Also those relationship patterns are consistent with different measurement of entrepreneurial orientation. Based on these results, theoretical implications with some limitations are discussed.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.83-93
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• 2021

This study is to verify the components of social entrepreneurship, market orientation and the causal relationship by examining the impact of each factor on the performance of social enterprises. The survey was conducted on certified social enterprises and the sample of 142 copies was demonstrated with SPSS 22.0. The analysis of the impact on the economic and social performance of social enterprises is as follows. First, the social value orientation and risk sensitivity showed significant results indicating that the social enterprise had a significant impact in part on the economic performance. The social value orientation of the spirit of social entrepreneurs showed significant results on the social performance. Second, market orientation has been shown to have a significant positive influence on both the economic and social performance. This study empirically assessed the impact of Social Entrepreneurship and Market Orientation on the Social and Economic Performance the re-recognition of the importance of social enterprise requires. Next, more active research on market orientation is required in the future in order to strengthen the competitiveness of social enterprises.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.119-131
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to examine the mediated effects of entrepreneurship and market orientation on organizational culture and management performance as the cause of the reversal phenomenon of startups defeating traditional giants. Through the research method of bootstrapping proposed by Hayes (2013), the total effect, direct effect and indirect effect analysis were conducted. As a result, there was no direct impact relationship between organizational culture and management performance, but it was confirmed that it had a positive impact on management performance by mediating both entrepreneurial behavior and market orientation in the relationship between organizational culture and management performance. This study is meaningful in that it is linked to existing theories such as entrepreneurship and market orientation and it extends the scope of competency targets required for business performance to an organizational culture. Companies need to create an innovation-oriented organizational culture for management performance and value creation, and they have to open up their culture with entrepreneurial behavior and market orientation by breaking away from the inertia of organization.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.173-193
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• 2020

Purpose - This study aims to examine the effect of entrepreneurship of start-ups on export performance when the business closure rate is higher than business start-up rate in Korea. Thus, this study analyzes various factors for start-ups established within the past seven years and uses export performance as an indicator. Prior to analysis of factors, the study defines the concepts of start-up factors based on various studies. Design/methodology - In order to analyze the export performance of startups, this study conducted an empirical analysis using statistical analysis. Theories were established based on previous studies, and hypotheses and research models were designed based on the established theories. Subsequently, in order to verify the research hypothesis and research model, factor analysis such as validity and reliability, and structural equation modeling were analyzed. Findings - As a result of analysis based on previous studies, we found that there is a difference between theoretical and practical aspects. Whereas previous studies showed that market orientation, technology orientation, and social capital have a direct impact on export performance, the present study analyzed that there is no such impact, and that technology capabilities were important as a result of the unique traits of start-ups. Originality/value - Existing studies have limitations in understanding the overall characteristics of a company by using market orientation, technology orientation, and social capital as individual independent variables. In addition, the existing researches have been analyzed in relation to corporate performance, whereas this study has been limited to export performance, so it can be regarded as different from other studies.

• Journal of Distribution Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.79-96
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• 2008

This research has the goal of model presentation which explains the mediating role of the salespeople-related variables(customer orientation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment) and the customer-related variables(service quality, service value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty) on the market orientation's effect on the performance. We collected survey data from 152 shop managers working in the department-store. In the result of final analysis, all 12 hypotheses are supported with statistically significance. The market orientation of firm increases the salespeople-related variables(customer orientation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment), and the salespeople-related variables increase the customer-related variables(service quality, service value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty). Finally, customer loyalty increases the performance. This research has the contribution of explanation which shows the mediating role of the salespeople-related variables(customer orientation, job satisfaction, and organizational commitment) and the customer-related variables(service quality, service value, customer satisfaction, and customer loyalty) on the market orientation's effect on the performance. According to the result of this research, firms have to focus on the market orientation and understand the role of salespeople-related variables and customer-related variables on the process between the market orientation and the performance.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.10 no.10
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• pp.17-24
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• 2012

Purpose - This study aimed to (a) investigate the effects of emotional intelligence on customer orientation, (b) examine the impact of customer orientation on customer relationship management (CRM) performance (including CRM-related variables such as 'relationship commitment,' 'image of corporation,' and 'customer loyalty'), and (c) identify the conceptual framework of emotional intelligence. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected using a questionnaire given to a sample of employees of luxury hotels in the metropolitan area. To test the hypotheses, AMOS were conducted for the 271 respondents of the sample using the SPSS Win 17.0 software. The concept of emotional intelligence (EI) has been on the radar of many leaders and managers over the past few decades. Emotional intelligence is generally accepted to be a combination of emotional and interpersonal competencies that influence behavior, thoughts, and interactions with others. Emotional intelligence consists of four factors: understanding the self's emotion, understanding other people's emotions, emotion utilization, and emotion control. Understanding the self's emotion means to understand of my own emotions. Understanding other people's emotions is to understand of the emotions of the people around me and to know how my friends feel based on their behavior. The concept of emotion utilization means to set goals for myself and then try to achieve them, encouraging myself to do my best. The concept of emotion control means I can control my temper, handle difficult situations rationally, and calm down quickly when I am very angry. Results - As a result of the analysis, three factors (understanding the self's emotion, understanding of other people's emotions, and emotion utilization) were shown to have a significant effect on customer orientation. Emotion control had an insignificant effect on customer orientation. Only emotion control makes it difficult to solve customers' problems because it is a passive behavior. In order to solve the customers' problems, hotel employees have to show a positive attitude. Second, customer orientation had a significant effect on customer relationship management performance (customer relationship commitment, corporate image, and customer loyalty). In other words, customer orientation increases commitment to customer relationships. For example, employees who have a customer-orientated perspective provide good service to their customers, while employees who don't have a customer-orientated perspective can't satisfy their customers. Customer orientation can also generate a good image among customers, because they evaluate the image of a hotel through the behavior of hotel employees. So it is very important for employees to show excellent customer orientation. Conclusions - It is very important for hotel CEOs to manage their employees' emotional intelligence. In order to increase their employees' emotional intelligence abilities, CEOs have to manage the overall corporate culture and reward programs to achieve what they want. This is because the system can lead to a customer-orientated mind-set and CRM performance among employees. As a result, the hotel CEO has to pay attention to the emotional intelligence of employees to achieve strong CRM performance. The sentence as originally written was a bit unclear. If this edit does not retain your intended meaning please consider: "Only emotion control does not have a significant impact on customer orientation, and therefore on the ability of an employee to solve customer problems, because it is a passive behavior." Please use the version of the sentence that best captures your original meaning.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.25-56
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to analyze the components and to verify the relationship between service orientation, employee satisfaction, customer orientation and business performance of liner shipping company. In order to achieve the purpose of this study, literature survey related to service orientation, employee satisfaction, customer orientation and business performance was carried out and took a empirical analysis by the use of questionnaire method for employees in liner shipping company. The final results and conclusions are as follows; Service orientation of liner shipping company is a major element which has an effect on employee satisfaction. It has also effect on employee's dedicational attitude to achieve company's goal with pride on their duty and organization. In addition to, the relationship between service orientation, employee satisfaction, customer orientation and business performance finally reach to valuable attitude related in customer's satisfaction, and then it will read up high business performance and successful attainment.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.123-133
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• 2016

Purpose - Understanding how service convenience drives shopping performance is imperative for retailers such as department and large discount stores. Retailers have to enhance shopping productivity by reducing the costs of shopping, as convenience triggers customers' perceived shopping value, leading to customer satisfaction, and ultimately patronage behavior. Consumers, generally considering time as a scarce resource, are more sensitive to the time costs of tasks in regard to shopping trip, differently from forming perceptions of convenience in time orientation. Therefore, this study attempts to examine the moderating effects of consumers' time orientation on the relationships among service convenience of retailers and shopping performances such as shopping value and service performances. Research design, data, and methodology - The department and discount store chains were chosen as the point of analysis in this study. Data were collected from a survey of real-life consumers and all respondents were screened to ensure only those who had visited in the department and discount store chains within past six month prior to the day of data collection. Out of 600 self-reported surveys that were distributed, a total of 530 responses were returned and after excluding 20 incomplete responses, the final sample size was 510. The three hypotheses were proposed and tested in this study. The one hypothesis was on the moderating effects of time orientation for the effects of service convenience on shopping value (hedonic and utilitarian shopping value). The other two hypotheses were on the comparisons between high and low time-oriented customers with the effects in shopping value from service performance. Hierarchical moderated regression analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Results - The results suggest that the effect of service convenience on utilitarian shopping value and the positive effect of utilitarian shopping value on customer satisfaction are greater in low time orientation than high time orientation customers. Conversely, when customers are highly oriented toward time, the effects of hedonic shopping value on customer satisfaction and revisit intention are greater than for customers who are lowly oriented toward time. Conclusions - This study has two-fold significance. First, this study contributes to the consumer behavior and services marketing literature by incorporating customers' time orientation into the service convenience-shopping performance. Although the effect of service convenience on shopping performance might differ from customers' perceptions concerning shopping, there has been little investigation or comparison between customers' perception on time. This study is a first attempt to consider how the effects of service convenience on shopping value and service performance vary with differing levels of customers' time orientation. This study advances prior studies by showing that the service convenience-shopping value and service convenience-service performance relationships vary across different combinations of the customer's time orientation. The findings of this study suggest that the retailers need to enhance the experiential aspects of the stores for their high time-oriented customers. Conversely, for the low time-oriented customers, the retailers should boost the visual distinctiveness and ease of store navigation.