• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.182-190
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• 2010

We examined the association of particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < $10\;{\mu}m$ ($PM_{10}$) with asthma-related hospitalization, stratified by socioeconomic status (SES), among children less than 15 years of age in Seoul, Korea, between 2003 and 2005. In addition, we estimated the reduction in the number of asthma-related hospitalizations that would result from implementing the World Health Organization (WHO) guideline. SES was defined based on data concerning health insurance premium grades, and grouped into two levels: lower-income group and control group. The lower-income group was classified as having an accumulated income which did not exceed the 50th percentile of the median income. Time-series analysis was performed to evaluate the association between $PM_{10}$ and asthma-related hospitalization. The Environmental Benefits Mapping and Analysis Program was used to analyze the impact on children's health. Based upon an increase of $10\;{\mu}g/m^3$ of $PM_{10}$, the asthma-related hospitalization risk for the lower-income group was increased by 1.78% (95% confidence intervals (CI) = 0.79-2.78%), while the risk for the control group was increased by 0.83% (95% CI = 0.34-1.32%). Attaining the WHO guideline, relative to the concentration in 2007, would result in a reduction in asthma-related hospitalizations of 18 cases per 100,000 of the children population in the lower-income group, and 7 cases in the control group. The health benefits of improved air quality for children in the lower-income group were thus 2.5 times greater than for children in the control group. Our results show that the lower-income group is disproportionately burdened with asthma-related hospitalization arising from air pollution. Therefore, biologically- and socioeconomically-disadvantaged populations should be considered in public health interventions in order to protect the children's health.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.55-68
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• 2010

본 연구는 디지털시대의 창업가 육성을 목적으로 대학생들을 대상으로 한 발명창업교육 프로그램의 중요도와 필요도를 규명하고 발명교육프로그램의 타당성을 분석하고자 수행되었다. 연구는 창업과정에서 요구되는 발명교육 프로그램의 발전방향을 제안하고자 한다. 본 연구의 표본은 125명의 대학생이며, 5명의 발명창업 기업가가 참여하였다. 중요연구결과는 다음과 같다 발명창업교육의 분야는 발명개념의 이해, 발명과 경영, 발명과 창의성, 발명과 특허, 그리고 발명실습의 5 가지 영역으로 구분되었다. 대학생들의 인지한 발명교육내용의 평균값은 발명과 경영, 발명실습, 발명과 창의성, 발명개념과 발명과 특허의 순서로 나타났다. 그러나 발명사업가들에게는 발명과 특허, 발명과 경영, 창의성, 발명실습과 발명개념의 순서로 나타났다. 발명교육내용의 필요도 분석에서는 발명과 경영, 발명실습이 타 영역보다 높은 순서로 나타났다. 본 연구는 창업을 위한 발명교육내용이 발명과 경영 부분을 강화해야 하며, 특허부분에서는 학생들이 관심을 가지고 쉽게 경험을 통해 참여할 수 있는 내용전개의 필요성을 제시하고 있다.

• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to research the purchasing traits and the wearing satisfaction of ski wears to provide the data needed to design ski wears to the related industries. This survey was performed during 2003's and 2004's winter with the 157 questionnaires containing 16 items of purchasing traits, 8 of design satisfaction, 12 of purchasing satisfaction and 13 of satisfaction of using convenience. The data were analysed with the frequency, the percentile, $X^2$-test, the average, the standard deviation and t-test through comparing with the groups of general people and experts, and the groups of male and female. The results were:1.The most preferred style was the two pieces style(88.5%), and then the loose style(61.1%), and the shoulder-wireless style(36.9%). 2.The imported brands were more preferred because of the design(44.1%). 3.The main place of purchasing was the ski wear speciality shop(48.4%), the main source of the merchandise information was the surrounding men(43.3%), the most significant consideration aspect when purchasing was the design(35.7%), and the rate of size perception was 51.6%. 4.The wearing satisfaction score(5) of ski wears were; the satisfaction of design was 3.24, the satisfaction of material 3.00, and the satisfaction of using convenience 3.07. 5.In the rate of design satisfaction, the female(3.10) showed higher than the male(3.35) (p<.05). 6.In the satisfaction of material, 'the discoloration'(2.37), 'the abrasion'(2.75), 'the sense of volume'(2.76) and 'the sense of touch' showed dissatisfaction. 7.In the satisfaction of using convenience, 'the pollution by lifting ticket'(2.36)was showed most dissatisfaction.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2005

This study aims to examine the socio-demographic heterogeneity of community participation in rural Korea. Data was collected through interviews with 1,870 rural householders and housewives who have lived in Up or Myen as an administrative unit of rural communities, and analyzed by the SPSS/PC Win V.10 program. The statistical techniques used for this study were frequency and percentile. The major findings of this study were as follows. Firstly, the extent to which rural people have participated in community organizations were: cooperative groups, $80.8\%$; religious groups, $20.6\%$; learning groups, $12.7\%$; political groups, $9.8\%;$ civil groups $6.7\%$; and voluntary groups, $5.3\%$. Whereas the numbers were high for community participation in groups related to agricultural production, participation in civil and voluntary groups were lower. Secondly, it showed that people who lived in urbanized and high population density areas were more likely to participate in community groups. The diversity of community organizations was different according to the level of rurality. Thirdly, farm householders were more likely to participate in religious, civil and voluntary groups than non-farm householders. Fourthly, people with higher education, females, those in the 40 to 50 age groups were more likely to participate in community organizations. Fifthly, even though men are more likely to participate in political parties, women were more likely then men to agree that women should participate in political parties. This empirical study could support the results of Sundeen (1988) and Wilson and Musick (1997) in that education was related positively to community participation. In addition, we concluded that community participation in a rural development process has two main considerations: philosophical and pragmatic. This implies that there is room for government to enable and facilitate 'true' community participation. That can be done through policy reform which creates a permissive environment for community decision-making and input, in addition to simply supporting community development through financial assistance.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.421-429
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• 2017

청소년 및 성인기 초기 연령의 스마트폰 사용자는 급증하였고, 과다 사용으로 인한 부정적인 영향이 다양하게 연구되고 있다. 그렇지만 질적 연구를 통한 접근은 여전히 소수에 불과하다. 이에 본 연구는 스마트폰 사용이 일상화된 대학생을 대상으로 스마트폰 중독 경험을 탐색하고자 시도되었다. 스마트폰 중독 척도를 이용하여 중독자를 선별하였고, 고위험군 중에서 최종 17명이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 일대일 심층 면접을 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 모든 면담은 녹음과 녹취 과정을 거쳐 질적 내용분석 방법을 이용하여 분석하였다. 도출된 주요 범주는 '중독의 악순환'으로, 세부 범주는 금단 증상의 자각, 다양한 부정적 결과 경험, 중독으로부터 탈출 시도, 중독된 현실에 안주함 이었다. 대학생 스마트폰 중독자는 연구 참여를 통해 중독의 심각성을 깨달았으며, 스마트폰 사용과 관련된 정서적, 대인관계적 어려움을 토로하였다. 본 연구의 결과를 토대로 하여 대학생 스마트폰 중독자들을 이해하고, 중독으로부터 회복될 수 있도록 돕는 학교 기반 프로그램을 개선, 개발해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.280-290
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• 2016

Stem diameter variability is an essential inventory result that provides useful information in forest management decisions. Little has been done to explore the modelling potentials of standard deviation (SDD) and coefficient of variation (CVD) of diameter at breast height (dbh). This study, therefore, was aimed at developing and testing models for predicting SDD and CVD in stands of Pinus caribaea Morelet (pine) in south west Nigeria. Sixty temporary sample plots of size $20m{\times}20m$, ranging between 15 and 37 years were sampled, covering the entire range of pine in south west Nigeria. The dbh (cm), total and merchantable heights (m), number of stems and age of trees were measured within each plot. Basal area ($m^2$), site index (m), relative spacing and percentile positions of dbh at $24^{th}$, $63^{rd}$, $76^{th}$ and $93^{rd}$ (i.e. $P_{24}$, $P_{63}$, $P_{76}$ and $P_{93}$) were computed from measured variables for each plot. Linear mixed model (LMM) was used to test the effects of locations (fixed) and plots (random). Six candidate models (3 for SDD and 3 for CVD), using three categories of explanatory variables (i.e. (i) only stand size measures, (ii) distribution measures, and (iii) combination of i and ii). The best model was chosen based on smaller relative standard error (RSE), prediction residual sum of squares (PRESS), corrected Akaike Information Criterion ($AIC_c$) and larger coefficient of determination ($R^2$). The results of the LMM indicated that location and plot effects were not significant. The CVD and SDD models having only measures of percentiles (i.e. $P_{24}$ and $P_{93}$) as predictors produced better predictions than others. However, CVD model produced the overall best predictions, because of the lower RSE and stability in measuring variability across different stand developments. The results demonstrate the potentials of CVD in modelling stem diameter variability in relationship with percentiles variables.

• 농촌지도와개발
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.37-45
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• 1994

This study was conducted to investigate the organizational climate of the agricultural extension education agencies and its influence on their educators` attitude toward job in Korea. The specific objectives of the study were 1) to identify the educators` perception of the organizational climate in the agricultural extension education agencies, and 2) to determine whether or not the educators` perception of the organizational climate influnce on their attitude toward job. Organizational climate has bees defined by many scholars as the properties of the social psychological environment perceived by organization members. There are various theoretical interpretations offered by die scholas about the effect of organizational climate upon organization members` behavior. Through a series of the theoretical reviews, this study could draw more than twenty variables in four types of organizational climate which might be perceived by the educators of agricultural extension education agencies and might influence upon their attitude toward job. The data were collected mainly through questionnaires sent to the responsible officers for administering the questionnaires for all adult educators of 30 agricultural extension education agencies randomly sampled from the population of 190 agencies. After data cleaning, a total of 629 responded questionnaires were analyzed for the study. The statistical methods used in the study were percentile, correlation, one way analysis of variance and multiple regression analysis. The two major findings of the study were as follows : 1. The organizational climate of agricultural extension education agencies were classified into four types : 1) democratic-autonomous, 2) cooperative-friendly, 3) achievement-oriented, and 4) bureaucratic-authoritarian. Among these of organizational climates, the cooperative-friendly one was most positively but the bureaucratic-authoritarian one was least positively perceived by the educators. 2. The educators` potion of the organizational climate and their attitude toward job were significantly correlated. The educators` perception of the organizational climate explained 41 percent of the variance of their attitude toward job in a multiple regression analysis In particular, the perception of the achievement oriented type of the organizational climates alone explained 34 percent of the variance of the favorable attitude.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.96-113
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• 1999

This retrospective descriptive study was conducted to survey the use of alternative therapy by chronicly ill patients. The subject of this study were 205 chronicly ill patients at Pusan National University Hospital. The data for this study were patient record. The data were gathered from August, 1 to September, 30 1998 and analyzed through SPSSWIN program for frequency, percentile and $x^2-test$. The important results of this study are as followings. Of population-sociological characteristics on studied objects, sexual distribution showed a similar percentage male 47.8% and the female 52.2%. Age distribution showed that the 60-69 year old group made up 31.5%, and was the highest. Of religion Buddism was the most frequest. The diagnosis distribution showed cancer at 28.8% and coronary artery disease at 16.1%. According to the results of the study, 51.2% of subjects had used alternative therapy. The most common type of alternative therapy was dietary and nutritional therapy, 40.2%, the place of use, home, 44.0%, duration, less than 3 months, 51.5%. The most common motive was a recommendation by friends or family. The degree of satisfaction after the use of alternative therapy was high for 21.0%, and slight for 53.3%. The reaction after the use of alternative therapy was increasing power for patients with coronary artery disease and cancer, sugar control for those with DM, and pain control for those with chronic arthrits. The study showed that for chronicly ill patients, age, religion, diagnosis name have an important effect on the use of alternative therapy. In conclusion, chronicly ill patients showed high-use of alternative therapy but they did not used alternative therapy as a healing method. Therefore we must provide an education program nurses and physicians. And we must provide more information or healing method's and support chronicly ill patients.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.146-155
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• 2012

This study aimed to measure and evaluate the intakes of four antioxidant trace elements, namely, Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se in 19-29y-old female university students in Korea. Diet data were collected by 3-day dietary records in 644 subjects. The mean age, height, weight and body mass index of the subjects were 20.08 years, 161.77 cm, 54.26 kg and $20.82kg/m^2$, respectively. The mean, median and 25th-75th percentile intakes of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se in the subjects were 12.83 mg (12.40 mg, 9.59 to 15.34), 1.30 mg (1.27 mg, 1.00 to 1.57), 3.19 mg (3.12 mg, 2.45 to 3.86), and $50.90{\mu}g$ ($50.17{\mu}g$, 37.59 to 64.35), respectively. The proportion of subjects whose Mn intake was adequate or less was 62.89%, and the proportions of subjects whose Zn, Cu and Se intakes were at the estimated average requirements or less were 10.09, 4.97, and 39.60%, respectively. The major food group for dietary intakes of Zn, Cu, Mn, and Se was cereal, providing 8.55 mg (66.60%), 0.78 mg (59.93%), 2.09 mg (65.50%), and $16.83{\mu}g$ (32.43%), respectively. Many female university students were deficient in Mn and Se compared with the dietary reference intakes. Therefore, except for cereal, it is required to consume a diet consisted of various food sources for increasing the intakes of antioxidant trace minerals, especially animal food groups.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제17권10호
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• pp.1419-1425
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• 2007

비만 여자 중학생을 대상으로 12주간 12주간 유산소운동과 저항운동을 병행한 복합운동 프로그램을 실시한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 연구에서 체중감소와 체지방의 감소에 따른 CRP와 아디포넥틴 농도의 개선을 기대하였지만 유의한 변화가 없었다. 본 연구에서는 다음과 같은 결론을 내린다. 1. 12주간의 중강도 운동 프로그램은 혈장 CRP와 혈장 아디포넥틴의 유용한 개선에 영향을 미치지 않는다. 2. 운동에 의한 인슐린저항성은 이러한 특별한 혈장 염증 지표들의 농도 변화에 의해 설명되어지지 않는다. 이상으로 본 연구에서 처방된 운동프로그램은 신체조성과 인슐린저항성의 변화에는 긍정적인 영향을 미쳤지만 이러한 인자의 개선에도 불구하고 CRP와 아디포넥틴 농도의 변화에는 영향을 미치지 못하였다. 따라서 앞으로 16주 이상의 운동기간과 운동강도에 따른 복합운동 프로그램의 실시가 CRP와 아디포넥틴의 변화에 미치는 영향과 CRP의 발현에 관련인자인 $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 등과 같은 인자들의 변화에 미치는 추가적인 연구가 필요하다.