• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권12호
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• pp.1956-1964
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• 1989

In this paper, a new method of Hangul recognition is proposed to solve the problems of misrecognition owing to the contacts of FCEs (Fundamental Character Elements) in a Hangul pattern. Structures of FCFs are represented with PAG(Programmed Array Grammar) to recognize an input pattern on 2-D. array of pels., and the unnecessary deformation of the conventional approach can be eliminated by using PEACE parsing which extracts primitives and computes attributes in the course of analyzing the structure of an input pattern. Also, primitive transformation at contacts can afford to confirm all the possible structures of an input pattern and solve the problem of misrecognition owing to the contacts of FCEs. The recognition rate of proposed method for printed Hangul characters shows 96.2% for 1978 Gothic-letters and 92.0% for 1920 Myng-style-letters, respectively.

• 한국발생생물학회지:발생과생식
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.19-25
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• 2004

Pax6는 진화적으로 잘 보존된 homeobox유전자 그룹의 하나로 배 발생기 동안 시공간적으로 제한되어 발현된다. 이 실험은 말라리아 매개모기인 Anopheles stephemi에서의 Pax6 발현을 서로 다른 분자환경 조건에서 조사해 보기 위해 트랜스포존의 하나인 piggyBac과 Pax6에 결합하는 3xp3-EGFP를 사용한 생식세포 형질전환 방법을 사용하였다. 4개의 형질 전환 계열이 만들어졌고 형질전환율은 6.7%였으며, 도입 유전자는 여러 세대에 걸쳐 안정적으로 발현되었다. 4계열은 3가지의 공간적 발현 형태를 보였으며 이는 트랜스포존 삽입 위치에 따른 enhancing혹은 silencing의 결과로 예상된다. 이 결과를 통해 트랜스포존 piggyBac을 사용한 형질전환 시스템은 일반적인 보고자 유전자 발현 실험에서 다양한 형태의 공간적 발현 결과를 유도하는 매우 효율적인 방법으로 사용될 수 있으리라 예상된다

• 건축역사연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.21-34
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• 2002

This study is to analyse the transformation process of spatial structure of traditional small city structure in Jeollabuk-Do in the process of modern urbanization between 19th century and the year 2000. The small cities, IM-PI, YONG-AN, YEO-SAN, OK-GOO, GO-SAN, MU-JANG, GUM-MA, GO-BU, which have been local administrative center in CHO-SUN dynasty, have role of local administrative center of subdivision of country-myon, except OK-GOO. The method of this study is to investigate the transformation process of spatial structural elements of with the actual field surveys, the analysis of Gunhyun map made in 1872, land registration maps in 1910s and 2000, and various topological maps. The elements of analysis are the topological site and geographical situation conditions, the urbanized areas, the street systems, the function of streets, the focal points of urban land use, the land use systems, and the location of major facilities such as administration facilities, markets, bus terminals. The analytical point of view and the results are as follows. There is strong relationship between the transformation of internal matrix route system and the growth pattern of urbanized areas, Especially on the contrary to the matrix route with East-West direction which has the role of checking the growth of urbanized area, the South-North direction route acts as the leading line of the growth. The focal points structure of urban land use shows transformation process from the point of central space of administrative district in front of Nae-A, to the access point to administrative district or to the access point to housing and neighborhood commercial area. From the point of functional area structure and major facilities location, line-type commercial area is developed along the line of central axis route and access route to administrative district. Especially direction of the growth of commercial area is strongly connected with the interrelationship between the study area and its neighboring cities. Pattern of commercial district development is varied with the direction of matrix route. That is, commercial district, which shows one side development pattern along the East-West direction route, is developed on both sides of street along the South-North direction route.

• 분석과 대안
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.93-110
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• 2018

Due to its speciality, Johannesburg has drawn wide attention from the international academia, which the existing urban theory cannot easily explain. This paper focuses on the spatial pattern of Johannesburg, and finds that it is highly fragmented: first North-South Division due to apartheid and gold mining, secondly, the continuous sprawl due to population densification, and thirdly formation of city-region due to the fill-in spatial policy. The fragmented spatial pattern undermines the social integration and weakens the potential economic sustainability, which make the balanced multi-core spatial pattern inevitable under the influence of the international planning thought. The Johannesburg's spatial transformation comes not only from social integration, but also from the development vison of world-class status of an African city. In reality, since the collapse of apartheid, the municipal government has released series of strategic planning in different executive phase. These different plannings unanimously focus on the world class status although since 2008, the social inclusiveness is more emphasized. Thus, Johannesburg implements some spatial policies, as promoting the corridor of freedom, identifying the key nodes in the city then developing with high density, implementing the in-filling policy, managing the urban growth boundary, effectively preserving the natural system. However, the industrial structure in Johannesburg is already quite high-ended which cannot produce many jobs and also require much investment in advanced infrastructure. Thus, the strategic goals of world-class status of an African city and social inclusiveness which really need widely shared public services to some extent are in tension. After evaluation, we can see that spatial transformation is quite limited. Obviously spatial transformation largely depends on the social-economy. The population is still in flow. In this sense Johannesburg must energetically support the employment-based industry, effectively control the spatial sprawl and carry out institutional innovation which further incentive investment, gradually build an integrated regional governance. In general, how Johannesburg combines globalization and its own condition is still worth thinking in both theory and practice.

• 4차산업연구
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-43
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• 2022

Purpose - With the rapid development of information technology, the digital economy has become an important grip of the new development pattern, and the digital transformation of enterprises is a major trend. As SMEs are the mainstay of the economy and employment, it is important to study the digital transformation of SMEs to promote the development of the digital economy. Research design, data, and methodology - Based on a resource-based view, this report analyses the current situation and issues of digital transformation of SMEs from the perspective of digital orientation as well as the breadth and depth of technological capabilities of enterprises, using data from a survey of 200 manufacturing enterprises in China. Result - The results show that SMEs generally have a digital transformation mindset, but a weak digital foundation. In order to execute a digital strategy, companies need digital transformation capabilities. These behavioral capabilities are guided by the strategic direction of the business, and companies with strong capabilities are always trying to tap into the full digital potential. Conclusion - In order to effectively promote the digital transformation of SMEs, we suggest that SMEs pay attention to digital capability building, make good use of digital platforms and network resources, and lay a solid foundation for digital transformation; meanwhile, we suggest that government departments play a guiding and supporting role to build a cross-industry and cross-sector digital synergy system to help promote the development of SMEs' digital transformation. This paper presents some suggestions from both the internal and external environment of the enterprise, with the expectation of contributing to the digital transformation practices of SMEs.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.291-302
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• 2003

This paper examined the impacts of the regional developments and dwellers behavior on the Seacoast. Seacoast features a variety of landforms which are created by the action of waves and tidal flows. The coastal landforms are found mainly in the interface between land and sea. Although erosional landforms constitute prominent landscape features as sea stack, sea arch, and rock cliff do, it is nonetheless the depositional features such as beaches, tidal flats, offshore bars, deltas, sanddunes, and coastal plains that have various ramifications for human communities. Among these, beaches and coastal sanddunes are special in that their formation is attributable to the combined action of waves, tidal flows, and winds. The main line of discussion in this dissertation is concerned with the transformation of group of beaches sanddunes along the coastline of Chungcheong-Namdo Province. To some extent, the erosion of coastal dunes has been a global phenomenon. The degradation process occurs most actively when the spring tides attack beaches, berms, and foredunes. Also involved in the transformation of coastal dunes are factors of human agency. The extent, speed, and pattern of their morphological changes are a function of land-use pattern. The reclamation of swale and the exploitation of sands as construction material and silica sand, for example, ruin the feature of coastal dunes.

• 한국음향학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.90-98
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• 1996

본 논문에서는 한글의 형태소 분석에 기초한 청각장애자용 수화영상 변환시스템을 제안하였다. 제안된 시스템은 입력 문자열에 대해 형태소 분석에 의한 음운성분과 접속정보를 추출한 다음, 이에 대응한 수화영상을 구축된 수화영상 데이터베이스를 통하여 정확히 출력한다. 효과적인 수화영상변환을 위해 입력문자열에 대한 형태소 분석부와 수화패턴 참조를 위한 수화언어기술부로 이루어진 언어정보기술사전을 구성하였다. 수화패턴은 중복을 피하기 위해 기본수화, 복합수화 그리고 유사수화단어로 분류하여 작성하였으며, 실험을 통해 제안된 시스템의 유용성을 확인하였다.

• 대한전자공학회논문지
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• 제26권6호
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• pp.97-101
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• 1989

변형불변 패턴인식을 실현하기 위하여 크기와 회전변위에 대해 불변인 극-로가리즘 좌표변환을 이용하였고, 좌표 변환을 수행하기 위하여 Lee 방식의 투과함수를 갖는 CGH를 CAD용 포토(UV light)패턴 발생기에 의해 마스크로 제작하였다. 광학적으로 좌표변환된 입력패턴은 본 논문에서 제시한 광상관기에 입력되었으며, 실시간 홀로그래피에 의한 기록매질로서 $BaTiO_3$ 단결정을 정합필터로 사용하였다. 본 논문에서 제시한 광상관기를 사용하여 크기와 입력에 대한 자기상관값의 변화를 실험적으로 제시함으로서 변형불변 패턴인식을 증명하였다.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.75-82
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• 2017

This study reviews the process of creating the patterns through the Christopher Alexander's books to discover the fundamental rules for creation of the pattern language. The essential ideas of 11 rules describing the characteristics of the pattern language are organized by keyword depending on the characteristics of each rule. Then, this study analyzes which keyword was applied importantly and how it had been developed chronologically in the Alexander's books. As a result, 5 keywords - reflection of cultural difference, reflection of human desires, solving the repeated problem, function suitable for principal purpose, and network structure - are applied to his early books in which the pattern language was theoretically developed, the pattern of traditional society was discovered and the network structure was developed. Another 5 keywords - user participation method, new problem solving, structure preserving transformation, post-mechanization method, and central invariant structure - are applied to the books in his mid-term after completion of the pattern theory which discover new pattern for contemporary society and apply the pattern language to time and space. In his later books which organize the theory of pattern language and suggest the direction for using the pattern language, 5 keywords - wholeness, post-mechanization method, user participation method, new problem solving, and structure preserving transformation - are applied. Users may use the pattern language more precisely if he/she considers the keywords of the early period in searching the patterns of existing environment, the keywords of the intermediate period in searching the patterns of new environment or in regard to time and space, and the keywords of the later period in considering direction of the application of the pattern language.

• 대한한의학원전학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.79-93
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• 2018

Objectives : The climate changes in the natural realm displays pheonomena of excess and deficiency due to the principle of Yiyinyiyangzhiweidao. Here, overabundant qi arises due to the works of multiplication and insultation. When this overabundant qi is in force, the retaliating qi appears without fail to create a parallel. This is the Autonomous Equilibrium Mechanism found in the natural world. Studying this mechanism is deeply significant in understanding the mechanisms of diseases. Methods : The paper is written by reviewing the texts found in Huangdineijing's Chapters of Yunqi, which are $Q{\grave{i}}jiaobiandalun$, Wuchangzhengdalun, $Liuyuanzhengj{\grave{i}}dalun$, Zhizhenyaodalun, and Suwenliuqixuanzhumiyu. Results & Conclusions : The overabundance and retaliation in Five Circuits take the form of the restrained child of the Five Circuits takes revenge on the overabundant qi on behalf of his mother. The overabundance and retaliation in Six Qi take the form of rapid healing of Benqi which was in stagnation. Traditionally, overabundant qi is the only one in existence when the Five Circuits are in excess and the year of Hai yin wu wei you xu's regular transformation. During this time, retaliating qi does not exist. When Five Circuits are in deficiency and in the year of Si shen zi chou mao chen's pattern transformation, both the overabundant and deficiency qis exist. However, regardless of regular transformation or pattern transformation, overabundant qi and retaliating qi cannot exist at the same time. This seems to be the rational conclusion. There are some regulations that overabundance and retaliation follow. First, the strong and weak, and number of days coincide. Second, overabundance qi appear during the first half of the period when the qi of controling heaven is in place. During the later half of the period when the qi of terrestrial effect is in force, retaliation qi is the one that appears. Third, overabundance and retaliation does not end with one time. Rather, they will continue to repeat appearance and disappearance without any set pattern. Fourth, the overabundance and retaliation of the guest qi and dominant qi only has overabundance and no retaliation.