• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제29권1호
• /
• pp.200-206
• /
• 2008

Objective : To establish a standard for discriminating between deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome and selecting reinforcing or reducing method. Methods :Deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome were divided into excess of pathogenic factor with sufficiency of vital energy syndrome, weakness of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome and excess of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome. Documentary survey was done for each case. Results : Excess of pathogenic factor with sufficiency of vital energy syndrome is an excess syndrome and a reducing method must be used. Weakness of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome is a deficiency syndrome and a reinforcing method must be used. Excess of pathogenic factor with deficiency of vital energy syndrome is related to deficiency syndrome and a reinforcing method must mainly be used. Conclusions :Deficiency or sufficiency of vital energy is the standard for discriminating between deficiency syndrome and excess syndrome and selecting a reinforcing or reducing method.

• 한국식품과학회지
• /
• 제30권6호
• /
• pp.1432-1438
• /
• 1998

병원세균 8종에 대하여 동결균체 및 우육접종에 의한 살균효과를 조사한 결과, 동결세포균체에서는 공시균주들의 $D_{10}$값은 $0.14{\sim}0.69\;kGy$ 나타났으며 그 중 Pseudomonas aeruginosa가 0.77 kGy, Aeromonas hydrophila와 Escherichia coli는 0.14 kGy로 방사선 감수성이 가장 높았다. 불활성화 계수는 $2{\sim}3$ kGy 조사시 $2.90{\sim}42.86$으로 나타났다. 한편 우육접종시에는 $D_{10}$값이 $0.1{\sim}0.61\;kGy$로 A. hydrophila가 0.1 kGy로 방사선 감수성이 가장 높았으며 V. parahaemolyticus가 0.61로서 가장 낮게 나타났다. 또한 이들 미생물의 완전살균을 위해서는 1.17 kGy에서 7.32 kGy 범위의 감마선 조사선량이 요구되며 불활성화 계수는 $2{\sim}3$ kGy 조사로 $3{\sim}30$ log cycles 이상 감소시킬 수 있어 감마선 조사는 육류매개 병원세균을 제어하기 위한 매우 효과적인 방법이다.

• 한국의사학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.3-10
• /
• 2002

Acupuncture and moxibustion of theory had begun in the "Nei-Jing" and "Nan-Jing". But definite acupuncture needling techniques had been investigated after Jin and Yuan Dynasty. After Ming Dynasty, much more scholars had studied about definite acupuncture needling techniques. So various techniques and theorys about how to select and operate needling points appeared in print. "Zi-Wu-Liu-Zhu-Zhen-Jing", "Zhen-Jing-Zhi-Nan", "Shen-Ying-Jing", "Zhen-Jiu-Da-Quan" and so forth are representative books. But these books include mutually different techniques, so then scholars would be thrown into confusion. So I have analysed acupuncture and moxibustion of theory into Ki(vital energy)-blood's circulation, disease region, time, sex, restorative and restrictive techniques. As a result, I have known that every restorative and restrictive techniques and theories are connected with Ki(vital energy)-blood's circulation and practical application methods are decided by sex, time, disease region, pathogenic energy.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
• /
• 제46권3호
• /
• pp.225-233
• /
• 2018

In this exploratory study, eight types of microalgae from different phyla (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, Chlorella species, Haematococcus pluvialis, Porphyridium purpureum, Porphyridium cruentum, Isochrysis species, Isochrysis galbana, and Pavlova lutheri) were tested for their antibacterial activities against eight target pathogenic bacterial strains. The agar well diffusion method and broth micro dilution assay were conducted to estimate the antibacterial activity. Microalgae cell-free supernatants, exopolysaccharides (EPS), water, and organic solvent extracts were used for inhibition analysis. EPS extracted from P. lutheri showed activity against Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inhibition zone diameters of 14-20 mm were recorded on agar plates, while the minimum inhibitory concentrations in the broth micro dilution assay were $0.39-25mg\;ml^{-1}$. During this study, haptophyte microalgae, Isochrysis species, and P. lutheri extracts showed the highest activity against most of the tested pathogenic bacterial strains, while most of the extracts were active against the important foodborne pathogen P. aeruginosa. This study showed promising results regarding important microalgae phyla, which will further aid research related to extracts and exploitation of bioactive metabolic compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

• 환경생물
• /
• 제22권4호
• /
• pp.487-493
• /
• 2004

To investigate the antifungal activity related protein in pesticidal bacteria, a bacterial strain LTD was isolated from soil collected at Gimje in Jeonbuk province, Korea, and identified as Bacillus subtilis LTD based on a API50 CHB kit and 168 rDNA sequencing. It has an antifungal activity against 9 plant pathogenic fungi in a paper disc assay. The antifungal activity- deficient mutant, B. subtilis mLTD was induced at a 5 kGy dose of $^{60}Co$ gamma radiation. Using the two-dimensional electrophoresis and the matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, the comparison analysis of proteins between the wild and mutant were performed. A major intracellular serine proteinase IspA (MW: 32.5 kDa), a NAD (P) H dehydrogenase (MW: 20.0 kDa), and a stage II sporulation protein AA, SpoIIAA (MW: 14.3kDa) were detected only in the B. subtilis LTD. These results suggested that the functions of these proteins found only in the B. subtilis LTD could. be closely related to the antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
• /
• 제16권6호
• /
• pp.965-970
• /
• 2009

유통중인 계란의병원성균 오염상태를 시판되는 multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) kit로 검사한 결과, 총 90개의 검사시료 가운데 한 가지 이상의 미생물이 검출된 계란시료는 30개로, 검사시료의 미생물 오염도는 약 33.3% 수준이었다. 미생물별 검출 빈도는 B. cereus가 17개 시료(18.9%)에서 검출되어 가장 높은 빈도를 보였으며 Y. enterocolitica는 16개(17.8%), L. monocytogenes 15개(16.7%), St. aureus 12개(13.3%), E. coli O157:H7 4개(4.4%)의 검출빈도를 보였다. 한편, 선택배지를 이용한 viable cell count 방법에서는 27개의 시료에서 미생물이 검출되어 검사시료의 미생물 오염도는 약 30.0% 수준이였으며, 미생물별 검출 빈도는 B. cereus가 17개 시료(18.9%)에서 14개(15.6%) 시료로, Y. enterocolitica는 16개(17.8%)에서 12개(13.3%)로, L. monocytogenes는 15개(16.7%)에서 13개(14.4%)로, St. aureus는 12개(13.3%)에서 10개(11.1%)로 감소하였으며, E. coli O157:H7은 두 가지 검출방법간의 차이가 나타나지 않았다. 검출 대상 미생물 9종 가운데 Campylobacter jejuni, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Salmonella spp., 및 Shigella spp.는 두 방법 모두에서 검출되지 않았다. 이상의 결과에서 살펴본 바와 같이 PCR을 이용한 병원성 미생물의 검출 방법은 viable cell count 방법보다 감도가 높음을 알 수 있었다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.11-17
• /
• 2015

Fouling in heat exchanger becomes a major problem of dairy industry and it increases the production cost. These are lost productivity, additional energy, additional equipment, chemical, manpower, and environmental impact. Fouling also introduces the risk of food safety due to the improper heating temperature which allow the survival of pathogenic bacteria in milk, introducing biofilm formation of pathogenic bacteria in equipments and spreading the pathogenic bacteria to milk. The aim of this study is to determine the fouling rate during pasteurization process in heat exchanger of pasteurized milk produced by Village Cooperative Society (KUD) "X" in Malang, East Java Indonesia by using empirical modeling. The fouling rate is found as $0.3945^{\circ}C/h$ with the heating process time ranged from 0 to 2 hours and temperature difference (hot water inlet temperature and milk outlet temperature) ranged from 0.654 to $1.636^{\circ}C$. The fouling rate depends on type and characteristics of heat exchangers, time and temperature of process, milk type, age of milk, seasonal variations, the presence of microorganism and more. This results will be used to plan Cleaning In Place (CIP) and to design the control system of pasteurization process in order to maintain the milk outlet temperature as standard of pasteurization.

• 혜화의학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.139-146
• /
• 2007

1. The etiological causes of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are attack of wind-heat on the lung, wind cold, damp-heat struggle between the vital energy and pathogenic factor and six pathogenic factors And all these causes are the conception of blockage syndrome, $Q_1$ and blood stagnating in meridian system. 2. Symptoms of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are shoulder pain, restriction of activity and radiating pain. 3. The treatments of Pain in Shoulder and Arm based on literatures of Oriental medicine are mainly composed of both medical therapy for $B_1$ syndrome due to pathogenic wind, deficiency of both $Q_1$ and blood, consumption of the liver and the spleen, and also acupuncture and moxibustion treatment by selection of acupoint. And those treatments are for treating etiology. And also there are treatments using the meridian system and Twelve Muscle Region and Ashihyeol for the purpose of treating the symptoms. 4. Acupoints such as Gyun-u, Gyun-jung, Goi-ji, Ju-ryo and Bi-no are most used in treating shoulder and arm pain based on based on literatures of Oriental medicine.

• 대한한의학회지
• /
• 제16권1호통권29호
• /
• pp.251-270
• /
• 1995

In the Literatual Study on the Dysphonia, the results were as follows. 1. The causes of dysphonia are exogenous pathogenic factors,(specially cold evil)internal damage and meridian in The Yellow Emperor's Canon of Interal Medicine, since then endogenous pathogenic factors are lung-asthenia and deficiency of lung-yin etc. The main causes are disease caused by exogenous evils, general body weakness, emotional stimulation and excess of high voice rescently. 2. The pathogenesis of dysphonia originated from two factors; The first internal damages are consumption of body fluid with the formation of dryness evil resulting from the insufficienty of lung-yin and lung-collaterals damaged by heat-evil caused by deficiency of lung and kidney-yin. The second disease caused by exogenous evils is sluggishness of lung-energy caused by exogenous pathogenic factors. 3. The main relative organ are heart, lung and kidney etc. 4. The prescriptions of wind-cold symptoms are Samyoutang(三拗湯) and Hangsosan(杏蘇散), in the prescriptions of phlegm-heat symptom is Chenginyongphetang(淸咽寧肺湯), in the prescriptions of depressive syndrome due to disorder of vital energy are Sogangkitang(小降氣湯) and Shihochenggantang(柴胡淸肝湯加減), in the prescriptions of consumption of body fluid with the formation of dryness evil resulting from the insufficiency of lung-yin symptoms are Sanghangtang(桑杏湯) and Chenginguphetang(淸咽救肺湯, in the prescriptions of deficiency of lung and kidney-yin are Baekhabgokumtang(百合固金湯) and Maekmigiwhangtang(麥味地黃湯). 5. The treatment of acupunctures are used by LI-4(合谷), H-7(湧泉), Liv-3(太衝), K-3(太谿), Sp-6(三陰交), H-5(通里), GV-15(아門), CV-23(廉泉), S-40(農隆), K-6(照海), L-7(列缺), S-36(足三里) etc.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
• /
• 제20권2호
• /
• pp.101-120
• /
• 2003

This study is performed to investigate the cause, symptom and acupuncture on Dudurugi through the literature of oriental medicine. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. Dudurugi is caused by exogenous pathogenic factors(wind, heat, cold, damp), sthenic inter damage factors(heat accumulated in the intestine and stomach, blood-heat, blood-stasia) and asthenia inter damage factors(asthenia of the spleen and stomach, blood-asthenia, asthenia of energy-blood, yin-asthenia and blood-dryness, yan-asthenia and energy-asthenia). 2. The symptom of Dudurugi is appeared in the skin and its surface is processed apparently or itch. 3. The treatment of Dudurugi was used by expelling the wind with removing pathogen. 4. In the treatment of Dudurugi, The su-yangmyong taejang-kyong of 12 merdians was mainly used and, the kokchi(LI11) of acupoints was most used in the acupuncture and moxibustion. 5. In the treatment of Dudurugi, acupoints of tok-maek and chok-t'aeyangkyong were mainly used in the case of showing symptoms caused by exogenous pathogenic factors and, acupoints of chok-t'aemkyong were mainly used in the case of showing symptoms caused by damp-heat accumulated in the intestine and stomach. When there were any other symptoms accompanied, other acupoints were more used.