• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 2013

We examined the effect of parental folate deficiency on the folate content, global DNA methylation, folate receptor-alpha (FR${\alpha}$), insulin-like-growth factor-2 (IGF-2) and -1 receptor (IGF-1R) in the liver and plasma homocysteine in the postnatal rat. Male and female rats were randomly fed a folic acid-deficient (paternal folate-deficient, PD and maternal folate-deficient, MD), or folic acid-supplemented diet (paternal folate-supplemented, PS and maternal-folate-supplemented, MS) for four weeks. They were mated and grouped accordingly: $PS{\times}MS$, $PS{\times}MD$, $PD{\times}MS$, and $PD{\times}MD$. Pups were killed on day 21 of lactation. The hepatic folate content was markedly reduced in the $PD{\times}MD$ and $PS{\times}MD$ and $PD{\times}MS$ as compared with the $PS{\times}MS$ group. The hepatic global DNA methylation was decreased in the $PD{\times}MS$ and $PS{\times}MD$ groups as much as in the $PD{\times}MD$ group, and all the three groups were significantly lower as compared to the $PS{\times}MS$ group. There were no significant differences in the hepatic FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R expressions among the groups. Positive correlations were found between the hepatic folate content and global DNA methylation and protein expressions of FR${\alpha}$, IGF-2 and IGF-1R, whereas an inverse correlation was found between hepatic folate content and plasma homocysteine level in the 3-week-old rat pup. The results of this study show that both paternal and maternal folate deficiency at mating can influence the folate content and global DNA methylation in the postnatal rat liver.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제61권3호
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• pp.401-414
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• 2023

This study examined the sequential mediation effects of academic achievement attribution and career decision-making self-efficacy on the effect of paternal and maternal helicopter parenting on high-school students' career preparation behavior. A total of 285 (119 male and 166 female) Korean high-school students in the second grade participated in the study. Research variables were measured using the Career Preparation Behavior Scale (Kim, 1997), Helicopter Parenting Scale (LeMoyne & Buchanan, 2011), Attribution Questionnaire (Weiner, 1979), and Career Decision-Making Self-Efficacy Scale-Short Form (Betz et al., 1996). To examine the sequential mediating effect, data analysis was performed using SPSS 29.0 and PROCESS MACRO (v4.2) Model 6. The results revealed no correlations between helicopter parenting and academic failure attribution. However, higher paternal and maternal helicopter parenting were found to indirectly reduce high-school students' career preparation behavior through lower internal academic success attribution (effort and ability) and higher external academic success attribution (task difficulty and luck), which reduced career decision-making self-efficacy. These findings can be employed to develop more effective intervention programs comprising career guidance for adolescents, which emphasizes the negative effect of helicopter parenting. This study expands the research field, as previous findings on helicopter parenting mostly focus on college students.

• Human Ecology Research
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• 제62권1호
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• pp.101-120
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• 2024

This study aimed to examine the effect of adolescents' perceived parental blame (criticism) on learned helplessness and to examine whether maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination sequentially mediate the relationship between parental blame and learned helplessness. The participants were 316 adolescents (Mean age=16.7, SD=0.75; 137 male, 179 female) attending grades 1st and 2nd in high school in South Korea. The participants were selected using a snowball sampling method, while the data was collected via an online self-report questionnaire. This survey was completed by the participants and analyzed using SPSS 28.0, Amos 26.0 (IBM Co., Armonk, NY), and PROCESS macro version 4.2 (Model 6; Hayes, 2022). The main results are summarized as follows. Firstly, the adolescents' perceived paternal and maternal blame indicated significant direct effects on learned helplessness. Secondly, rumination mediated the effect of paternal and maternal blame on learned helplessness. Lastly, paternal and maternal blame significantly affected learned helplessness through the sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination. This study elucidates the causal structure among the various factors influencing learned helplessness in adolescents, focusing on parental blame, maladaptive metacognitive beliefs, and rumination. Furthermore, considering the verified sequential mediating effects of maladaptive metacognitive beliefs and rumination in the relationship between adolescents' perceived parental blame and learned helplessness, these findings suggest that modifying maladaptive metacognitive beliefs may help to reduce learned helplessness among adolescents who perceive high levels of parental blame.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.31-42
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• 1980

브로일러 산육능력 개량을 위한 우량 교배조합을 선발할 목적으로 결합능력추정과 부계통 모계통의 선발 지침을 분석하기 위하여 본 시험은 1978년 9월28일부터 1979년 1월 5일까지 약 14주간 부계통 4계종과 모계통 3계종으로부터 작출된 브로일러 1,440수를 가지고 한협종계장에서 실시되었으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 브러일러의 생존율에서 잡종강세의 효과는 나타나지 않았고 생존율의 개량을 위해서는 Hubbard를 부계통으로 선발하는 것이 바람직 한 것으로 사료되었다. 2. 8주령시 체중에서 부, 모계통 모두 Ross의 이용이 바람직스럽고 특수결합능력을 이용한 우량교배조합으로는 Hubbard$\times$Ross와 Ross$\times$Hypeco의 교배조합으로 인정할 수 있었다. 3. 8주동안 사료섭취량은 부계통에서 유의적으로 우수했던 Hubbard와 Ross, 그리고 모계통에서는 체중증가에 비례해서 사료섭취량이 증가되는 분포이지만 8주시 체중과 비교하여 Hypeco의 선발이 유효함을 알 수 있었으며 특히 Hubbard$\times$Hypeco의 교배조합은 사료섭취량개량에 우량교배조합으로 인정되었다. 4. 사료요구율에서는 부계통으로는 Hubbard, 모계통으로는 Hypeco의 선발이 우수한 것으로 인정되었고 Hubbard$\times$Hypeco, Hubbard$\times$Ross 그리고 Ross$\times$Hypeco의 교배조합이 우량한 것으로 판단되었다. 5. 경제성 분석에서는 8주 체중과 사료효율이 우수했던 Hubbard$\times$Hypeco, Hubbard$\times$Ross 교잡구가 가장 많은 수익을 나타내었다. 이상과 같은 결과로 볼 때 부계통 선발은 Ross와 Hubbbard, 모계통에서 Hypeco와 Ross를 통한 교배조합형성에서 Hubbard$\times$Ross, Hubbard$\times$Hypeco 그리고 Ross$\times$Hypeco등의 우량교배조합으로 브로일러 경제형질인 생존율, 체중, 사료섭취량, 사료요구량의 개량이 이룩될 수 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제94권3호통권160호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2005

소나무의 2년생 인공교배(人工交配) 전형매차대목(全兄妹次代木) 114개체를 대상으로 화분친(花粉親)이 아닌 개체의 화분에 의해 생성된 차대목(次代木)을 식별하기 위하여 부계유전(父系遺傳)되는 반수체(半數體) 표지자인 cpSSR 표지자 분석을 실시하였다. 3개의 cpSSR primer를 이용한 PCR 분석을 통하여 화분친(花粉親)과 3개 모수(母樹)의 haplotype 조합을 결정하고, 이에 의해 각 개체의 DNA 지문이 확인되었다. 동일한 cpSSR primer를 사용하여 전형매차대(全兄妹次代) 114개 개체목의 haplotype을 확인하고 이를 화분친(花粉親) 및 3개 모수(母樹)에서 확인된 haplotype 조합과 비교한 결과, 이들 중 14개체에서 인공교배(人工交配) 화분친(花粉親)과 다른 cpDNA haplotype이 확인되어 이들이 교배에 사용된 화분친(花粉親)이 아닌 타개체로부터 유입된 화분에 의해서 생성된 개체로 동정되었다. 특히, 강원30으로부터 생산된 차대(次代) 중 한 개체목은 불완전한 제웅(除雄)이나 인공교배(人工交配)시 모수(母樹)에서 생산된 화분의 유입으로 인해서 야기된 자가교배(自家交配)에 의해서 생성되었을 가능성이 매우 높은 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 분석된 cpSSR 지문분석은 향후 자연림내 친계차대목(親系次代木) 감별과 삽목, 접목 및 조직배양에 의한 무성번식묘(無性繁殖苗)의 동정, 순수(純粹) 전형매차대(全兄妹次代)의 확인 등 식물법의학적(植物法醫學的) 분석법(分析法)에 유용하게 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• 가족자원경영과 정책
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2022

본 연구는 2019 통계청 생활시간조사 자료를 분석하여 미취학자녀를 둔 아버지의 돌봄유형별 자녀돌봄 행태와 영향 요인을 근무일과 비근무일로 나누어 살펴보았다. 본 연구의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미취학 자녀를 둔 아버지들은 비근무일에 근무일의 3배 이상의 시간을 자녀돌봄에 사용하였으며, 참여율 또한 비근무일에 더 높았다. 둘째, 맞벌이 아버지와 외벌이 아버지 모두 필수돌봄과 발달돌봄에 사용한 시간이 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 필수돌봄에 대한 요구가 높은 시기임을 고려할 때 아버지들이 필수 돌봄에 발달돌봄과 비슷한 정도의 참여를 하고 있다는 점은 고무적인 결과라고 할 수 있다. 셋째, 아버지들은 어머니의 시간가용성을 고려하여 근무일과 비근무일 간에 돌봄유형별 돌봄 참여를 조정하는 것으로 보인다. 넷째, 아버지의 근무일의 자녀돌봄 시간은 근무일과 비근무일 모두 가정 내 돌봄 요구와 관련되는 변수들의 영향력이 컸으며, 돌봄유형 중 발달돌봄 시간은 분석에 투입된 독립변수들에 의해 거의 설명되지 않았다. 연구 결과로 볼 때, 아버지의 양육참여를 제고하기 위해서는 근로시간 단축과 다양한 가족친화제도의 도입이 요구되며, 부부가 자녀 돌봄에 대한 공동책임을 가지고 자녀양육을 함께 해나갈 수 있도록 아버지들의 양육책임에 대한 인식 변화 또한 필요하다.

• 대한간호
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• 제27권5호통권148호
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• pp.69-78
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• 1988

The objectives of this study are primarily to teview the fatherhood and the behavior and influence of faters with respect to their infants and children, and finally by conceptualizing its concepts, to provide basic informations for nursing intervention st

• 아동학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.135-145
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• 1999

Little is known about the relationship between fathers and their preadolescent children in Korea or about variations in fathering by SES and sex role orientation. The purpose of this exploratory research was to examine variation in contemporary Korean fathering (e.g., warmth of fathering, frequency of father involvement, and task share of father involvement) and its influence on children's sex role development. One hundred and twenty-nine fathers, mothers, and their 11-13-year-old children completed standardized survey questionnaires addressing their childrearing practices, parental role involvement, spousal support, and sex role orientations. Data were analyzed using MANOVAs, t-test, correlational analyses, and multiple regression analyses. Mothers reported more warmth in parenting than did fathers. Regardless of sex of child middle class fathers reported more warmth than lower class fathers and lower frequency of task share than lower class fathers. Regardless of SES, fathers with working wives reported higher levels of task share of involvement relative to their spouse. Fathers who were more frequently involved with their children tended to receive greater support from their wives for paternal involvement. There were no differences in parenting by sex of child nor was fathering associated with children's sex role orientation. Girls' femininity was related to fathers' masculinity. SES, maternal support, fathers' femininity, parents' education level, and maternal work status had predictive ability for the ecological view that fathering is a dynamic process predicted by personal characteristics as well as contextual factors.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제12권6호
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• pp.19-39
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• 2016

The present study examined differences in children's behavior problems and peer interaction, and parental factors including self-esteem, depression and childrearing stress between atopic dermatitis(AD) and normal(non-AD) children in each gender, and analyzed the effects of the parental factors on the two variables of AD children. 165 AD and 1176 non-AD children of age 5 were selected from the 6th year data of the Panel Study on Korean Children. The results from t-test and multiple regression are as follows. First, only AD boys showed a higher level of behavior problems than non-AD boys, but peer interaction showed no difference between AD and non-AD groups. Compared with non-AD children's parents, mothers of AD children showed a higher stress level and mothers of AD boys had a higher depression level. But there were no differences in maternal self-esteem and paternal factors between the groups. Second, AD boys' behavior problems were related to maternal factors and paternal stress, and some characteristics of AD girls' behavior problems were related with some parental variables. But peer interaction of AD children had no relation with parental factors. Third, behavior problems were influenced by maternal stress in AD boys and influenced by maternal depression and parental self-esteem in AD girls.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권11호
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• pp.1536-1544
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• 2013

A least squares regression interval mapping model was derived to detect quantitative trait loci (QTL) with a unique mode of genomic imprinting, polar overdominance (POD), under a breed cross design model in outbred mammals. Tests to differentiate POD QTL from Mendelian, paternal or maternal expression QTL were also developed. To evaluate the power of the POD models and to determine the ability to differentiate POD from non-POD QTL, phenotypic data, marker data and a biallelic QTL were simulated on 512 F2 offspring. When tests for Mendelian versus parent-of-origin expression were performed, most POD QTL were classified as partially imprinted QTL. The application of the series of POD tests showed that more than 90% and 80% of medium and small POD QTL were declared as POD type. However, when breed-origin alleles were segregating in the grand parental breeds, the proportion of declared POD QTL decreased, which was more pronounced in a mating design with a small number of parents ($F_0$ and $F_1$). Non-POD QTL, i.e. with Mendelian or parent-of-origin expression (complete imprinting) inheritance, were well classified (>90%) as non-POD QTL, except for QTL with small effects and paternal or maternal expression in the design with a small number of parents, for which spurious POD QTL were declared.