• Weed & Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.2 no.3
• /
• pp.298-305
• /
• 2013

Soldier fly casts produced by eco-friendly treatment of food waste with American soldier fly was composting cast mixed food waste compost and soldier fly pupa. This study was conducted to evaluate a possibility of soldier fly casts (SFC) as soil amendment by investigating soil properties and zoysiagrass growth. Amendments were selected coco peat, compost and SFC and their ratio mixed with sand were non-amendment (NA), 7% coco peat(Coco), 7% compost (Comp), 3.5% SFC (1/2SFC) and 7% SFC. In soil properties, SFC was increased CEC than NA and T-N, Av-$P_2O_5$ and exchangeable K in soil than Coco. Compared with Coco and Comp, turf quality such as turf color index and chlorophyll index in SFC was higher and root length of zoysiagrass longer. Growth of shoot, runner and root in SFC was increase than that of Coco and Comp. These results indicated that 7% SFC applied as soil amendment was improved growth and quality of zoysiagrass by prompting soil productivity and nutrient availability in soil and root growth.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
• /
• v.25 no.1
• /
• pp.13-24
• /
• 2018

Planning and designing training facilities has been developed from educational facilities, and increasingly diversified society has raised a need for facilities dedicated to training and education in a differentiated space separate from the one for regular works. This particular need of our times has led to the expansion of training facilities nationwide although they have something to be desired when it comes to planning and designing with sustainability associated with the locational characteristics of urban space as well as the unique types of facilities taken into account. Against this backdrop, this study will examined a variety of training facilities that have been established since 2000 through theoretical review and conduct intensive analysis on the characteristics of the planning aspects to suggest their significance and implications and to present the overall meanings and ramifications of planning approaches in consideration of new challenges modern training facilities are faced with, which have been revealed through architectural design competitions in recent years. The relevant implications are as follows. First, one of the locational advantages of training facilities, which is commanding beautiful scenery of the surrounding area, can be considered as intent to stress the aspect of a resort, one of the functions of any training facilities. As this study has demonstrated, many training facilities are located near around a beach or a lake. Second, training facilities can be classified into three different types in terms of their location: urban, suburban and resort and such locational characteristics are directly related to intended programs and differentiated links with target users. Third, the architectural styles of training institutes are differentiated in terms of harmonious arrangement between beautiful natural scenery and buildings in consideration of the layout characteristics of major facilities and the distance of ramps in and out of the facilities along with architectural features, including the transparency of building elevation and the type of slopes of roof structure. Fourth, the individual lodging buildings feature a variety of types depending on the design concept with different roles depending on the directional aspects such as the connection of ramps and the relations with the outside. Fifth, outdoor space plans are differentiated according to the intended purpose of training facilities. When it comes to gym facilities, for example, different outdoor space plans are found to be made depending on the original design concept such as outdoor playground-centered planning or golf facilities.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.56-61
• /
• 2010

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of application of SCB liquid fertilizer produced after slurry composting and biofiltration (SCB) on turfgrass growth in golf course during 6 month period from May to October in 2008. The change of soil properties by applying CF and SCB was unaffected respective treatments. As compared with NF, turf color index of CF, S-1 and S-2 increased by 1.8%, 2.5%, and 3.4%, respectively and chlorophyll content by 13%, 19%, and 25%, respectively. Dry weight of S-1 and S-2 was increased by 15% and 26% than that of CF. As compared with CF, N uptake rate in S-1 and S-2 was increased by 21% and 37%, P uptake rate 57% and 28%, and K uptake rate 16% and 27%, respectively. S-2 showed the best effect for turf color index, chlorophyll content, dry weigh and nutrient uptake rate in creeping bentgrass. These results suggested that an mixed application of SCB and compound fertilizer was improved turf quality and growth of creeping bentgrass by increasing nutrient uptake rate of turfgrass.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.24 no.1
• /
• pp.62-66
• /
• 2010

Synthetic turfgrass was developed for longer durability than natural turfgrass. As synthetic turfgrass use increases, disadvantage was exposed and composite turfgrass was designed to reinforce disadvantage of synthetic turfgrass. However, A few researches were conducted to evaluate composite turfgrass in South Korea. Therefore, this research was conducted to select a turfgrass species to maximize practical use of composite turfgrass. In 14 Oct. 2006 synthetic turfgrass was established in the research center in Hanul Sports Turf, Inc. located Hapcheon-Gun, Gyunggnam province. Kentucky bluegrass, Tall fescue, and a mixture of Kentucky bluegrass and Perennial ryegrass were used to combine with synthetic turfgrass. Wide and narrow types of synthetic turfgrass were used. As temperature increase, coverage of tall fescue and the mixture reduced but Kentucky bluegrass had the best result of turfgrass coverage although there were no differences on turfgrass quality among types of turfgrass.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
• /
• v.29 no.3
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 2011

The purpose of this study is to explore social supports for elderly housing and their residential lives in small cities along rural counties of the United States and Canada, and suggest future implications for age-concentrated rural villages in Korea. In this study, five small and medium cities in non-metropolitan counties of California and Ontario province were visited and elderly residents and service experts were interviewed about their perceptions of community integrated social support networks for senior residences. The senior housing complexes were built due to influx of both metropolitan and rural residents seeking warm localities, traffic connections, business purposes in active production areas. and leisure attractions. There are five main social support networks for senior housing issues in these areas. First, the areas are claimed for senior zones and accordingly health industries are encouraged by local authorities. Second, the community is homogeneously constructed as a senior friendly environment and include features such as an RV park and mobile cottages. Third, senior-helping seniors are offered active work through golf-cluster active retirement communities. Fourth, traditional theme production camps are mobilized by the elderly workers. Lastly, an information system is maintained for screening volunteers and for senior abuse prevention. On the other hand, residential lives are occasionally negatively influenced by unbalanced concentrations of elderly facilities such as nursing stations and funeral homes. For the future of Korean rural elderly policies, suggestions are made as follows: first, an integrated urban and rural township that contains attractive places for early retiring people who seek a warm atmosphere in later life needs to be constructed. Second, an integrated model retirement village of urban and rural retirement life needs to be initiated as a measure of evaluating the adaptation process of movers in senior concentrated zones. Third, a cooperation system among governmental ministries needs to be formed with the long- term goal of establishing a traditional rural town of independent housing districts and medical facilities in rural areas. Fourth, productive and active lifestyles need to be maintained as the local community and government develop successful retirement rural villages, by limiting the expansion of nursing related facilities. Finally, generation integrated visiting welfare programs and services need to be further developed for the housing areas especially in the winter, when social integration and activity are relatively low.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
• /
• v.27 no.1
• /
• pp.46-58
• /
• 2017

Objectives: Particulate matter (PM) at construction sites mostly originates from either construction activities or the atmospheric environment. This study was conducted to evaluate the exposure level to PM and the contribution ratio of atmosphere sources at construction sites. Methods: We reviewed literature and governmental systems related to PM exposure in occupational settings and summarized them. In the field evaluation, five construction sites and one golf course were selected: two from Gyeonggi-do Province and four from North Gyeongsang-do Province. For each site, personal samples from outdoor construction workers and area samples from the outdoor area around the construction site office were collected according to construction work types. PM concentrations reported from nearby National Ambient Air Monitoring Stations were recorded. Respirable dust concentrations, respirable silica concentrations, and several metal concentrations including Cd, Cr, Pb, and As were monitored over four months. In the end we suggested how to manage particulate matter exposure at construction sites. Results: There was little literature reporting on exposure levels of construction workers to PM. Respirable dust concentrations measured in Gyeonggi-do Province were higher than those measured in North Gyeongsang-do Province. The geometric means of respirable dust concentrations in personal samples and area samples were $37.89{\mu}g/m^3$ and $92.86{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. The respirable dust concentrations were higher than the PM concentrations reported from nearby National Ambient Air Monitoring Station. The geometric means of respirable silica concentrations of personal samples and area samples were $1.3{\mu}g/m^3$ and $1.1{\mu}g/m^3$, respectively. All metal concentrations were lower than 10% of individual Korean occupational exposure limits. Conclusions: Assuming that personal samples consisted of ambient PM and dust originating from work activities and area samples only collected ambient PM, we concluded that the dust exposure of outdoor construction workers originated 40.8% from the atmosphere and 59.2% from construction activities. PM exposure at construction sites should be controlled by employers, as in the case of outdoor heat stress. The Korean government needs to consider setting an occupational exposure limit for respirable dust.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.203-211
• /
• 2006

This study was initiated to investigate the difference of playing ability among soccer fields established with natural turfgrass, artificial turf and bare ground. The soccer fields with natural turfgrasses were established with cool-season grass(Kentucky bluegrass 80%+Perennial ryegrass 20%) and zoysiagrass. The artificial turf field was constructed with Konigreen $DV5000^{TM}$. Bare ground was sandy soil. Data such as ball rolling distance and vertical ball rebound were collected at the Sports Science Town of Konkuk University from 2005 to 2006. A ball in the study was Hummel Air Vision #1, certified by KFA(Korea Football Association) in ball pressure of 1.01b. Ball rolling distance was the longest on bare ground(13.6m), followed by artificial grass(11.4m), cool-season grass(7.8m) and zoysiagrass(4.7m). It decreased with lower frequency in use, stronger rigidity and higher density of turfgrass. Vertical ball rebound was the highest on bare ground(1.0m), followed by artificial grass(0.9m), cool-season grass(0.6m) and zoysiagrass(0.4m). It was lower under conditions of low use frequency, strong rigidity, and high density. Both ball rolling distance and vertical ball rebound were not greatly affected by cool-season grass maintained with high intensity of culture by years after establishment. However, zoysiagrass field under low intensity of culture showed longer in ball rolling distance and higher in vertical ball rebound with time after establishment.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.50 no.6
• /
• pp.634-643
• /
• 2017

No-tillage is an effective practice to save labor input and reduce methane emission from the paddy. Effects of tillage and cultivation methods on carbon accumulation and soil properties were investigated in the treatments of tillage-transplanting (T-T), tillage-wet hill seeding (T-WS), minimum tillage-dry seeding (MT-S) and no-tillage dry seeding (NT-S) of rice. Soil carbon was higher in NT-S and MT-S, compared to T-T and T-WS. In NT-S and MT-S, soil carbon contents were the highest in the top soil (5 cm depth) and decreased with soil depth. In T-T and T-WS, however soil carbon contents showed no significant difference up to soil depth of 15 cm from the top. Carbon content was the highest in the soil particle size under $106{\mu}m$ and decreased as the soil particle size increased. Contents of water-stable aggregates in NT-S and MT-S were higher than those of T-T and T-WS. In NT-S and MT-S, contents of water-stable aggregates were the highest in the top soil and significantly decreased with soil depth while no significant difference up to the soil depth of 15 cm in T-T and T-WS. Available $SiO_2$ contents in the top soil were the highest in NT-S and MT-S while the lowest in T-T and T-WS. It is concluded that minimum or no disturbance of soil in rice cultivation can increase carbon accumulation in the soil, especially in the top layer, and subsequently contribute to the formation of the water-stable soil aggregates.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.241-249
• /
• 2022

Humans and wild birds coexist in cities, where habitat fragmentation due to urbanization threatens the habitat and movement of birds. In this study, in order to identify landscape features associated with wild bird collide, we characterized landscape composition within a 500 m radius and points of wild bird carcasses in Suwon-city, South Korea. Dead birds were identified as having a Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) of 0.3, Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI) of -0.05, and Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI) of -0.16 at the points of collide. And there were NDVI of 0.34, NDBI of -0.01, NDWI of -0.18, building height of 13.8 m, and soundproof wall length of 227.3 m within a radius of 500 m. Land cover type was dominated by grassland, used area, and bare land. In particular, the edges of urbanized areas, where apartments bordered forests, reservoirs, and golf courses, were identified as high-risk spaces. In order to minimize bird mortality risk in urban environments, the impact of changes to a vertical landscape should be reviewed from an environmental impact assessment approach. In addition, a preventive management plan that considers the temporal and spatial features that wild animals can safely avoid and adapt to in urbanized spaces should be prepared.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.344-360
• /
• 2017

Zoysiagrasses are important turf plants used for school playgrounds, parks, golf courses, and sports fields. The two most popular zoysiagrass species are Zoysia japonica and Zoysia sinica. These are widely distributed across different growing zones and are morphologically distinguishable from each other; however, it is phenotypically difficult to differentiate those that grow along the coastal line from those in beach area habitats. A combination of morphological and molecular approaches is desirable to efficiently identify these two plant cultivars. In this study, we used a rapid identification system based on DNA barcoding of the nrDNA-internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions. The nrDNA-ITS regions of ITS1, 5.8S nrDNA, and ITS2 from Z. japonica, Z. sinica, Agrostis stolonifera, and Poa pratensis were DNA barcoded to classify these grasses according to their molecular identities. The nrDNA-ITS sequences of these species were found at 686 bp, 687 bp, 683 bp, and 681 bp, respectively. The size of ITS1 ranged from 248 to 249 bp, while ITS2 ranged from 270 to 274 bp. The 5.8S coding region ranged from 163 - 164bp. Between Z. japonica and Z. sinica, nineteen (2.8%) nucleotide sites were variable, and the G+C content of the ITS region ranged from 55.4 to 63.3%. Substitutions and insert/deletion (indel) sites in the nrDNA-ITS sequence of Z. japonica and Z. sinica were converted to cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) markers, and applied to the Zoysia grasses sampled to verify the presence of these markers. Among the 62 control and collected grass samples, we classified three groups: 36 Z. japonica, 22 Z. sinica, and 4 Z. japonica/Z. sinica hybrids. Morphological classification revealed only two groups; Z. japonica and Z. sinica. Our results suggest that used of the nrDNA-ITS barcode region and CAPS markers can be used to distinguish between Z. japonica and Z. sinica at the species level.