• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.67 no.3
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• pp.227-252
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• 2015

This study conducted in-depth interviews of seven parents with autistic adults and analyzed them using qualitative case study methods in order to understand overall meaning of care experiences of parents with autistic adult children. Thus, four key topics which are 'experience of embracement', 'experience of anticipation', 'experience of despair', 'experience of resistance' were constructed. Under these key topics, 12 subcategories which are 'accepting reality', 'positive experience', 'gradual improvement', 'desire to provide better quality of life', 'expectation towards the society', 'strenuous lives', 'psychological exhaustion', 'predicted anxiety', 'defensive attitude', 'distrust of social welfare', 'confronting injustice', 'active behaviors' were constructed. According to the analysis, care experiences of parents with autistic adults are not segmentary, but they are intertwined which make them more dynamic. Thus, easing their despair, empowering positiveness to them, and assisting them to have healthy resistant voice are needed to support the parents with autistic adults. Based on the analysis, we suggest an intervention plan to support autistic adults and their parents.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.25-34
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• 2005

Background and Objectives There was no clinical data except literary study on mutual correlation with autistic disorder in Western medical diagnosis and five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) in Oriental medical diagnosis. This study was performed to investigate the correlation of five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) to the children with autistic disorder and to set the time table for clinical diagnosis of developmental retardation by making a comparative study of normal developmental children so we can treat the children with autistic disorder in good time. Method We made the comparative study of interview sheets recorded by parents of total 163 children who were diagnosed as autistic disorder who visited HaeMa Oriental Medical Clinic with interview sheets recorded by parents of generally accepted normal developmental children(263) and then we took statistics. Results : 1. There was significant correlation with speech and walking among five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) in autistic disorder statistically and clinically in comparison with normal children. 2. There wasn't significant correlation with growth time of tooth among five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) on diagnosis of autistic disorder in comparison with normal children. 3. There was significant correlation with retardation of times going to toilet by oneself (it does not consist in five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲).) in both of autistic disorder. Conclusion Autistic disorder was significantly correlated with the faculty of speech(語遲), retardation in walking out(行遲) of five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲). We need to concrete the index of diagnosis, because it is so difficult to measure times and register retardation in tooth eruption(齒遲), retardation in hair-growing(髮遲), debility of neck and nape(頭項軟), flaccidity of extremities(手軟) and flaccidity of muscle(肌肉軟). And we can also use times going to toilet by oneself as one of diagnostic criteria because of its significant correlation. It is required to make early diagnosis of five kinds of flaccidity in infants(五軟), five kinds of retardation(五遲) using these criteria, and to treat them early by oriental medicine.

• Child Health Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2015

Purpose: This study was done to identify differences in the life transition process of parents caring for children with autism according to parents' socio-demographic characteristics. Methods: Participants were 194 parents caring for children with autism. Data were collected from December 2013 to February 2014 through self-report questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA with SPSS/WIN 20.0. Results: Mean scores for despairing or accepting phases were higher than those for denying or wandering phases in the life transition process. According to parents' gender, educational level, and job, there were some significant differences in the denying and wandering phases. Differences in denying phase by education (p=.033), job (p=.004) were significant. Respondents with higher educational level, and having a job showed a lower level of denying than other respondents. Wandering phase differed significantly by gender (p=.009) and job (p=.001). Mothers and those who did not have a job showed a higher level of wandering than fathers and those who had a job. However, there was no difference in the despairing or accepting phases. Conclusion: The life transition phase of parents with autistic children needs to be assessed to provide differentiated and intensive support program and help them move to the accepting phase.

• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.75-81
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• 2012

This study in the treatment of autistic horse therapy of children with disabilities that affect the perception of parents is to some extent how well treatment for a sense of purpose and a horse therapy was to evaluate the expectations. As parents of autistic children with disabilities a questionnaire study of 100 people was used as a research tool. Analysis of the frequency analysis method, Chi-square Analysis were analyzed by taking advantage of each. Parents interested in horse therapy and children who do not have the experience of riding. In addition, Parents who have children age 10-20 riding in the response was that there would be effects Understanding mainly ride horses in the horse therapy is physical exercise. And therapy and exercise that combines specific area of expertise, as is the way to help. In addition, behavior modification, and it is used as a way to improve. Expectations in the therapeutic horse therapy should be major(occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech therapy). Horse therapy is suitable for individual therapy at least for 2-3 weeks and the Confederacy.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.28-36
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to achieve a vision for autistic children and their parents aimed at generating interest in ideas such as "Sanitas Per Aquam" (SPA), massage and music therapy, which has begun to have widespread use and to attract attention. Methods: This cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out with autistic children and their parents from February to April 2015 in $Mu{\breve{g}}la$, Turkey. The study was began by interviewing experts in the field and by developing a suitable assessment questionnaire. In order to direct the flow of conversation between the researchers and the autisitc children and their parents, the researchers conducted semi-structured face to face interviews in a form that had been determined by using reports in the literature and the opinions of experts in the field. Results: Forty two boys (84%) and eight girls (16%) with autism participated in our study. Children in the 0 - 7 age group spent long time in the bathroom (P = 0.001). Boys liked to be hugged more than girls (P = 0.01). Children ages 0 - 7 years liked bright lighting while those 15 years of age and older liked gloomy lighting (P = 0.009). Except for these statistically significant sex- and age-related differences, no other statistically significant differences were noted in the parameters of this study. Although the result was not statistically significant, more children with mild autism disorder obeyed commands like inhale or exhale (P = 0.051). Conclusion: Treatment for autism spectrum disorders is not yet fully possible, so many studies are being done to alleviate some symptoms and to improve the quality of life for individuals with autism and their families. As a result of our study, whether touching the areas the children want touched and listening to their favorite music are required to stimulate the brain remain as questions in our minds.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.91-97
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• 2006

The effects of the Attachment Promotion Therapy (APT) program for the autistic children were reviewed by 8 papers. The program was consisted with play activity centered mother-child interaction, educational activity for parents, lecture, video-feedback, and support. APT program was effective to improve the attachment behaviors and attachment security. And the mother's behaviors to her child became more child-centered, positively responsive, expressive supportively. Ninety six point seven percent of the mothers were satisfied with the APT program. They described that it was helpful to understand their children's developmental limitation and strength, to learn how to play with their children, to make supportive social network among the mothers, to minimize familial conflicts, and to make them much more comfortable with their children. They thought the APT Program was to be a steppingstone of the further educational program. APT program is an effective early intervention to promote social development and decrease autistic problems.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.861-869
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of this research was to develop a scale to measure the life transition process of parents of children with autism, against the backdrop of a lack of research on this topic. Methods: Seventy preliminary items were drawn from previous qualitative research, and content validity was tested by three professors as well as three parents of children with autism. A questionnaire survey was also done between August 2011 and February 2012. Data were collected from 207 parents of children with autism and analyzed using descriptive statistics, item analysis, Cronbach's alpha, Pearson correlation coefficients, and factor analysis with the SPSS Win 15.0 program. Results: Twenty-nine items were selected to constitute the appropriate measuring scale and categorized into 5 factors explaining 63.2% of the total variance. The 5 factors were named; stages of denial (5 items), wandering (6 items), devotion (7 items), frustration (3 items), and finally acceptance (8 items). Cronbach's alpha for the 29 items was .80. Conclusion: The results of this study not only suggest assessment criteria for the life transition process of parents who have children with autism but also provide basic directions for program development to provide differentiated support and care at each stage.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.563-572
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• 2014

Purpose: The study was done to identify the construct validity and reliability of the life transition scale (LTS) for parents who have children with autism. Methods: Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmative factor analysis (CFA) were conducted to identify the most adequate measurement model for structural validity. Convergent validity and discriminant validity were also conducted for structural validity. Data were collected from 208 parents through self-reported questionnaires and analyzed with SPSS/WIN 15.0 and AMOS 20.0 version. Results: A four factor-structure was validated (${\chi}^2$=541.23, p<.001, GFI=.82, RMSEA=.07, IFI=.89, CFI=.89, PNFI=.73, Q (${\chi}^2/df$)=2.20) at the 3rd order of EFA and CFA, and factors were named as denying, wandering, despairing, and accepting. Both convergent and determinant validity for LTS were 100%. Cronbach's alphas for the reliability of each structure were .77-.90 and .83 for total structure. Conclusion: The four structures, 24-item instrument showed satisfactory reliability and validity. LTS has the potential to be appropriate for assessing the transition process of life for parents who have children with autism and provides basic directions for differentiated support and care at each stage.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.132-142
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• 2004

Most articles of Reactive Attachment Disorder reported Disinhibited Type children adopted from other countries. Reports from only Turkey and Korea focused on Inhibited Type of Reactive Attachment Disorder children whom raised by their own parents and whose symptoms are very similar to Autistic Disorder. Since articles of treatment of Reactive Attachment Disorder, especially for Inhibited Type are very rare, this article informed the author's experiences of treatment for Korean Reactive Attachment Disorder children since 1987. To treat Reactive Attachment Disorder patients and their parents, three important areas must be included : 1) to make a therapeutic environment for a Reactive Attachment Disorder child, 2) to make an attachment between Reactive Attachment Disorder child and his/her mother through individual play therapy, filial therapy, and group therapy with sibling or peer, 3) to catch up developmental delay by speech therapy, cognitive therapy and therapeutic education. This treatment methods can be more easily and more effectively applied to Korean patients than other methods from western countries including USA or England.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.123-131
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• 2013

This study aims to investigate development directions for smart contents to support enhancing adaptive behavior skills of children with autistic disorder in elementary school. AHP survey of experts including special education teachers and directors in educational institution for disability children was performed to analyze importance weight for smart contents development necessity and effectiveness in adaptive behavior skills. And the smart contents development suitability through pre-discussion for idea generation for various development method and AHP survey with smart application development experts was evaluated. The results show that the effective and suitable adaptive behavior skills for smart contents development were understanding of languaging, time management and keeping, movement skills, wearing clothes, and personal hygiene in order of importance. Based on this study, education authorities should make an effort not to develop fragmentary educational smart contents but to support development of smart contents and service systems with better effectiveness and usability to meet demand for special education teachers and parents considering characteristics of children with autism.