• International Journal of Highway Engineering
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.51-57
• /
• 2014

PURPOSES : An conventional method for electric power generation is converting thermal energy into mechanical energy then to electrical energy. Due to environmental issues such as global warming related with $CO_2$ emission etc., were the limiting factor for the energy resources which resulting in extensive research and novel technologies are required to generate electric power. Thermal energy harvesting using thermoelectric generator is one of energy harvesting technologies due to diverse advantages for new green technology. This paper presents a possibility of application of the thermoelectric generator's application in the direct exchange of waste solar energy into electrical power in road space. METHODS : To measure generated electric power of the thermoelectric generator, data logger was adopted as function of experimental factors such as using cooling sink, connection methods etc. Also, the thermoelectric generator、s behavior at low ambient temperature was investigated as measurement of output voltage vs. elapsed times. RESULTS : A few temperature difference between top an bottom of the thermoelectric generator is generated electric voltage. Components of an electrical circuit can be connected in various ways. The two simplest of these are called series and parallel and occur so open. Series shows slightly better performance in this study. An installation of cooling sink in the thermoelectric generator system was enhanced the output of power voltage. CONCLUSIONS : In this paper, a basic concepts of thermoelectric power generation is presented and applications of the thermoelectric generator to waste solar energy in road is estimated for green energy harvesting technology. The possibility of usage of thermoelectric technology for road facilities was found under the ambient thermal gradient between two surfaces of the thermoelectric module. An experiment results provide a testimony of the feasibility of the proposed environmental energy harvesting technology on the road facilities.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
• /
• v.54 no.7
• /
• pp.29-35
• /
• 2017

This paper presents a high-throughput area-efficient mixed-radix fast Fourier transform (FFT) processor using the efficient scheduling schemes. The proposed FFT processor can support 64, 128, 256, and 512-point FFTs for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems, and can achieve a high throughput using mixed-radix algorithm and eight-parallel multipath delay commutator (MDC) architecture. This paper proposes new scheduling schemes to reduce the size of read-only memories (ROMs) and complex constant multipliers without increasing delay elements and computation cycles; thus, reducing the hardware complexity further. The proposed mixed-radix MDC FFT processor is designed and implemented using the Samsung 65nm complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology. The experimental result shows that the area of the proposed FFT processor is 0.36 mm2. Furthermore, the proposed processor can achieve high throughput rates of up to 2.64 GSample/s at 330 MHz.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.28 no.9
• /
• pp.685-697
• /
• 2017

In this paper, it is presented the result of design and fabrication for C-band solid state high power amplifier unit and components using in search radar. The solid state power amplifier(SSPA) assembly was fabricated using GaN(Gallium Nitride), which is semiconductor device, and the transmit signal output power of the solid state high power amplifier unit is generated by combining the transmit signal power of the solid state power amplifier configured in parallel through a design and fabricated waveguide type transmit signal combine assembler. Designed solid state high power amplifier unit demonstrated C-band 500 MHz bandwidth, maximum 10.5% duty cycle, transmit pulse width from $0.0{\mu}s{\sim}000{\mu}s$, and transmit signal power is 44.98 kW(76.53 dBm).

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.30-36
• /
• 1996

Based on fermentation data for cyclosporin A production, simple Monod kinetics was proposed for both immobilized and suspended cultures. Higher value of $\mu$mas and lower value of Km suggest better catalytic activity of the immobilized cells than the parallel suspended cells. Furthermore, lower Km value in the immobilized cell system indicates higher affinity of the immobilized cells for carbon substrate as compared with the suspended cells. For immobilized cell cultures, these parameters were also utilized for the estimation of effectiveness factor, an indicator for intraparticle mass transfer resistance. Based on simulation studies, optimum radius of celite beads was turned out $100 ~ 500{\mu}m$In this simulation work, we examined the influence of biosupport size and immobilized biomass density on diffusional resistance of substrate inside the bead matrix. In order to maintain uniformly distributed cell activities in biosupport, it was essential to determine optimum slze of particle, and then to estimate the most economic loaded biomass content.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.303-311
• /
• 2015

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to compare the changes in retentive force of stud attachments for implant overdentures by in vitro 2-year-wear simulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Three commercially available attachment systems were investigated: Kerator blue, O-ring red, and EZ lock. Two implant fixtures were embedded in parallel in each custom base mounting. Five pairs of each attachment system were tested. A universal testing machine was used to measure the retentive force during 2500 insertion and removal cycles. Surface changes on the components were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A Kruskal-Wallis test, followed by Pairwise comparison, was used to compare the retentive force between the groups, and to determine groups that were significantly different (${\alpha}$<.05). RESULTS. A comparison of the initial retentive force revealed the highest value for Kerator, followed by the O-ring and EZ lock attachments. However, no significant difference was detected between Kerator and O-ring (P>.05). After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, the highest retention loss was recorded for O-ring, and no significant difference between Kerator and EZ lock (P>.05). Also, Kerator showed the highest retentive force, followed by EZ lock and O-ring, after 2500 cycles (P<.05). Based on SEM analysis, the polymeric components in O-ring and Kerator were observed to exhibit surface wear and deformation. CONCLUSION. After 2500 insertion and removal cycles, all attachments exhibited significant loss in retention. Mechanism of retention loss can only be partially explained by surface changes.

• Aerospace Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.6 no.2
• /
• pp.40-44
• /
• 2007

Based on the optical design type, the large aperture payload has not only a different characteristic of design, assembly and alignment but also its own merits and demerits. The analysis of characteristic has been performed according to the optical design type and based on this result, our camera is 4 reflective mirror system based on the Korsch type. Each mirror assembly is to be verified in the mirror manufacturer and the Optical Module(OM) will be assembled, aligned and tested by KARI. The final performance of camera depends on the several factors, especially, the optical performance of its OM In parallel with the optical design the conceptual design of OM assembly and alignment has been performed. In this paper, the analysis of characteristic has been performed according to the optical design type and the conceptual design of OM assembly and alignment was described with regard to optical performance.

• Geomechanics and Engineering
• /
• v.14 no.3
• /
• pp.271-281
• /
• 2018

A jointed rock slope stability evaluation was simulated by a discontinuous deformation analysis numerical method to investigate the process and safety factors for different crack distributions and different overloading situations. An optimized method using Discontinuous Deformation Analysis for Rock Failure (DDARF) is presented to perform numerical investigations on the jointed rock slope stability evaluation of the Dagangshan hydropower station. During the pre-processing of establishing the numerical model, an integrated software system including AutoCAD, Screen Capture, and Excel is adopted to facilitate the implementation of the numerical model with random joint network. These optimizations during the pre-processing stage of DDARF can remarkably improve the simulation efficiency, making it possible for complex model calculation. In the numerical investigations on the jointed rock slope stability evaluations using the optimized DDARF, three calculation schemes have been taken into account in the numerical model: (I) no joint; (II) two sets of regular parallel joints; and (III) multiple sets of random joints. This model is capable of replicating the entire processes including crack initiation, propagation, formation of shear zones, and local failures, and thus is able to provide constructive suggestions to supporting schemes for the slope. Meanwhile, the overloading numerical simulations under the same three schemes have also been performed. Overloading safety factors of the three schemes are 5.68, 2.42 and 1.39, respectively, which are obtained by analyzing the displacement evolutions of key monitoring points during overloading.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.81-90
• /
• 2012

The contents of this study are as follows. First, an academic understanding has been achieved by exploring the theoretical concept "allegory", and a new theoretical approached methodology has been sought. Second, an analysis-index of fashion illustration cases has been suggested based on the allegory theory of Craig Owens. Third, in order to draw the characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint and find out its feasibility, the case studies has been referred and the internal significance, external significance that combines different characteristics has been extracted. In regards to this study method, literature studies and case studies has been done in parallel with each other. This study was done in the following sequence: the establishment of the study system, the drawing of the allegory-associated concepts and the discovering the characteristics of aesthetic expressions. The results of this study on the expression characteristics of fashion illustration as viewed from the allegorical viewpoint of Craig Owens are as follows. First, the borrowing of image, which is a characteristic of allegory, contains the meaning of uncertainty in the fashion illustration as it expresses the image-synthesis and forms a completely different meaning as the fixed meaning is dissolved and it is utilized as a photo-montage technique. Second, the inference of pictogram is the mixture of linguistic medium and visual medium. Fashion illustration utilizes the characters and transmits the fashion information visually and immanently. It has the characteristic of making the information into pictograms and the internal significances of mutual-text with communication function. Third, the uniqueness of location in the fashion illustration has the special nature of utilized mediums as it is used for advertising or publicizing. The fashion illustration from the viewpoint of allegory has the impermanency of existing only for a limited time and reflects the coincidence that gives the meaning of utilized location according to the season trend. Fourth, the cross-breeding is expressed as the mixture of various materials in the fashion illustration. The expressions made by the mixture of media, such as the use of computer graphic programs mixed together with various materials showed the trend of diversity and genre dissolution.

• Journal of Korean Society for Geospatial Information Science
• /
• v.6 no.2 s.12
• /
• pp.119-132
• /
• 1998

Much information on the terrain and the space has been depicted to maps of various form according to the map scale and the application. In Korea the base map system was made by only one projection method(Transvers Mercator projection). This is the reason to study this paper, because I think singular map projection method can't satisfy the various map scales and application. In this paper Meridian Are Length, Parallel Are Length of ellipsoid and the area of ellipsoidal surface-the length, the width and area of the map scale 1/5,000, 1/25,000, 1/5,000, 1/1,000, will be calculated and transformed to the plane length and area by Transvers Mercartor projection and Polyhedrical projection. The projection distortion which came into existence on this occasion was compared and analyzed by this Paper. And Properties on TM and Polyhedrical projection were understood. Lastly this paper intended to present suitable map projections according to the map scales and the purpose of use.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.32 no.2
• /
• pp.101-109
• /
• 2004

In order to enhance the productivity of AVM $B_{la}$ produced by Streptomyces avermitilis as a secondary metabolite, we established a basic protocol necessary for protoplast fusion with high-producing strains as a fusion partner, and then obtained various kinds offusants by adopting a massive strain-development procedure (a miniaturized strain screening system). An alternative fusion method using UV and/or NTG mutation of protoplasts was developed to screen genetic recombinants without specific selectable markers. In this method, the mutants obtained by protoplast fusion after UV and/or NTG treatment (95% death rate) of the respective fusion partner (protoplasts of the respective mutants resistant against L-isoleucine antimetabolites such as O-methylthreonine and/or azaleucine) were regarded as DNA-recombined protoplast fusants. Notably it was demonstrated that most of the protoplast recombinants obtained by the UV mutation method were able to biosynthesize higher amount of AVM $B_{la}$ , reaching almost three times higher level (almost equal to the industrial productivity), compared to the average AVM Bla amount of the parallel mother strains.