• 제목/요약/키워드: parabolic distribution

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Analytical Modeling and Simulation of Dual Material Gate Tunnel Field Effect Transistors

  • Samuel, T.S.Arun;Balamurugan, N.B.;Sibitha, S.;Saranya, R.;Vanisri, D.
    • Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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    • 제8권6호
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    • pp.1481-1486
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    • 2013
  • In this paper, a new two dimensional (2D) analytical model of a Dual Material Gate tunnel field effect transistor (DMG TFET) is presented. The parabolic approximation technique is used to solve the 2-D Poisson equation with suitable boundary conditions. The simple and accurate analytical expressions for surface potential and electric field are derived. The electric field distribution can be used to calculate the tunneling generation rate and numerically extract tunneling current. The results show a significant improvement of on-current and reduction in short channel effects. Effectiveness of the proposed method has been confirmed by comparing the analytical results with the TCAD simulation results.

INFINITE FAMILIES OF RECURSIVE FORMULAS GENERATING POWER MOMENTS OF TERNARY KLOOSTERMAN SUMS WITH SQUARE ARGUMENTS ASSOCIATED WITH O-(2n, q)

  • Kim, Dae-San
    • 대한수학회지
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    • 제48권2호
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    • pp.267-288
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    • 2011
  • In this paper, we construct eight infinite families of ternary linear codes associated with double cosets with respect to certain maximal parabolic subgroup of the special orthogonal group $SO^-$(2n, q). Here q is a power of three. Then we obtain four infinite families of recursive formulas for power moments of Kloosterman sums with square arguments and four infinite families of recursive formulas for even power moments of those in terms of the frequencies of weights in the codes. This is done via Pless power moment identity and by utilizing the explicit expressions of exponential sums over those double cosets related to the evaluations of "Gauss sums" for the orthogonal groups $O^-$(2n, q).

유한한 평판에서 포물선형 및 쌍곡선형 열전도 방정식과 파동 방정식의 비교 해석 (Comparative Analysis of the Parabolic and Hyperbolic Heat Conduction and the Damped Wave in a Finite Medium)

  • 박상규;이용호
    • 동력기계공학회지
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.14-21
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    • 1999
  • The wave nature of heat conduction has been developed in situations involving extreme thermal gradients, very short times, or temperatures near absolute zero. Under the excitation of a periodic surface heating in a finite medium, the hyperbolic and parabolic heat conduction equations and the damped wave equations in heat flux are presented for comparative analysis by using the Green's function with the integral transform technique. The Kummer transformation is also utilized to accelerate the rate of convergence of these solutions. On the other hand, the temperature distributions are obtained through integration of the energy conservation law with respect to time. For hyperbolic heat conduction, the heat flux distribution does not exist throughout all the region in a finite medium within the range of very short times(${\xi}<{\eta}_l$). It is shown that due to the thermal relaxation time, the hyperbolic heat conduction equation has thermal wave characteristics as the damped wave equation has wave nature.

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Estimation of Cardinal Temperatures for Germination of Seeds from the Common Ice Plant Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Models

  • Cha, Mi-Kyung;Park, Kyoung Sub;Cho, Young-Yeol
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제34권2호
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    • pp.236-241
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    • 2016
  • The common ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.) has some medicinal uses and recommended plant in closed-type plant factory. The objective of this study was to estimate the cardinal temperatures for seed germination of the common ice plant using bilinear, parabolic, and beta distribution models. Seeds of the common ice plant were germinated in the dark in a growth chamber at four constant temperatures: 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$. For this, four replicates of 100 seeds were placed on two layers of filter paper in a 9-cm petri dish and radicle emergence of 0.1 mm was scored as germination. The times to 50% germination were 4.3, 2.5, 2.0, and 1.8 days at 16, 20, 24, and $28^{\circ}C$, respectively, indicating that the germination of this warm-weather crop increased with temperature. Next, the time course of germination was modeled using a logistic function. For the selection of an accurate model, seeds were germinated in the dark at constant temperatures of 6, 12, 32, and $36^{\circ}C$. Germination started earlier and increased rapidly at temperatures above $20^{\circ}C$. The minimum, optimal, and maximum temperatures were estimated by regression of the inverse of time to 50% germination rate, as a function of the temperature gradient. The different functions estimated differing minimum, optimal and maximum temperatures, with 5.7, 27.7, and $36.5^{\circ}C$, respectively for the bilinear function, 13.4, 25.0, and $36.6^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the parabolic function and 7.8, 25.9, and $36.0^{\circ}C$, respectively, for the beta distribution function. The models estimated that the inverse of time to 50% germination rate was 0 at 6 and $36^{\circ}C$. The observed final germination rates at 12 and $32^{\circ}C$ were 62 and 97%, respectively. Our data show that a beta distribution function provides a useful model for estimating the cardinal temperatures for germination of seed from the common ice plant.

선형, 쌍곡선과 Beta 함수를 이용한 상추의 주요 온도 비교 (Comparison of Cardinal Temperatures of Lettuce Using Bilinear, Parabolic, and Beta Distribution Functions)

  • 차미경;김춘식;지라파 어스틴;조영열
    • 생물환경조절학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.39-42
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    • 2014
  • 본 연구의 목적은 선형, 쌍곡선, 베타 함수를 이용하여 상추의 주요 온도를 예측하기 위함이다. 상추 종자를 항온 생육상에서 발아시켰다. 온도처리는 $10^{\circ}C$, $14^{\circ}C$, $16^{\circ}C$, $20^{\circ}C$, $24^{\circ}C$, $28^{\circ}C$$32^{\circ}C$였다. 100개의 종자를 9cm 페트리디쉬에 필터페이퍼 2장을 깔고 4반복 실시하였다. 유근이 1mm 나왔을 때를 발아로 하였다. 시간에 따른 발아율은 로지스틱 함수로 계산하였다. 최저, 최적, 최고 온도는 50% 발아한 시점의 역수를 온도에 따른 함수로 표기하여 나타내었다. 선형 함수의 경우, 최저, 최적, 최고 온도는 각각 $7.9^{\circ}C$, $23.3^{\circ}C$, $28.0^{\circ}C$였으며, 쌍곡선 함수의 경우, 최저, 최적, 최고 온도는 각각 $9.7^{\circ}C$, $19.5^{\circ}C$, $29.4^{\circ}C$였으며, 베타 함수인 경우, 최저, 최적, 최고 온도는 각각 $3.7^{\circ}C$, $20.7^{\circ}C$, $32.0^{\circ}C$였다. 최저, 최적, 최고 온도 범위는 각각 $3.7{\sim}7.9^{\circ}C$, $19.5{\sim}23.3^{\circ}C$, $28.0{\sim}32.0^{\circ}C$이었다.

충돌 제트 속도 분포를 고려한 액막의 두께와 속도 특성 (Characteristics of Thickness and Velocity of the Liquid Sheet Formed by Two Impinging Jets Considering Jet Velocity Profile)

  • 추연준;강보선
    • 한국분무공학회지
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    • 제12권2호
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    • pp.79-85
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    • 2007
  • In this study, the effect of jet velocity profile on the thickness and velocity of the liquid sheet formed by two impinging low speed jets was investigated. To predict the distribution of thickness and velocity of liquid sheet theoretically, the jet velocity profile which was measured experimentally was adopted in addition to the constant jet velocity as well as Poiseuille's parabolic profile. For three cases, the distribution of thickness and velocity of liquid sheet was analytically predicted by solving conservation equations including stagnation point. The predicted results were compared with previous experimental results. The jet velocity profile definitely affected the resulting characteristics of liquid sheet. The distribution of thickness and velocity of liquid sheet was more close to the measured results compared with that which was predicted by the assumption of constant jet velocity.

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Z-Distribution and Period Gradient of Classical Cepheids in the Galactic Plane

  • Kim, Chul-Hee
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.81-92
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    • 1986
  • The z-coordinate distribution of cepheids was studied and the finding of Fernie(1968) that the cepheid layer is inclined to ward a formal Galactic plane and the Sun is located above the cepheid plane was confirmed. It was found that the z-distribution fits better to the parabolic form than a barometric form and a scale height of 54 pc was found. The well known phenomenon that the periods of classical cepheids decrease away from the Galactic center was crudely interpreted as due to an age gradient rater than an abundance gradient under the assumption that relations between the period and galactocentric distance, and between the abundance and period are linear.

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A new suggestion for determining 2D porosities in DEM studies

  • Wang, Zhijie;Ruiken, Axel;Jacobs, Felix;Ziegler, Martin
    • Geomechanics and Engineering
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    • 제7권6호
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    • pp.665-678
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    • 2014
  • In discrete element modeling, 2D software has been widely used in order to gain further insights into the fundamental mechanisms with less computational time. The porosities used in 2D DEM studies should be determined with appropriate approaches based on 3D laboratory porosities. This paper summarizes the main approaches for converting porosities from 3D to 2D for DEM studies and theoretical evaluations show that none of the current approaches can be widely used in dealing with soil mechanical problems. Therefore, a parabolic equation and a criterion have been suggested for the determination of 2D porosities in this paper. Moreover, a case study has been used to validate that the 2D porosity obtained from the above suggestion to be rational with both the realistic contact force distribution in the specimen and the good agreement of the DEM simulation results of direct shear tests with the corresponding experimental data. Therefore, the parabolic equation and the criterion are suggested for the determination of 2D porosities in a wide range of polydisperse particle systems, especially in dealing with soil mechanical problems.

축적된 Ge층이 $Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$/Si의 산화막 성장에 미치는 영향 (The effects of pile dup Ge-rich layer on the oxide growth of $Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$/Si epitaxial layer)

  • 신창호;강대석;박재우;송성해
    • 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 대한전자공학회 1998년도 하계종합학술대회논문집
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    • pp.449-452
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    • 1998
  • We have studied the oxidatio nrte of $Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ epitaxial layer grown by MBE(molecular beam epitaxy). Oxidation were performed at 700.deg. C, 800.deg. C, 900.deg. C, and 1000.deg. C. After the oxidation, the results of AES(auger electron spectroscopy) showed that Ge was completely rejected out of the oxide and pile up at $SiO_{2}/$Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ interface. It is shown that the presence of Ge at the $SiO_{2}$/$Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ interface changes the dry oxidation rate. The dry oxidation rate was equal to that of pure Si regardless of Ge mole fraction at 700.deg. C and 800.deg.C, while it was decreased at both 900.deg. C and 1000.deg.C as the Ge mole fraction was increased. The ry oxidation rates were reduced for heavy Ge concentration, and large oxidation time. In the parabolic growth region of $Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ oxidation, The parabolic rate constant are decreased due to the presence of Ge-rich layer. After the longer oxidation at the 1000.deg.C, AES showed that Ge peak distribution at the $SiO_{2}$/$Si_{1-x}Ge_{x}$ interface reduced by interdiffusion of silicon and germanium.

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A simple analytical model for free vibration and buckling analysis of orthotropic rectangular plates

  • Sellam, Souad;Draiche, Kada;Tlidji, Youcef;Addou, Farouk Yahia;Benachour, Abdelkader
    • Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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    • 제75권2호
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    • pp.157-174
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    • 2020
  • In the present paper, a simple analytical model is developed based on a new refined parabolic shear deformation theory (RPSDT) for free vibration and buckling analysis of orthotropic rectangular plates with simply supported boundary conditions. The displacement field is simpler than those of other higher-order theories since it is modeled with only two unknowns and accounts for a parabolic distribution of the transverse shear stress through the plate thickness. The governing differential equations related to the present theory are obtained from the principle of virtual work, while the solution of the eigenvalue problem is achieved by assuming a Navier technique in the form of a double trigonometric series that satisfy the edge boundary conditions of the plate. Numerical results are presented and compared with previously published results for orthotropic rectangular plates in order to verify the precision of the proposed analytical model and to assess the impacts of several parameters such as the modulus ratio, the side-to-thickness ratio and the geometric ratio on natural frequencies and critical buckling loads. From these results, it can be concluded that the present computations are in excellent agreement with the other higher-order theories.