• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Plant Pathology Conference
• /
• 2003.10a
• /
• pp.135.2-136
• /
• 2003

To characterize plasmids in Xanthomonu axonopodis pv. glycines, we isolated plasmids pAG1 from the strain AG1 and pXAG81 and PXAG82 from the strain Bra, respectively, and sequenced three plasmids. The size of plasmids, pAG1, pXAG81, and pXAG82 was 15,149-base pairs (bp), 26,727-bp, and 1,496-bp, respectively Fifteen and twenty six possible open reading frames (ORFs) were present in pAG1 and pXAG81, respectively. Only one ORF homologous to a rep gene of Xylella fastidiosa was present in pXAG82. pAG1 contained genes homologous to avrBs3, tnpA, tnpR, repA, htrA, three parA genes, M.XmaI, R.XmaI, and six hypothetical proteins. pXAG81 contained genes homologous to avrBs3, tnpA, tnpR, repA, htrA, two parA genes, pemI, pemK, mobA, mobB, mobC, mobD, mobE, trwB, traF, traH, ISxac2, and eleven hypothetical proteins. Based on DNA sequence analysis, we presume that pXAG81 is a conjugal plasmid. Interestingly, we found 0.5-kb truncated avirulence gene similar to aurXacE3 on the right border of avrBs3 homolgs of pAG1 and pXAG81. Two hundred twenty five isolates were analyzed to find aurBS3 or tra gene homologs by Southern hybridization. The numbers of avrBs3 homolog varied from 3 in AG1 to 8 in AG166. Two hundred seventeen isolates appeared to can conjugative plasmids (pXAG81 type), and thirty eight isolates appeared to carry non-conjugative plamids (pAGl type). This indicated that aurBs3 gene homologs might be spread by conjugation in X. axonopodis pv. glycines.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
• /
• v.34 no.4
• /
• pp.22-30
• /
• 2020

Objectives This study was conducted to confirm the inhibitory effect of β-glucan on epithelial inflammation induced by atopic dermatitis through Endocannabinoid system (ECS) activity. Methods Six-week-old NC/Nga mice were divided into a control group (Ctrl), atopic dermatitis elicitation group (ADE), and a β-glucan-treated group (β-glucan treatment after atopy dermatitis elicitation, β-GT). After 3 weeks, CB1, CB2, and GPR55 were observed to confirm the regulation of ECS activity, and filaggrin in the stratum corneum and Kallikrein-related peptidase (KLK) 7 in the stratum corneum and protease activated receptor (PAR)-2 were observed to confirm the inhibition of the inflammation, Phosphorylated extracellular signal-related kinase (p-ERK), Phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (p-mTOR), and E-Cadherin were observed to confirm microenvironmental regulation. Results β-GT was significantly increased in CB1, CB2, and GPR55 positive reactions compared to that of the ADE. In positive reaction of the filaggrin in the stratum corneum, β-GT was significantly increased than that of the ADE. For KLK7 positive and PAR2 positive, β-GT was significantly reduced compared to the ADE. The p-ERK-positive and p-mTOR-positive reactions were significantly reduced in β-GT than in ADE. E-cadherin positive reaction was significantly increased in β-GT than in ADE (All p < 0.01). Conclusions It was confirmed that β-glucan has the effect of inhibiting the epithelium induced by atopic dermatitis through the ECS activity.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.43 no.5
• /
• pp.792-804
• /
• 2023

Non-aureus staphylococci (NAS), particularly antimicrobial-resistant NAS, have a substantial impact on human and animal health. In the current study, we investigated (1) the species profiles of NAS isolates collected from healthy broilers, farm environments, and farm workers in Korea, (2) the occurrence of antimicrobial-resistant NAS isolates, especially methicillin resistance, and (3) the genetic factors involved in the methicillin and fluoroquinolone resistance. In total, 216 NAS isolates of 16 different species were collected from healthy broilers (n=178), broiler farm environments (n=18), and farm workers (n=20) of 20 different broiler farms. The two most dominant broiler-associated NAS species were Staphylococcus agnetis (23.6%) and Staphylococcus xylosus (22.9%). Six NAS isolates were mecA-positive carrying staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) II (n=1), SCCmec IV (n=1), SCCmec V (n=2), or nontypeable SCCmec element (n=2). While two mecA-positive Staphylococcus epidermidis isolates from farm workers had SCCmec II and IV, a mecA-positive S. epidermidis isolate from broiler and a Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolate farm environment carried SCCmec V. The occurrence of multidrug resistance was observed in 48.1% (104/216 isolates) of NAS isolates with high resistance rates to β-lactams (>40%) and fusidic acid (59.7%). Fluoroquinolone resistance was confirmed in 59 NAS isolates (27.3%), and diverse mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE were identified. These findings suggest that NAS in broiler farms may have a potential role in the acquisition, amplification, and transmission of antimicrobial resistance.

• Journal of Korean Theatre Studies Association
• /
• no.48
• /
• pp.333-368
• /
• 2012

Dans l'histoire du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ $cor{\acute{e}}en$, la position de Chae yoon-il est $tr{\grave{e}}s$ $particuli{\grave{e}}re$. Il a $consacr{\acute{e}}$, dans ses $carri{\grave{e}}res$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$, toute son ${\acute{e}}nergie$ au $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ sans jamais $fl{\acute{e}}chir$ contre le pouvoir dictatorial. Un critique a dit que son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ est semblable au $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de la $cruaut{\acute{e}}$. Pourtant, dans la mesure $o{\grave{u}}$ il respecte le texte dramatique, et que son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ a des tendances de la politique et qu'il oriente l'engagement du spectateur, il est certain que son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ est loin du $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de la $cruaut{\acute{e}}$. Ses $proc{\acute{e}}d{\acute{e}}s$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ sont $tr{\grave{e}}s$ divers et il n'y a pas de $coh{\acute{e}}rences$ au niveau des styles dramatiques. $Malgr{\acute{e}}$ cela, nous pouvons trouver son $originalit{\acute{e}}$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ dans la rencontre avec Lee hyun-wha. Le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ ${\acute{e}}tablit$ son $esth{\acute{e}}tique$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trale$ en montant sur $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ de cinq $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ de Lee hyun-wha. Alors, en effet qu'est-ce que $l^{\prime}esth{\acute{e}}tique$ de la mise en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ de Chae yoon-il produite par les ${\oe}uvres$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}trales$ de Lee hyun-wha? Dans les $pi{\grave{e}}ces$ de Lee hyun-wha, il y a beaucoup de codes symboliques de la violence sexuelle comme le sadisme et le masochisme. L'implusion sexuelle $cach{\acute{e}}e$ dans le subconscient des personnages s'entrecroise avec le $m{\acute{e}}canisme$ du pouvoir politique. Alors, les abus sexuels et les mauvais traitements sur le corps deviennent une sorte de torture. L'expression cruelle des langages $sc{\acute{e}}niques$ n'est autre que la $r{\acute{e}}volte$ contre la $r{\acute{e}}alit{\acute{e}}$ actuelle de la politique. Son $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de torture est donc une sorte de $m{\acute{e}}canisme$ de la catharsis pour dissiper le cauchemar et l'inconscient noir. La fantasie sexuelle construite par le monde inconscient de l'auteur dramatique $s^{\prime}{\acute{e}}panouit$ dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de Chae yoon-il qui $r{\hat{e}}ve$ toujours l'esprit de la $libert{\acute{e}}$. Une des convictions dramatiques du metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$, c'est que le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ tout d'abord doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ choquant. Il dit : "l'art doit ${\hat{e}}tre$ ${\grave{a}}$ la fois ${\acute{e}}mouvant$ et bouleversant. Cependant, dans la mesure $o{\grave{u}}$ le film ou la $t{\acute{e}}l{\acute{e}}vivion$ fait aujourd'hui une vive impression aux spectateurs, la part $donn{\acute{e}}e$ au $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ est le choc." Pour donner le choc aux spectateurs, le style de la torture est $tr{\grave{e}}s$ utile. $L^{\prime}esth{\acute{e}}tique$ $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tral$ du metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ respecte essentiellement l'intention de l'auteur. $N{\acute{e}}anmois$, le respect sur l'original ne se $d{\acute{e}}range$ pas $l^{\prime}interpr{\acute{e}}tation$ de son propre $id{\acute{e}}e$. Dans l'insistance de la torture, l'analyse rituelle sous la base du choc, il projecte le symbole $arch{\acute{e}}typal$ sur $sc{\grave{e}}ne$. Bien $s{\hat{u}}r$, il renforce le $caract{\grave{e}}re$ de la politique dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de torture pour inviter des spectateurs de l'engagement. D'ailleurs, il y a l'aspect d'absurde dans le $th{\acute{e}}{\hat{a}}tre$ de torture qui insiste des violences ${\grave{a}}$ travers les langages $sc{\acute{e}}niques$ comme le $m{\acute{e}}tal$ froid, parce que le metteur en $sc{\grave{e}}ne$ $consid{\grave{e}}re$ que $l^{\prime}{\hat{e}}tre$ humain vit dans l'absurde.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.52 no.1
• /
• pp.69-80
• /
• 2007

Among the photoactive semiconductors such as $TiO_2,\;ZnO,\;Fe_2O_3,\;WO_3,\;and\;CdSe,\;TiO_2$ is the most widely used as photocatalyst in different media, because of its lack of toxicity and stability. In this study, the effects of titanium dioxide were investigated to obtain the information of physiological change in rice plant. Light-adapted Chlorophyll flourescence index decreased and relative electron transport rate of rice leaves was activated by titanium dioxide under $2,400\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}$ PAR (Photosynthetic active radiation). Relative electron transport rate of rice leaf treated with titanium dioxide 10 ppm was high in order of $2,400\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}\;PAR,\;2,200\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}\;PAR,\;450\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}\;PAR$ and titanium dioxide 10 ppm (45.1%), control (32.4%), diuron 10 ppm (15.3%) under $2,400\;{\mu}mol\;m^{-2}\;s^{-1}\;PAR$. Titanium dioxide increased photosynthesis of the rice leaf under $13.6\;KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$ UV-B only. With titanium dioxide 20 ppm, reduced UV-B ($0.15\;KJ\;m^{-2}\;day^{-1}$) intensity changed the induction of proteins and twenty-five proteins were identified. Among them, seventy proteins were up-regulated, four proteins were down-regulated and four proteins were newly synthesized. Function of these proteins was related to photosynthesis (52%), carbohydrate metabolism (4%), stress/defense (8%), secondary metabolism (4%), energy/electron transport (4%), and miscellaneous (28%).

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
• /
• v.10 no.1
• /
• pp.37-47
• /
• 2002

Objective : Previous studies have suggested an association between sleep-related breathing disorder (SRBD) and several psychological problems, and there were increasing recognition of the link. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the characteristic profiles of MMPI and SCL-90-R in patients with SRBD. Methods : This study consisted of 80 SRBD patients(73 men, 7 women) referred from Sleep Disorder Clinic of Dong-A University Hospital, Busan, Korea. Basic informations including demographic findings and physical examination were collected. Subjects completed the Epworth Sleepiness Scale(ESS), Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory(MMPI), and Symptom Check List-90-Revision (SCL-90-R) prior to standard overnight polysomnography that was performed at hospital sleep laboratory. SRBD was divided into two groups of primary snoring(PS) and obstructive sleep apnea(OSA) according to polysomnographic findings. Results : SRBD showed significant elevation rate of Hs, D, and Hy scales of MMPI and SOM scale of SCL-90-R, which exceeded the rate expected in normal individuals(>5%, 2SD). On comparison of clinical scales of SCL-90-R, OSA group had significantly greater mean score than that of PS group in terms of O-C, DEP, PAR, GSI(p<0.05), SOM and PST(p<0.01). OSA group also showed significantly higher elevation rate in Hs scale of MMPI and SOM scale of SCL-90-R than that of PS. Among OSA group, three scales of MMPI(D, Pt, Si) and three scales of SCL-90-R(ANX, PAR, PSDI) had significant correlation with some PSG variables including total sleep time and sleep efficiency. Among PS group, two scales of MMPI(Hy and Pt), elevation rate of MMPI scales and three scales of SCL-90-R(I-S, PAR, PSDI) had significant correlation with some PSG variables including sleep efficiency, sleep latency and REM sleep percent. Conclusion : The above results suggest that SRBD show neurotic profiles in MMPI and SCL-90-R. This study also clearly indicates that PS group are suffered from clinically meaningful psychiatric symptoms, which are quantitatively lessened but qualitatively similar as compared to that of OSA group.

• Atmosphere
• /
• v.28 no.2
• /
• pp.141-151
• /
• 2018

The KIAPS global model and data assimilation system were extended to assimilate brightness temperature from the Sondeur $Atmosph{\acute{e}}rique$ du Profil $d^{\prime}Humidit{\acute{e}}$ Intertropicale par $Radiom{\acute{e}}trie$ (SAPHIR) passive microwave water vapor sounder on board the Megha-Tropiques satellite. Quality control procedures were developed to assess the SAPHIR data quality for assimilating clear-sky observations over the ocean, and to characterize observation biases and errors. In the global cycle, additional assimilation of SAPHIR observation shows globally significant benefits for 1.5% reduction of the humidity root-mean-square difference (RMSD) against European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) Integrated Forecast System (IFS) analysis. The positive forecast impacts for the humidity and temperature in the experiment assimilating SAPHIR were predominant at later lead times between 96- and 168-hour. Even though its spatial coverage is confined to lower latitudes of $30^{\circ}S-30^{\circ}N$ and the observable variable is humidity, the assimilation of SAPHIR has a positive impact on the other variables over the mid-latitude domain. Verification showed a 3% reduction of the humidity RMSD with assimilating SAPHIR, and moreover temperature, zonal wind and surface pressure RMSDs were reduced up to 3%, 5% and 7% near the tropical and mid-latitude regions, respectively.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
• /
• v.47 no.2
• /
• pp.278-288
• /
• 2019

In the present investigation, we attempted to design a protocol to develop a hybrid protein with better bioremediation capacity. Using in silico approaches, a Hybrid Open Reading Frame (Hybrid ORF) is developed targeting the genes of microorganisms known for degradation of organophosphates. Out of 21 genes identified through BLAST search, 8 structurally similar genes (opdA, opd, opaA, pte RO, pdeA, parC, mpd and phnE) involved in biodegradation were screened. Gene conservational analysis categorizes these organophosphates degrading 8 genes into 4 super families i.e., Metallo-dependent hydrolases, Lactamase B, MPP and TM_PBP2 superfamily. Hybrid protein structure was modeled using multi-template homology modeling (3S07_A; 99%, 1P9E_A; 98%, 2ZO9_B; 33%, 2DXL_A; 33%) by $Schr{\ddot{o}}dinger$ software suit version 10.4.018. Structural verification of protein models was done using Ramachandran plot, it was showing 96.0% residue in the favored region, which was verified using RAMPAGE. The phosphotriesterase protein was showing the highest structural similarity with hybrid protein having raw score 984. The 5 binding sites of hybrid protein were identified through binding site prediction. The docking study shows that hybrid protein potentially interacts with 10 different organophosphates. The study results indicate that the hybrid protein designed has the capability of degrading a wide range of organophosphate compounds.

• The Pure and Applied Mathematics
• /
• v.11 no.1
• /
• pp.97-102
• /
• 2004

In this paper we establish some recurrence relations satisfied by quotient moments of upper record values from the Pareto distribution. Let ｛$X_n,n\qeq1$｝be a sequence of independent and identically distributed random variables with a common continuous distribution function(cdf) F($chi$) and probability density function(pdf) f($chi$). Let $Y_n\;=\;mas{X_1,X_2,...,X_n}$ for $ngeq1$. We say $X_{j}$ is an upper record value of {$X_{n},n\geq1$}, if $Y_{j}$＞$Y_{j-1}$,j＞1. The indices at which the upper record values occur are given by the record times ${u( n)}n,\geq1$, where u(n) = min{j｜j ＞u(n-l), $X_{j}$＞$X_{u(n-1)}$,n\qeq2$ and u(l) = 1. Suppose $X{\epsilon}PAR(\frac{1}{\beta},\frac{1}{\beta}$ then E$(\frac{{X^\tau}}_{u(m)}}{{X^{s+1}}_{u(n)})\;=\;\frac{1}{s}E$ E$(\frac{{X^\tau}}_{u(m)}{{X^s}_{u(n-1)}})$ - $\frac{(1+\betas)}{s}E(\frac{{X^\tau}_{u(m)}}{{X^s}_{u(n)}}$ and E$(\frac{{X^{\tau+1}}_{u(m)}}{{X^s}_{u(n)}})$ = $\frac{1}{(r+1)\beta}$ [E$(\frac{{X^{\tau+1}}}_u(m)}{{X^s}_{u(n-1)}})$ - E$(\frac{{X^{\tau+1}}_u(m)}}{{X^s}_{u(n-1)}})$ - (r+1)E$(\frac{{X^\tau}_{u(m)}}{{X^s}_{u(n)}})$]

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
• /
• v.26 no.9
• /
• pp.1605-1612
• /
• 2016

Quinolone-resistant Salmonella strains were isolated from patient samples, and several quinolone-sensitive strains were used to analyze mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) of gyrA, gyrB, parC, and parE and to screen for plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance. Among the 21 strains that showed resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin (MIC 0.125-2.0 μg/ml), 17 strains had a mutation in QRDR codon 87 of gyrA, and 3 strains had a single mutation (Ser83 → Phe). Another cause of resistance, efflux pump regulation, was studied by examining the expression of acrB, ramA, marA, and soxS. Five strains, including Sal-KH1 and Sal-KH2, showed no increase in relative expression in an analysis using the qRT-PCR method (p < 0.05). In order to determine the genes involved in the resistance, the Sal-9 isolate that showed decreased susceptibility and did not contain a mutation in the gyrA QRDR was used to make the STM (MIC 8 μg/ml) and STH (MIC 16 μg/ml) ciprofloxacin-resistant mutants. The gyrA QRDR Asp87 → Gly mutation was identified in both the STM and STH mutants by mutation analysis. qRT-PCR analysis of the efflux transporter acrB of the AcrAB-TolC efflux system showed increased expression levels in both the STM (1.79-fold) and STH (2.0-fold) mutants. In addition, the expression of the transcriptional regulator marA was increased in both the STM (6.35-fold) and STH (21.73-fold) mutants. Moreover, the expression of soxS was increased in the STM (3.41-fold) and STH (10.05-fold) mutants (p < 0.05). Therefore, these results indicate that AcrAB-TolC efflux pump activity and the target site mutation in gyrA are involved in quinolone resistance.