• Genomics & Informatics
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.23.1-23.9
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• 2022

A survival prediction model has recently been developed to evaluate the prognosis of resected nonmetastatic pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma based on a Cox model using two nationwide databases: Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) and Korea Tumor Registry System-Biliary Pancreas (KOTUS-BP). In this study, we applied two machine learning methods-random survival forests (RSF) and support vector machines (SVM)-for survival analysis and compared their prediction performance using the SEER and KOTUS-BP datasets. Three schemes were used for model development and evaluation. First, we utilized data from SEER for model development and used data from KOTUS-BP for external evaluation. Second, these two datasets were swapped by taking data from KOTUS-BP for model development and data from SEER for external evaluation. Finally, we mixed these two datasets half and half and utilized the mixed datasets for model development and validation. We used 9,624 patients from SEER and 3,281 patients from KOTUS-BP to construct a prediction model with seven covariates: age, sex, histologic differentiation, adjuvant treatment, resection margin status, and the American Joint Committee on Cancer 8th edition T-stage and N-stage. Comparing the three schemes, the performance of the Cox model, RSF, and SVM was better when using the mixed datasets than when using the unmixed datasets. When using the mixed datasets, the C-index, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year time-dependent areas under the curve for the Cox model were 0.644, 0.698, 0.680, and 0.687, respectively. The Cox model performed slightly better than RSF and SVM.

• Annals of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.407-411
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• 2022

Mesenchymal hamartoma of the liver (MHL) is a rare benign tumor that often presents in early childhood, and it rarely occurs in adulthood. Aberrant development of the portal tract is a known cause of MHL. Although limited information is available on the natural course of MHL, malignant transformation has been reported in a few cases. Here, we report a case of a 26-year-old female with intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma secondary to unresected MHL. The patient underwent resection of the hepatic mass, which was diagnosed as MHL at 2 years of age, due to an increase in mass size and a suspicion of malignant transformation during work-up. Histopathology confirmed intrahepatic adenosquamous carcinoma in the background of MHL, with a T2N0M0 pathological stage (stage II). The surgical margin was free from tumor cells. The patient fully recovered postoperatively and started receiving adjuvant chemotherapy. Previous case reports have only reported about the development of undifferentiated embryonal sarcoma or angiosarcoma as malignant transformation of MHL. Cases of other malignancies have not been published; however, it is difficult to rule out the occurrence of various malignancies related to the portal tract when considering the pathogenesis of the disease. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of adenocarcinoma of bile duct origin secondary to MHL. This case report suggests that aggressive surgical management should be considered after the initial diagnosis of MHL.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.124-127
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• 2013

Among cause of carcinogenesis, heredity is believed to take about 10 percent in ovarian cancer. BRCA1 or BRCA2 account for largest portion of Hereditary Breast and Ovary Cancer (HBOC). Frequency of BRCA1/2 germ line mutations varies according to region and ethnicity from 1.1-39.7 percent. The identification of ovarian cancers with a BRCA mutation is will be more and important due to the possibility to offer a genetic counseling and also due to potential beneficial treatment effects with a poly-ADP-ribose polymerase inhibitor in some individuals. We report the case of a 41 year old woman with a stage Ic mucinous ovarian adenocarcinoma and carrier daughter found on family genetic counseling. We indentified other family members with a history of breast cancer of 1st degree and pancreatic cancer of 2nd degree relative. After a screening with immunohistochemistry, the absence of nuclear expression for BRCA1 and BRCA2 was revealed. The gene sequencing confirmed heterozygous mutations of BRCA2 gene. The daughter of the case subject consented for a test. This test was shown the daughter is positive for BRCA2 mutation. Regular surveillance, chemoprophylaxis with oral contraceptive and prophylactic surgery after childbearing were offered to her.

• Mass Spectrometry Letters
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.69 -78
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• 2024

The advancement of high-throughput omics technologies and systems biology is essential for understanding complex biological mechanisms and diseases. The integration of proteomics and metabolomics provides comprehensive insights into cellular functions and disease pathology, driven by developments in mass spectrometry (MS) technologies, including electrospray ionization (ESI). These advancements are crucial for interpreting biological systems effectively. However, integrating these technologies poses challenges. Compared to genomic, proteomics and metabolomics have limitations in throughput, and data integration. This review examines developments in MS equipped electrospray ionization (ESI), and their importance in the effective interpretation of biological mechanisms. The review also discusses developments in sample preparation, such as Simultaneous Metabolite, Protein, Lipid Extraction (SIMPLEX), analytical techniques, and data analysis, highlighting the application of these technologies in the study of cancer or Huntington's disease, underscoring the potential for personalized medicine and diagnostic accuracy. Efforts by the Clinical Proteomic Tumor Analysis Consortium (CPTAC) and integrative data analysis methods such as O2PLS and OnPLS extract statistical similarities between metabolomic and proteomic data. System modeling techniques that mathematically explain and predict system responses are also covered. This practical application also shows significant improvements in cancer research, diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic targeting for diseases like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, non-small cell lung cancer, and Huntington's disease. These approaches enable researchers to develop standardized protocols, and interoperable software and databases, expanding multi-omics research application in clinical practice.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.193-199
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• 2007

Purpose: Combined resection of an invaded organ in advanced gastric cancer (AGC) with infiltration of adjacent organs is essential to achieve R0 resection. However, when the tumor invades the head of the pancreas or duodenum, R0 resection interferes with the lower resectability and results in a higher morbidity. Wereviewed these cases retrospectively and considered the proper extent of the surgical resection. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively analyzed cases where patients underwent surgery for gastric adenocarcinoma at the Department of Surgery, Presbyterian Medical Center, between January 1998 and December 2003. Among the 45 patients who were suspected to have pancreatic head or duodenum invasion by a primary tumor or metastatic lymph nodes based on the operative findings, we included 22 patients without incurable factors. The patients were classified into three groups: 4 patients that underwent a combined resection (PD group), 12 patients that underwent a palliative subtotal gastrectomy (STG group) and 6 patients that underwent bypass surgery only (GJ group). We analyzed the clinicopathological features, operative data and results. Results: The patients of the PD group achieved R0 resection by PD with D3 Dissection in all Patients. A pancreatic fistula was observed in one patient (morbidity 25%). There was no surgery-associated mortality (mortality 0%). All patients of the PD group were in stage IV. However, the 2-year survival rate (SR) was 75% and the 5-year SR was 50%. Six patients of the STG group underwent surgery with marginal resection and the other six patients of the STG group had a positive distal resection margin. The 2-year SR was 41.7% and the 5-year SR was 16.7%. Most of the patients of group GJ were of old age (mean age: $72.7{\pm}8.6$ years) or had chronic diseases. The 2-year SR was 0%. Conclusion: Combined resection of the pancreas and duodenum in AGC with pancreatic head invasion is relatively safe with moderate morbidity and a lower mortality. One can expect long-term survival if combined resectionis performed in cases without incurable factors.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.398-402
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• 2006

Trousseau's syndrome comsists of migratory thrombophlebitis and thromboembolic disorders of the venous and arterial systems in a malignancy or occult cancer. The overall incidence has been reported to vary from 1 to 11%. Pancreatic, lung, prostate, and stomach cancer is associated with the greatest risk of thromboembolic events. We encountered a 49-year-old man who presented with painful swelling of his lower legs. The chest radiograph showed increased opacity of the Left middle lung fields and Doppler sonography showed a thrombus in the left superficial femoral vein. Chest Computed Tomography showed a 5cm sized left hilar mass invading the pericardium with lymphadenopathy. The bronchoscope biopsy demonstrated an adenocarcinoma of the lung. Platinum based chemotherapy and anticoagulant therapy with warfarin was carried out. The patient was later discharged with an improvement in the painful swelling of his lower legs.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.185-190
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• 2016

Xanthogranulomatous inflammation is a rare benign condition involving various organs. However, its pancreas involvement is very rare. To the best of our knowledge, only 17 cases have been described in the literature. Interestingly, all reported 17 cases due to various causes underwent surgical resection. Here, we present a case of xanthogranulomatous pancreatitis in a 63-year-old man. He presented with epigastric pain and solid mass mimicking ductal adenocarcinoma in the body and tail of pancreas on magnetic resonance imaging. The patient was diagnosed as xanthogranulomatous pancreatitis via endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration. After that, he was followed up and monitored without any surgical treatment. Here, we show imaging findings and serial image changes of xanthogranulomatous pancreatitis for this case.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.197-206
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• 2021

microRNA-361-3p (miR-361-3p) is involved in the carcinogenesis of oral cancer and pancreatic catheter adenocarcinoma, and has anti-carcinogenic effects on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, its effect on multiple myeloma (MM) is less reported. Here, we found that upregulating the expression of miR-361-3p inhibited MM cell viability and promoted MM apoptosis. We measured expressions of tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 6 (TRAF6) and miR-361-3p in MM cells and detected the viability, colony formation rate, and apoptosis of MM cells. In addition, we measured expressions of apoptosis-related genes Bcl-2, Bax, and Cleaved caspase-3 (C caspase-3). The binding site between miR-361-3p and TRAF6 was predicted by TargetScan. Our results showed that miR-361-3p was low expressed in the plasma of MM patients and cell lines, while its overexpression inhibited viability and colony formation of MM cells and increased the cell apoptosis. Furthermore, TRAF6, which was predicted to be a target gene of miR-361-3p, was high-expressed in the plasma of patients and cell lines with MM. Rescue experiments demonstrated that the effect of TRAF6 on MM cells was opposite to that of miR-361-3p. Upregulation of miR-361-3p induced apoptosis and inhibited the proliferation of MM cells through targeting TRAF6, suggesting that miR-361-3p might be a potential target for MM therapy.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.365-377
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• 2022

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a serine-threonine kinase member of the cellular phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway, which is involved in multiple biological functions by transcriptional and translational control. mTOR is a downstream mediator in the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway and plays a critical role in cell survival. In cancer, this pathway can be activated by membrane receptors, including the HER (or ErbB) family of growth factor receptors, the insulin-like growth factor receptor, and the estrogen receptor. In the present work, we congregated an electronic network of mTORC1 built on an assembly of data using natural language processing, consisting of 470 edges (activations/interactions and/or inhibitions) and 206 nodes representing genes/proteins, using the Cytoscape 3.6.0 editor and its plugins for analysis. The experimental design included the extraction of gene expression data related to five distinct types of cancers, namely, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, hepatic cirrhosis, cervical cancer, glioblastoma, and anaplastic thyroid cancer from Gene Expression Omnibus (NCBI GEO) followed by pre-processing and normalization of the data using R & Bioconductor. ExprEssence plugin was used for network condensation to identify differentially expressed genes across the gene expression samples. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis was performed to find out the over-represented GO terms in the network. In addition, pathway enrichment and functional module analysis of the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network were also conducted. Our results indicated NOTCH1, NOTCH3, FLCN, SOD1, SOD2, NF1, and TLR4 as upregulated proteins in different cancer types highlighting their role in cancer progression. The MCODE analysis identified gene clusters for each cancer type with MYC, PCNA, PARP1, IDH1, FGF10, PTEN, and CCND1 as hub genes with high connectivity. MYC for cervical cancer, IDH1 for hepatic cirrhosis, MGMT for glioblastoma and CCND1 for anaplastic thyroid cancer were identified as genes with prognostic importance using survival analysis.

• Journal of Digestive Cancer Research
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.120-124
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• 2017

A-49-year-old male patient with no specific medical history was admitted to the clinic because of persistent epigastric pain radiating to back for 4 months. He had multiple parenchymal tumors in body and tail of pancreas, para-spinal muscle, and mediastinum on abdomen CT image. Cytologic examination of the pancreas which was done by endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) showed adenocarcinoma, whereas histological examination of the para-spinal mass showed undifferentiated sarcoma. Histologic examination of the pancreatic mass was made through endoscopic ultrasound guided fine needle biopsy (EUS-FNB) for accurate diagnosis, and the histologic examination of both the pancreas and posterior mediastinal mass showed the same undifferentiated sarcoma. Therefore, we reviewed the cytopathic tissue obtained from the pancreas for the first time, and it was confirmed to be similar to histologic findings in the mediastinal mass.