• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.31-35
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• 2013

TSOP(Thin Small Outline Package) is the IC package using lead frame, which is the type of low cost package for white electronics, auto mobile, desktop PC, and so on. Its performance is not excellent compared to BGA or flip-chip CSP, but it has been used mostly because of low price of TSOP package. However, it has been issued in TSOP package that thermal deflection of lead frame occurs frequently during molding process and Au wire between semiconductor die and pad is debonded. It has been required to solve this problem through substituting materials with low CTE and improving structure of lead frame. We focused on developing the lead frame structure having thermal stability, which was carried out by numerical analysis in this study. Thermal deflection of lead frame in TSOP package was simulated with positions of anti-deflection adhesives, which was ranging 198 um~366 um from semiconductor die. It was definitely understood that thermal deflection of TSOP package with anti-deflection adhesives was improved as 30.738 um in the case of inside(198 um), which was compared to that of the conventional TSOP package. This result is caused by that the anti-deflection adhesives is contributed to restrict thermal expansion of lead frame. Therefore, it is expected that the anti-deflection adhesives can be applied to lead frame packages and enhance their thermal deflection without any change of substitutive materials with low CTE.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.23-34
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• 2020

This study aims to verify the mediating effect of mobile social participation on the relationship between the mobile device capability and life satisfaction. Using the data of 2018 Digital Divide Survey conducted by the National Information Society Agency(NIA), the mediating effect was verified by Baron & Kenny (1986)'s 3 step process, targeting 1,665 middle and older aged adults. The result is as follows: first, the mobile device capability of the middle and older aged people has a positive effect on life satisfaction. Second, the effect of the mobile device capability of middle and older aged people on life satisfaction is partially mediated by mobile social participation including expressing opinions on social concerns, proposing policies and filing a civil complaint, donation and volunteering work and online voting and responding to a poll. The result represents that the mobile device, such as a smart phone or a smart pad, capability of the middle and older aged group not only directly benefits the group but also helps expand their mobile social participation, which leads to, although indirectly, higher life satisfaction. Therefore, the study is expected to be a groundwork for a practical intervention for enlarging the use of mobile device and lifting digital information level of the elderly to encourage mobile social participation and drive life satisfaction.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.141-153
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• 2007

Objectives: The purpose of this report is to examine the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LIl ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture for cerebral apoplexy treatment. Methods : I designed to investigate whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture affects cerebral hemodynamics [regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), mean arterial blood pressure(MABP)] in normal rats, and to make manifest whether $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture is mediated by cyclooxygenase or guanylate cyclase. The changes of rCBF and MABP were determinated by laser-doppler flowmetry(LDF). Results : 1. $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and LI1 ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased rCBF significantly, but decreased MABP. These results suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture increased significantly rCBF by dilating pial arterial diameter(PAD). 2. By pretreatment with indomethacin(1 mg/kg, i.p.), the effect of $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture induced increase of rCBF was significantly inhibited, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was increased. 3. By pretreatment with methylene blue($10{\mu}/kg$, i.p.), the increased rCBF by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased conversely, the decreased MABP by treatment with $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{43}$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture was decreased. and then increased. Conclusion : I suggest that $BL_{66}$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_43$ supplement and $LI_1$ ${\cdot}$ $GB_{44}$ draining in acupuncture has an anti-ischemic effect through the improvement of cerebral hemodynamics.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.527-537
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• 2007

To evaluate criteria, indications, and prognosis of the various reconstructive methods on the patients with intraoral soft tissue defect who had been treated at Dept. of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital from 2003 to 2005, we have reviewed the clinical data of the patients and analysed. The results were as follows: 1. Tongue flaps have been mainly applied on anterior portion of palate and maxilla. The survival rate was high percent, but the cooperation of patient was inevitable for the success. 2. Palatal mucosa rotational flaps were available on relative large defect on palate, oroantral fistula site. The side effect was a scaring band from secondary healing on denuded donor palate site. Sometimes the band came to be a hinderance to swallowing, phonation. 3. Forearm free flap was a workhorse flap for everywhere in intraoral defects. We had used the flap on cheek, floor of mouth, tongue without any significant complications. But the application of the flap was required for long operation time, which was disadvantageous to the old, weak patients. 4. Cervical platysmal flap could be easily applicable for buccal cheek, floor of mouth after excision of the cancer lesion. The design of the flap could be made simultaneously on neck dissection, but the danger of cancer remnants on the flap always might be remained. 5. Buccal fat pad pedicled flap must have been a primary flap for repair of oroantral fistula especially on posterior maxilla. The flap survival will be expected if the considerations for above reconstructive methods on site, size, condition of defects primarily could be made.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 2002

The ultimate goal of periodontal therapy is directed to arresting the progression of the disease, and regenerating the fibrous attachment. In order to achieve such treatment aim, the plaque and calculus must be eliminated and the physiological conditions of the root surface must be changed to facilitate the attachment and migration of the new fibroblasts, The method of changing the proper root surface conditions to promote the healing of periodontal tissue involves mechanical procedures, such as scaling and root planing, and chemical procedures such as tetracycline-HCl. However, the formation of a long junctional epithelium was most frequently observed type of healing. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine in vitro the influence of surface conditioning of dentin by TC-HCl on human gingival epithelial cell attachment. Human gingival epithelial cells were obtained from healthy retromolar pad area(under the age 23 years). Seventy two teeth extracted from severe periodontitis were used as study material. To evaluate the epithelial cell attachment to dentin, the prepared specimen was divided to four groups. For the control group, only scaling and root planing were carried out, and for the test group, 1 to 3, the concentration of the TC-HCl was 50, 125 and 250mg/ml respectively. After cell cultivation time of 1-, 3-. 24 hour, for the indirect quantitative assessment of gingival epithelial cell attached to dentin sample, the absorbance of epithelial cell unattached to dentin was measured. The results were as follows; 1. There was no statistically significant difference between scaling and root planing group and TC-HCl 50mg/ml 125mg/ml and 250mg/ml group about absorbance of unattached epithelial cell to dentin sample(p>0.5). 2. As time passes, the absorbance of unattached gingival epithelial cell to dentin sample was decreased statistically significant(p<0.05). 3. There was no statistically significant difference among the TC-HCl group(p>0.05) We concluded that there was similar effect on gingival epithelial cell attachment between TC-HCl conditioning on root surface and only scaling and root planing treatment

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.323-328
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• 2001

Anterior open bite is one in which the teeth in the anterior portion of the maxilla and mandible are vertically apart and lack the overlapping necessary for the incisive function when the mandible is in closed position. Anterior open bite is a result of the interaction of many different etiologic factors including thumb and finger sucking, lip and tongue habits, airway obstruction, skeletal growth abnormalities and its tendency may appear with any type of skeletal patterns, such as Class I, II or III malocclusion types. Though the treatment methods for anterior open bite are various, the conventional FR-4, designed by Rolf Fr$\"{a}$nkel, is known to be effective in treating open bite cases with Class I or II skeletal patterns. It is due to that an incidence of skeletal Class II is high in the Occidentals, and open bite is accompanied by these malocclusion type in many cases. However, an incidence of skeletal Class III is high in the Orientals, and open bite is sometimes accompanied by skeletal Class III in many cases. Although the use of the conventional FR-4 was effective in the treatment of open bite, skeletal Class III would be worsened. So, a modified FR-4(placing the labial bow in the lower, the labial pads in the upper) was designed for the treatment of patients showing skeletal Class III and open bite.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 2008.06a
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• pp.546-546
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• 2008

Copper (Cu) Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) has been an essential process for Cu wifing of DRAM and NAND flash memory beyond 45nm. Copper has been employed as ideal material for interconnect and metal line due to the low resistivity and high resistant to electro-migration. Damascene process is currently used in conjunction with CMP in the fabrication of multi-level copper interconnects for advanced logic and memory devices. Cu CMP involves removal of material by the combination of chemical and mechanical action. Chemicals in slurry aid in material removal by modifying the surface film while abrasion between the particles, pad, and the modified film facilitates mechanical removal. In our research, we emphasized on the role of chemical effect of slurry on Cu CMP, especially on the effect of amine functional group on removal rate selectivity between Cu and Tantalum-nitride (TaN) film. We investigated the two different kinds of complexing agent both with amine functional group. On the one hand, Polyacrylamide as a polymer affected the stability of abrasive, viscosity of slurry and the corrosion current of copper film especially at high concentration. At higher concentration, the aggregation of abrasive particles was suppressed by the steric effect of PAM, thus showed higher fraction of small particle distribution. It also showed a fluctuation behavior of the viscosity of slurry at high shear rate due to transformation of polymer chain. Also, because of forming thick passivation layer on the surface of Cu film, the diffusion of oxidant to the Cu surface was inhibited; therefore, the corrosion current with 0.7wt% PAM was smaller than that without PAM. the polishing rate of Cu film slightly increased up to 0.3wt%, then decreased with increasing of PAM concentration. On the contrary, the polishing rate of TaN film was strongly suppressed and saturated with increasing of PAM concentration at 0.3wt%. We also studied the electrostatic interaction between abrasive particle and Cu/TaN film with different PAM concentration. On the other hand, amino-methyl-propanol (AMP) as a single molecule does not affect the stability, rheological and corrosion behavior of the slurry as the polymer PAM. The polishing behavior of TaN film and selectivity with AMP appeared the similar trend to the slurry with PAM. The polishing behavior of Cu film with AMP, however, was quite different with that of PAM. We assume this difference was originated from different compactness of surface passivation layer on the Cu film under the same concentration due to the different molecular weight of PAM and AMP.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.307-313
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• 2010

In this study, alternative designs for the bends used in district heating pipes are investigated. The district heating pipes, which are subjected to temperatures of 10 to $120^{\circ}C$ and a water pressure of $16\;kgf/cm^2$, have to withstand thermomechanical cyclic loads when in use. These pipes comprise three concentric tubes: a steel pipe (internal), polyurethane (PUR) insulator (middle), and a high-density polyethylene (HDPE) case (external). In addition, the bends in the district heating pipe system are covered with foam pads that cause aging. In this study, an alternative bend design that does not involve the use of a foam pad is proposed to overcome the aging problem in the bends. In the proposed design, "shear rings" are added to the surface of a bend, and its dimensions are determined by a combination of the statistical (Taguchi) method and FEM. The geometrical parameters such as thickness, height, and number of the rings significantly affect the design optimization, and hence, they affect the results of the FEM.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.677-684
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• 2020

Our country is already in the aging corner and fall down is the elderly personal, social and economic problems are causing. therefore, executed this study for inquiring into an athletic effect for the balance ability increase that was a main variable of an fall down. The purpose of this study, to find the effect of balance training using visual feedback and somatosensory. Experimental group divided the three groups, objects measured balance ability of each experimental groups before experiment, the balance exercise group used visual feedback by Nintendo Wii(company - model), the balance exercise group used visual and TOGU, the balance exercise group used blind and TOGU. 4 experimental of each groups measured MFT and EMG value after training. having rest time, 4 experimental of each groups measured MFT and EMG value after training used balance pad. MFT - visual feedback with somatosensory training is most efficient but, indifferent both balance training with visual feedback and balance training with somatosensory. EMG - training with somatosensory is more efficient than training with visual feedback. Conclusion : in the process of improving equilibrium ability of patient who is lack of balance ability, somatosensory training is effective to correct different of left, right and frequency of left, right. visual feedback is the most effective way to improve dynamic balance sensory, so parallel of these two practice is thought to be the most effective.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.13-19
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• 2000

The external morphology of male and female of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) was studied using the scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Three types of sensilla were identified on the funicle of antennae. The trichoid sensilla were most conspicious and distributed with a characteristic sharp structure at the apical end. Basiconic sensilla were showed distal curvature about $13{\mu}m$ long and $1.2{\mu}m$ to $1.4{\mu}m$ in diameter. Grooved sensilla were showed a finger-like projections at the peg apex. The function of these sensilla likely to be olfactory. The mouthparts were adapted for sucking food, and formed a elongate rostrum which was incorporated with labrum. The labrum was a small and flap-like shape. The slender and paired maxillary palp seemed to combine with each other lengthwise to long tube. The tarsus typically consisted of 5 segments, which might be variously modified, principally by thickening or flattening. The segment beared a pair of claws. Beneath the claws, there was a pair of pad-like pulvillia and a bristle-like median empodium. L. trifolii might secreted on the pulvillus and empodium an adhesive substance that enable them to cling to smooth surfaces. Male terminalia was complicated. The name 'aedeagus' seemed the best available general term for the copulatory organ, otherwise, female terminalia was usually relatively simple. This structure was reduced and formed a telescopic, eversible, and tubular ovipositor.