• The Korean Journal of Mycology
• /
• v.31 no.3
• /
• pp.141-147
• /
• 2003

The pileus of Pleurotus cystidiosus was attached at the side and was spatular-shape. It grew to the size of $7.6{\sim}9.8\;cm$ with dark brown color. The length of stem was $1.4{\sim}2.9\;cm$. The individual weight of fruiting-body was 25.4 g in average. This study was conducted to Investigate the physiological characteristics and to develop the artificial cultivation technique of P. cystidiosus. To find out the optimum condition of mycelial growth of P. cystidiosus, physiological conditions such as media, temperature, pH carbon sources and nitrogen sources were investigated. Various cultural media were used for the cultivation of P. cystidiosus and compost dextrose agar was favorable for mycelial growth. The optimal growing temperature and pH were in range of 25 to $30^{\circ}C$, pH $7{\sim}9$, respectively. When different carbon sources were compared, glucose was found to be best. However nitrogen sources were different with each strains. When different C/N ratio were compared, 20:1 of C/N ratio was found to be best.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.31 no.6
• /
• pp.1642-1647
• /
• 1999

Twenty healthy adult volunteers (divided into two groups) were given with 100 mL of acidophilus milk, twice a day, containing $1{\times}10^8\;cfu/mL$ of Lactobacillus acidophilus SNUL 01 or SNUL 02 originated from healthy Korean adults. The floral changes of lactobacilli, Escherichia coli, and Clostridium perfringens surviving in the feces as well as the pH of the fecal material have been studied for three weeks. Initial pH of the fecal samples before taking acidophilus milk were about pH 7 and it has been decreased to about pH 5 when the acidophilus milk was given. Population of fecal lactobacilli increased from about $10^7\;cfu/g\;to\;10^8\;cfu/g$ of fecal material after 4 days of acidophilus milk intake and the high population of lactobacilli was maintained up to 21 days. Viable cells of the fecal E. coli and C. perfringens have been decreased from about $10^7{\sim}10^8\;cfu/g\;and\;10^5{\sim}10^6\;cfu/g\;to\;10^6\;cfu/g\;and\;10^3\;cfu/g$ of fecal material after 21 days, respectively. In conclusion, continuous intake of acidophilus milk made with L. acidophilus SNUL 01 and SNUL 02 helped maintaining normal intestinal microflora, suppress harmful microorganisms.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.1
• /
• pp.506-512
• /
• 2017

The purpose of this study was to improve release rate and bioavailability of nateglinide formulation. Polymorphism selection and particle size control were performed to enhance formulation dissolution rate, and a pH modifier was included in the formulation to overcome pH-dependent solubility of nateglinide. The enhanced dissolution rate was characterized by using a dissolution test. The results showed that H-type raw material had a higher dissolution rate than that of B-type raw material. There was 6.2% difference in dissolution between the two materials at 60 min. With regard to particle size, raw material with a $1.13{\mu}m$ particle size showed a 20% faster release rate than that of raw material with a $2.28{\mu}m$ particle size. Furthermore, fumaric acid was included in formulation as a pH modifier. That addition produced a greater than 50% improvement in dissolution rate. In conclusion, dissolution rate of nateglinide can be enhanced by optimizing its polymorphism and particle size; moreover, a synergistic effect on the enhancement of dissolution rate is obtained by including fumaric acid, a pH modifier, in the formulation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.46 no.5
• /
• pp.783-798
• /
• 2004

This experiment were conducted to determine the formation of fatty acid soaps, digestibility and ruminal characteristics when vegetable oils were added. Three Corriedale${\times}$ 3 Latin square design. Sheep were fed one of three diets consisting of alfalfa hay and concentrates in a ratio of 70:30. Dietary treatments were 1) no oil, 2) 7% soybean oil and 3) 7% corn oil. At the end of each experimental period, rumen contents from each sheep were collected before feeding and at 1, 3, 6 and 9h after feeding. pH decreased up to the 3 hour after feeding and increased until the end of the collection(p<0.0001). Whereas the concentration of $NH_3$-N showed inverse changes to pH(p<0.0001). Type of oil did not affect the molar concentration of total VFA, acetate, propionate and butyrate. Acetic/propionic acid (A/P) ratio decreased with increasing time(P<0.0001), but the ratio at the end of the experiment became similar to the initial value. No effects were found in the digestibility of dry matter, total-N, crude fiber, ash, NFE, NDF and ADF. The formation of fatty acid soaps(FAS) increased after feeding than 1 hour before feeding(P<0.05) and increased in 7% oils than no oil addition(P<0.05). Long chain fatty acids formed mainly FAS. ince the formation of FAS might decrease negative effects on ruminal haracteristics and total tract digestibility.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• v.35 no.2
• /
• pp.196-203
• /
• 2011

Experiments to determine heat transfer coefficients and friction factors are conducted on a stationary transverse parallel wire-screen rib roughened rectangular channel. The test section consists of 198 mm (W) x 40 mm (H) x 712 mm (L). The channel has the aspect ratio of 4.95 and hydraulic diameter of $D_h$=6.66 cm. Four wire screen ribs and a solid rib are used. 0.1 mm-thick-stainless steel foil heaters and thermocouples (T type) are used to measure the heat transfer coefficients. Reynolds numbers studied range from 20,000 to 60,000. The wire-screen rib height (e) to hydraulic diameter ($D_h$) ratio ($e/D_h$) is 0.075; spacing (p) to height ratio (p/e) is 10. Results indicate that the solid rib produces the greatest Nusselt number and friction factor.

• KSBB Journal
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.178-186
• /
• 2004

The aim of this study was to investigate the skin-whitening effect of okyong-san and to develop new drug delivery carrier The extracts of okyong-san were found to have the whitening effect and Eudragit$\^$ⓡ/ L 100-55 (EUD) coated solid lipid nanoparticle (E-SLN) was prepared by solvent evaporation method and melt dispersion technique. As a result, E-SLN have a 144-170 nm of particle size, spherical shape, and 33-41% encapsulation efficiency, After release test in vitro, release profile of E-SLN depended on pH and temperature. Lastly, closed patch test and skin-whitening test was peformed clinically. In conclusion, test sample had non-stimulation and high % whiteness. The results suggest that okyong-san and E-SLN is useful as cosmeceuticals for whitening cosmetics.

• Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.683-693
• /
• 2014

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of the organic liquid fertilizer and find out optimum fermentation conditions of Effective Microorganisms (EM) including ascidian tunic. During the EM fermentation by adding ascidian tunic, electrical conductivity (EC) was increased, contrast to decrease the pH value, on related to the initial dosage molasses rate. Additionally, the total nitrogen quantity was shown to be increased on EM fermentation and the most effective increasing was recorded up to 220% on more than 15% molasses dosage condition. The phosphorus quantity was to be maximum rate on 21th of EM fermentation, and other contents, such to potassium, calcium, magnesium, sodium, had be shown an increasing patten during the fermentation period. After the EM fermentation, the concentration of hazardous material (Zn, As, Cd, Cu, Cr, Hg, Ni, pb) was measured below than the official criteria for commercial fertilizer. As a effective material in fermentated fertilizer, the 29 kinds free amino acids were detected and their total concentration was measured to 7080.94 mg/L.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.51 no.1
• /
• pp.39-44
• /
• 2009

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of an enriched diet supplemented with aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products (FEP) on In vitro fermentation and growth performance of Hanwoo Steers. Total mixed ration combined with fibrolytic enzyme products showed a slight increase in the pH level on In vitro fermentation. Acetate ratio in volatile fatty acids, and the concentration of total volatile fatty acids were significantly greater at 12hr and 24hr after cultivation (p<0.05). Dry matter digestibility was significantly increased in groups supplied with aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products at 24hr after cultivation (p<0.05). In a rearing trial, the average daily gain and feed efficiency improved in the treatment groups supplied with aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products. Nutrient digestibility such as DM, crude fiber, NDF, and ADF digestibility were also significantly increased with the addition of aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products (p<0.05). Therefore, the aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products supplementation on In vitro fermentation is effective in improving the condition of rumainal fermantation. Also two kinds of aqueous fibrolytic enzyme products were found to be effective in improving the average daily gain and feed efficiency in Hanwoo Steers.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.433-436
• /
• 1993

To evaluate the quality of Kochujang with starch syrup (SS), mixture of wheat flour (WF) and SS were used as a source of starch. Moisture content was no great difference between samples and was slowly increased during aging. pH of Kochujang was slowly decreased and that of C group (using mixture of WF 50% and SS 50%) was the lowest in 50days. Titrable acidity was increased at initial stage, but mostly decreased about 40~50 days. The content of reducing sugar was increased till 25days. The content of amino nitrogen was increased till 60 days and sample with more WF was showed high value.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.258-264
• /
• 1984

Pot and field experiments were conducted to find out the effects of lime application on growth and Cd uptake of paddy rice in Cd added and contaminated soils. Lime application to soil-applied Cd could reduce Cd content in brown rice as well as increasing rice yields compared to that of no lime. The optimum requirement of lime to maintain Cd content in brown rice below 0.4 ppm (precaution concentration) were 56,381 and 512kg/10a at 3, 6 and 12 ppm of Cd in soil by pot experiment and 142.7 and 623.9kg/10a at 1.5 and 5.4 ppm of Cd in soil by field trial, respectively. The recommendable soil pH before transplanting to keep the Cd content in brown rice below 0.4 ppm were 5.2, 7.2 and 7.5 at 3, 6 and 12 ppm of Cd in soil, respectively.