• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
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• 2003.03a
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• pp.82-82
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• 2003

p-CdI $n_2$T $e_4$ 단결정을 Bridgeman법으로 3단 수직 전기로에서 성장하였다. 성장된 결정의 결정성은 X선 회절과 광발광 측정으로 조사하였다 막 성장된(as-grown) 결정과 여러 열처리 CdI $n_2$T $e_4$ 결정들의 광발광 스펙트럼 측정으로부터 CdI $n_2$T $e_4$:Cd 광발광에서는 중성 주개 bound 엑시톤 ( $D^{\circ}$,X)가 우세함을 발견하였고 반면에 CdI $n_2$T $e_4$:Cd 광발광에서는 중성 받개 bound 엑시톤 ( $A^{\circ}$,X)가 완전히 사라졌다. 더우기, CdI $n_2$T $e_4$:Te의 광발광 스펙트럼에서 중성 받개 bound 엑시톤 ( $A^{\circ}$,X) 발광은 막 성장된 CdI $n_2$T $e_4$결정에서처럼 우세하였다. 이러한 결과들은 ( $D^{\circ}$,X)가 주개로써 작용하는 $V_{Te}$ ,와 관련이 있고, ( $A^{\circ}$,X)는 받개로 작용하는 $V_{cd}$와 관련이 있음을 가리킨다. p-CdI $n_2$T $e_4$ 결정은 Cd 증기 분위기에서 열처리한 후에는 n형으로 type conversion이 된다는 것을 알았다. 중성 주개-받개 bound 엑시톤 ( $D^{\circ}$, $A^{\circ}$)과 이들의 TO 포논 복제의 발광은 $V_{Te}$ 나 C $d_{int}$와 같은 주개들과 $V_{cd}$ 또는 T $e_{int}$와 같은 받개들 사이의 상호 작용과 관련이 있다. 또한, CdI $n_2$T $e_4$에서 In은 안정된 결합의 형태로 있기 때문에 자연 결함의 형성에는 관련이 없음을 알았다 알았다았다았다

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.218-226
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• 1995

Ion exchange equilibria in bulk and rhizosphere soil collected from peach seedlings were studied to find exchange equations that could be used in chromatographic models dealing with movement and distribution of fertilizer ammonium and exchangeable cations in soil profiles. Soil samples were equilibrated with mixtures of $NH_4Cl$, KCI, and $CaCl_2$ solutions and then extracted with $Sr(NO_3)_2$ solution to determine exchangeable cation compositions at equilibrium. Exchange data were fitted to Vanselow's, Gapon's, and Kerr's equations, but those formulations did not adequately describe the equilibria. An empirical equation of the form : ${\frac{\alpha_i^m}{a_j^n}}=K{\frac{(iX)^{mPi}}{(jX)^{nPj}}}$ which has an exponent on each of the exchangeable cation concentrations could describe the equilibria very well over the range of treatments. In this equation ${\alpha}^i$ and ${\alpha}^j$ are activities of cation i and j with valences m and n respectively. (iX) and (jX) are concentrations of exchangeable cations. Mole or equivalent fractions can be considered as the exchangeable ion concentration unit. Arbitrary constants $P_i$ and $P_j$, and distribution coefficient K can be found with multiple regression for the logarithmic form of the equation.

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.891-908
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• 1996

Let (X,d) be a metric space and let T be a mapping from X into itself. We say that a metric space (X,d) is T-orbitally complete if every Cauchy sequence of the form ${T^{n_i}x}_{i \in N}$ for $x \in X$ converges to a point in X.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.6-10
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• 2007

The ethanolic (50% v/v) extracts of Carissa carandas (fruits) (Apocynaceae) and Microstylis wallichii (tubers) (Orchidaceae) were examined for anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities in experimental animals. Carissa carandas and Microstylis wallichii (50-200 mg/kg) caused a dose dependent inhibition of swelling caused by carrageenin significantly in cotton pellet induced granuloma in rats (P < 0.05 to P < 0.001). There was a significant increase in the analgesy meter induced pain in rats. The extracts of Carissa carandas and Microstylis wallichii resulted in an inhibition of stretching episodes and percentage protection was 16.05-17.58%respectively in acetic acid induced writhing.

• International Journal of Industrial Entomology and Biomaterials
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.87-93
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• 2006

Multiplication and spore production of three microsporidia viz., Nosema bombycis, Nosema sp. 1 and Nosema sp. 2 in fifth instar larval tissues of silkworm, Bombyx mori L. in two seasons with distinct temperature regimes were studied. Nosema sp. 2 produced significantly (P < 0.01) higher number of spores in various tissues. Among the tissues, spore production was highest in silk gland, followed by fat body and gut. Spore production was significantly (P < 0.01) higher in season-II (Average temperature $29.4{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$). Maximum spore production was observed 25 days post inoculation (p. i.) in season-I (Average temperature $18.9{\pm}1.1^{\circ}C$), whereas in season-II, it was 14 days p. i. In season-I, spore production was low up to 21 days p. i., then increased sharply. In season-II, there was a steady increase in spore production. The results indicate that the microsporidian multiplication is tissue specific and extremely sensitive to temperature at which the host is reared. It also reveals that, silk gland, fat body and gut are the most appropriate tissues for microscopic identification of microsporidia in the larval stage.

• Journal of the Korean Statistical Society
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.367-378
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• 1994

Let P and Q be probability measures of a measurable space $(\Omega, F)$, and ${F_n}_{n \geq 1}$ be a sequence of increasing sub $\sigma$-fields which generates F. For each $n \geq 1$, let $P_n$ and $Q_n$ be the restrictions of P and Q to $F_n$, respectively. Under the assumption that $Q_n \ll P_n$ for every $n \geq 1$, a zero-one condition is derived for P and Q to have the dichotomy, i.e., either $Q \ll P$ or $Q \perp P$. Then using this condition and the Kolmogorov's zero-one law, we give new and simple proofs of the dichotomy theorems for a pair of Gaussian measures and Poisson processes with examples.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.435-441
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• 2005

Classical transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) are thought to be candidates for the nonselective cation channels (NSCCs) involved in pacemaker activity and its neuromodulation in murine stomach smooth muscle. We aimed to determine the role of TRPC4 in the formation of NSCCs and in the generation of slow waves. At a holding potential of -60 mV, $50{\mu}M$ carbachol (CCh) induced $I_{NSCC}$ of amplitude [$500.8{\pm}161.8pA$ (n = 8)] at -60 mV in mouse gastric smooth muscle cells. We investigated the effects of commercially available antibodies to TRPC4 on recombinant TRPC4 expressed in HEK cells and CCh-induced NSCCs in gastric smooth muscle cells. TRPC4 currents in HEK cells were reduced from $1525.6{\pm}414.4pA$ (n = 8) to $146.4{\pm}83.3pA$ (n = 10) by anti-TRPC4 antibody and $I_{NSCC}$ amplitudes were reduced from $230.9{\pm}36.3pA$ (n = 15) to $49.8{\pm}11.8pA$ (n = 9). Furthermore, $I_{NSCC}$ in the gastric smooth muscle cells of TRPC4 knockout mice was only $34.4{\pm}10.4pA$ (n = 8) at -60 mV. However, slow waves were still present in the knockout mice. Our data suggest that TRPC4 is an essential component of the NSCC activated by muscarinic stimulation in the murine stomach.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.30 no.8
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• pp.1729-1732
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• 2009

Bioactivity-guided fractionation led to the isolation of two new phenylpropanoids, 3-O-p-coumaroyl-1-(4-hydroxy- 3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (1) and 3-O-p-coumaroyl-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-O-$\beta$-gulcopyranosylpropanol (2), together with three known compounds, N-p-coumaroylserotonin (3), N-feruloylserotonin (4) and p-coumaric acid (5) from the leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D-NMR. Compared to arbutin (I$C_{50}$ 0.048 mM) as a control, compounds 3 and 4 exhibited stronger tyrosinase inhibition activities with an I$C_{50}$ values of 0.027 mM and 0.026 mM, respectively. Compounds 1 (I$C_{50}$ 0.055 mM) and 2 (I$C_{50}$ 0.053 mM) also showed strong activities.

• JSTS:Journal of Semiconductor Technology and Science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.847-853
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• 2016

Applications of Si have been increasingly exploited and extended to More-Moore, More-than-Moore, and beyond-CMOS approaches. Ge is regarded as one of the supplements for Si owing to its higher carrier mobilities and peculiar band structure, facilitating both advanced and optical applications. As an emerging metal-oxide device, the junctionless field-effect transistor (JLFET) has drawn considerable attention because of its simple process, less performance fluctuation, and stronger immunity against short-channel effects due to the absence of anisotype junctions. In this study, we investigated lateral field scalability, which is equivalent to channel-length scaling, in Si and Ge JLFETs. Through this, we can determine the usability of Si CMOS and hypothesize its replacement by Ge. For simulations with high accuracy, we performed rigorous modeling for ${\mu}_n$ and ${\mu}_p$ of Ge, which has seldom been reported. Although Ge has much higher ${\mu}_n$ and ${\mu}_p$ than Si, its saturation velocity ($v_{sat}$) is a more determining factor for maximum $I_{on}$. Thus, there is still room for pushing More-Moore technology because Si and Ge have a slight difference in $v_{sat}$. We compared both p- and n-type JLFETs in terms of $I_{on}$, $I_{off}$, $I_{on}/I_{off}$, and swing with the same channel doping and channel length/thickness. $I_{on}/I_{off}$ is inherently low for Ge but is invariant with $V_{DS}$. It is estimated that More-Moore approach can be further driven if Si is mounted on a JLFET until Ge has a strong possibility to replace Si for both p- and n-type devices for ultra-low-power applications.

• Kyungpook Mathematical Journal
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• v.48 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2008

Let A(p) be the class of functions $f\;:\;z^p\;+\;\sum\limits_{j=1}^{\infty}a_jz^{p+j}$ analytic in the open unit disc E. Let, for any integer n > -p, $f_{n+p-1}(z)\;=\;z^p+\sum\limits_{j=1}^{\infty}(p+j)^{n+p-1}z^{p+j}$. We define $f_{n+p-1}^{(-1)}(z)$ by using convolution * as $f_{n+p-1}\;*\;f_{n+p-1}^{-1}=\frac{z^p}{(1-z)^{n+p}$. A function p, analytic in E with p(0) = 1, is in the class $P_k(\rho)$ if ${\int}_0^{2\pi}\|\frac{Re\;p(z)-\rho}{p-\rho}\|\;d\theta\;\leq\;k{\pi}$, where $z=re^{i\theta}$, $k\;\geq\;2$ and $0\;{\leq}\;\rho\;{\leq}\;p$. We use the class $P_k(\rho)$ to introduce a new class of multivalent analytic functions and define an integral operator $L_{n+p-1}(f)\;\;=\;f_{n+p-1}^{-1}\;*\;f$ for f(z) belonging to this class. We derive some interesting properties of this generalized integral operator which include inclusion results and radius problems.