• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.64-70
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• 2001

The extraction procedure and HPLC condition were modified to analyze the residues of oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol in pork, simultaneously. The antibacterial agents in pork were extracted with 0.02M EDTA-Mcilivine buffer:ethanol:acetonitrile (5:3:2). After the removal of fat with n-hexane, the extracts were evaporated and purified with Sep-pak $C_{18}$ cartridge column using 0.01M oxalic acid 0.1% (v/v) triethylamine (TEA) in acetonitrile. The peak of antibacterial agents was detected with $\mu$ Bondapak C18 column, UV detector (280nm) and 0.01M oxalic acid: methanol: acetonitrile (7.5:2.0:0.5). Detection limits for three antibacterial standards were 0.03 ppm. Calibration curves were linear between 0.03 and 2.0 ppm (R$^2$>0.999). When spiked the level of 1.0 ppm of oxytetracycline, sulfamethoxazole and chloramphenicol into meats, the recoveries from meats were 77.3%, 79.7% and 59.3%, respectively. These results showed that the modified extraction method provided good analytical resolution and the recoveries of the above antibacterial agents in meats.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.13 no.1 s.21
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• pp.1-6
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• 1977

The physicochemical equivalencies of drugs are not usually correlate to the generic equivalencies of drugs and the generic equivalencies of drugs produced by different manufacturers or different formulations are being called in question frequently. The bioabailability of two formulations of oxytetracycline and erythromycin stearate were performed in healthy human volunteers. At the same time, the disintegration testes were performed with randomly sampled materials in question. For the biological evaluation of new oxytetracycline formulation; tablet(250mg), two-way cross over study in 10 healthy young volunteers was performed using oxytetracycline capsule (250mg) as reference, Erythromycin stearate (250mg) tablets and capsules produced by different manufacturers were compared in a two-way cross over study in 12 subjects with same manner of oxytetracyclines. oxytetracycline tablets showed somewhat slow disintegration rate, but appeared not statistical differences in serum concentrations from the reference, up to six hours after ingestion. Erythromycin stearate capsules disintegrated more rapidly than enteric coated tablets. Serum concentrations of capsules were more variable and markedly lower (P<.005 after 2hrs) than the enteric coated tablets. Rapid disintegration of capsules may result in destruction of active chemicals owing to the interaction with gastric acid and the above factor may contribute mainly to the low serum level after ingestion of capsules.

• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.119-124
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• 2015

Bacterial leaf spot, caused by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syrinage, is a very damaging disease to green pumpkin in Gong-ju and Non-san nursery. However, there is no good method to control the disease in Korea. Growth inhibition of pathogen on medium, control efficacy on seedling stage, and seed treatment effect of 6 anti-bacterial pesticides were investigated for selection of the best pesticide for seed treatment and control of the disease. Growth inhibition zone on King's B medium were the largest by oxytetracycline 170 ppm and oxytetracycline 15 ppm + streptomycin sulfate 188 ppm, oxolinic acid 200 ppm, streptomycin 200 ppm were next respectively. Control efficacy of oxytetracycline 1.5% + streptomycin sulfate 18.8% WP and oxytetracycline 17% WP on seedling stage were 71.4% and 49.4%, respectively. Seed treatment of oxytetracycline 15 ppm + streptomycin sulfate 188 ppm on the artificially inoculated seeds inhibits pathogen growth completely from the treated seeds and 96% control efficacy on grow-out test of the treated seeds. Seed treatment of streptomycin 100 ppm (2,000 dilution of streptomycin 20%) on the artificially inoculated seeds allow 280 cfu/g of pathogen growth from the treated seeds and 60% control efficacy on grow-out test of the treated seeds. Seed treatment of oxytetracycline 85 ppm (2000 dilution of oxytetracycline 17% WP) on the artificially inoculated seeds allow 80 cfu/g of pathogen growth from the treated seeds and 90% control efficacy on grow-out test of the treated seeds. These results suggested that oxytetracycline 1.5% + streptomycin sulfate 18.8% WP was the best pesticide for seed treatment to control of the bacterial spot disease by Pseudomonas syringae pv. syringae.

• The Korean Journal of Pharmacology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.109-113
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• 1989

Human neutrophil elastase (HNE, EC 3, 4 21, 11), a major causative factor in the induction of pulmonary emphysema, were purified by two steps of liquid chromatography. Purified elastases were cross-reacted with antibody to human neutrophil elastases. Methicillin and cefamandole, which are known as inhibitors of cell wall synthesis of microorganisms, could inhibit the activity of human neutrophil elastase up to 50% with 10mM of both agents and $IC_{50}$ of methicillin was 9.8 mM. Gentamicin, one of the aminoglycosides, also inhibits human neutrophil elastases up to 60% of original activity with 10 mM of this agent and $IC_{50}$ was 9.0 mM. We could demonstrate similar effects in oxytetracycline. 10 mM of oxytetracycline inhibited 95% of human neutrophil elastase and $IC_{50}$ was 0.3 mM. Overall, oxytetracycline, cefamandole and methicillin are strong inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase, and they could be a drug of cholice for the diseases which were known as pathogenesis related to elastase. We also suggest that the mechanism of action of these antibitics are different from the mechanism of antimicrobial effects like inhibition of both cell wall synthesis and protein synthesis.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.45-51
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• 2000

Bacterial diseases with mixed infection have recently occurred at land-based flounder farms in Korea. Thus, single antibacterial is not effective for therapy of mixed bacterial diseases of fish because of their different causative bacteria. The purpose of the present study was to obtain basic data for positive usefulness of a combination of antibacterials used for synergism to mixed bacterial diseases of fish. Snergistic interaction in combination of antibacterials was determined by in vitro antimicrobial activity against selected fish-pathogenic bacteria, Vibrio anguillarum, Edwardsiella tarda, Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus epidermidis, on the basis of Checkerboard assay using fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) indices. Synergistic interactions were observed in combinations of (oxytetracycline HCL+lincomycin), (tetracycline HCL+florfenicol), (oxytetracycline HCL+florfenicol) against V. anguillarum, (sodium nifurstyrenate+florfenicol), (tetracycline HCL+florfenicol), (sodium nifurstyrenate+oxolinic acid), (oxytetracycline HCL+florfenicol) against E. tarda, (ciprofloxacine+oleandomycin), (oxytetracycline HCL+oleandomycin), (tetracycline HCL+oleandomycin), (oxytetracycline HCL+lincomycin), (oxytetracycline HCL+spiramycin), (oxytetracycline HCL+erythromycin), (doxycycline HCL+oleandomycin), (tetracycline HCL+spiramycin) against Streptococcus sp., and (ciprofloxacine+erythromycin), (florfenicol+erythromycin), (doxycycline HCL+oleandomycin), (ciprofloxacine+oleandomycin) against S. epidermidis.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.95-99
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• 1993

A total of 108 Holstein calves with an average body weight of l19kg was studied in 4 farms in middle region of South Korea in late Autumn from November 8 to 27, 1991. Individuals were selected for treatment when they exhibited acute signs of pneumonia and had a rectal temperature of$\geq$4$0^{\circ}C$. Each animal received intramuscularly either danofloxacin at 1.25mg/kg once daily or oxytetracycline at 10mg/kg once daily for three consecutive days. The individuals which had a rectal temperature of$\geq$39.5$^{\circ}C$ at 24 hours after the third treatment received two further treatments. Treatment for three or five days with danofloxacin was very efficacious and superior to oxytetracycline in the treatment of calve pneumonia. Eighty-six per cent of 58 danofloxacin treated calves and sixty-six per cent of 50 oxytetracycline teated calves responded successfully to treatment for three days and the difference between treatment groups was highly significant. Danofloxacin was more efficacious than oxytetracycline in rapid and complete control of pyrexia and in resolution of clinical signs. The minimum inhibitory concentration of danofloxacin for Pasteurella hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida was equally 0.12~0.50 mcg/$m\ell$ while that of oxytetracycline for Pasteurella hemolytica and Pasteurella multocida was 2.0~4.0 and 4.0~16mcg/$m\ell$, respectively. During the treatment period side effect was not found in all animals of both treatment groups except some animals receiving oxytetracycline showed pain at the site of injection.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.85-89
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• 1972

The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of five chemotherapeutic agents (penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and furazolidone) was measured for 126 strains of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the udder of dairy cattle. The results obtained were as follows: 1. The MIC of penicillin, streptomycin, tetracycline, oxytetracycline and furazolidone ranged from 0.03 to 32 ug/ml, 0.06 to 128 ug/ml, 0.06 to 128 ug/ml, 1.0 to 512 ug/ml, and 0.06 to 32 ug/ml, respectively. The most frequent MIC of the above drugs were; penicillin 0.5ug/ml, streptomycin 1.0ug/ml, tetracycline 0.5ug/ml, oxytetracycline 4.0ug/ml, and furazolidone 2.0ug/ml. 2. The number of strains resistant to penicillin. streptomycin, tetracycline and oxytetracycline were 89(70.6), 9(7.1%), 10(7.9%), and 26(20.6%), respectively. Twenty-eight (29.2%) strains showed multiple resistance to more than two antibiotics tested.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.73-81
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• 1988

Combinations of EDTA-Tris and gentamicin, oxytetracycline in normal bovine milk were examined for synergistic activities aganist Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Corynebacterium Pyogenes, Escherichia coli, Salmonella dublin, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and proteus spp. isolated from the milk of acute clinical bovine mastitis. The results were summarized as follows: 1. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of EDTA-Tris and gentamicin, oxytetracycline on Escherichia coli, Salmonella dublin, proteus spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus agalactiae were markedly reduced. 2. The significant synergistic effects observed when the microorganisms were reacted with EDTA-Tris and gentamicin, oxytetracycline. These findings were respectively verified by kinetic studies of microbial death, using one-fourth minimal inhibitory concentrations of EDTA-Tris, gentamicin, and oxytetracycline.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.87-91
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• 1987

The in vitro interactions between antibiotics(ampicillin, kanamycin, cephalexin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol) and ginseng saponin were studied by the chessboard method against bacteria(Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Mycobacterium smegmatis). Ampicillin, kanamycin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol against Bacillus subtilis, and ampicillin and cephalexin against Staphylococcus aureus were synergistic in the presence of gi­nseng saponin. Whereas kanamycin, oxytetracycline and chloramphenicol against Staphylococcus aureus, and ampicillin, Kanamycin, cephalexin, oxytetracycline and chlorampheniol against Escherichia coli, and ampicillin, kanamycin, and chloramphenicol against Pseudomonas aer­uginosa, and ampicillin and chloramphenicol against Mycobacterium smegmatis were indiffer­ent in the presence of ginseng saponin. Antagonisms between antibiotics and ginseng saponin were not observed in this study.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.141-151
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• 2002

In order to know the depletive changes of sulfadimethoxine and oxytetracycline residues in se겨m of dairy cattle intramusculally administered with sulfadimethoxine sodium(SDS) and oxytetracycline(OTC), the concentration of sulfadimethoxine and oxyteracycline was measured in serum of dairy cattle with using high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). SDS and OTC was intramuscularlly administrated to dairy cattle at the rate of 10mg/kg(SDS) and 10mg/kg(OTC) body weight(recommended therapeutic dose) once to four dairy cattle. There were investigated the depletive changes of the sulfadimethoxine and oxytetracycline in serum of dairy cattle at the time 2, 4, 8 hours, 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day after administration SMS and OTC, respectively. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. After intramuscularlly administration of the SMS, the mean concentrations of sulfamethazine in serum according to the time lapsed were showed 33.964 $\pm$ 4.435ppm at the 4 hours after withdrawal of medicated sulfadimethoxine sodium. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the concentrations of sulfadimethoxine residues in serum were significantly (p<.05) decreased 6.596 $\pm$ 3.402 ppm at 1st day, 0.217 $\pm$ 0.119 ppm at 3rd day and 0.057 $\pm$ 0.032 ppm at 4th day, respectively. 2. The mean residual concentration of OTC in serum according to the time lapsed after intramuscularly administration OTC were showed 0.743 $\pm$ 0.368ppm at the 8 hours. And gradually according to the time lapsed, the mean concentrations of OTC residues in serum of dairy cattle were significantly(p<.05) decreased such as 0.057 $\pm$ 0.047ppm at 3rd day and 0.039 $\pm$ 0.016ppm at the 5th day, respectively. In conclusion, this study could be suggested the relationship between administrated period, sulfonamides and tetracycline residual aspects in serum, and the importance of observing ceasing period of antibiotic drugs before forwarding livestocks to slaughter, Thus, this results would be able to be used the basic index for prevention of sulfonamides and tetracycline residues in dairy breedings.