• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 1999

Previous studies have shown that methanol extract and its butanol fraction of Carthamus tinctorius L. Semen have the hepatoprotective effect on the CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity. The hepatoprotective effect of the subfractions of butanol fraction has been evaluated by analyzing oxygen free radical scavenging enzyme activities and histopathological examinations. In BS-5 subfraction treated group, the activity of superoxide dismutase has been significantly increased as compared with that of CCl4, treated rats. Antioxidant activity has been evaluated by the examination of the scavenging activity against 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical. BS-5 subfraction has shown strong antioxidant activities. The histopathological examination showed that the treatment of BS-5 subfraction has relieved the ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes which had been generated by CCl4. It appears that the protective effect of BS-5 subfraction would be mediated of the attenuation of lipid peroxidation by acting as a free radical scavenger, which were based on the increase of superoxide dismutase activity.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.51-58
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• 1999

To evaluate an effect of liver damage on the dermal oxygen free radical metabolizing enzyme activities, the $CCl_4$ (0.1 ml/ 100 g body wt., 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil) was intraperitoneally given to the rats every other day for 2 weeks. Based on the histopathological findings, liver weight (%), serum alanine aminotransferase, xanthine oxidase activities and hepatic lipid peroxide contents, the animals were induced severe liver damage. In the present liver damaged animal, all the activities of dermal scavenging enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased compared with central. And under the cytochemical electron microscopy the more coarse granules of cerrous perhydroxide were found compared with the control. In conclusion, the $CCl_4$-induced liver damage may influence upon the activities of some dermal oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.67-70
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• 1998

To investigate an effect of Gam-Roa tea on the free radical or alcohol detoxicating enzyme activities, the rats got a drink at the Gam-Roa tea instead of water for 3 months, and then the animals were sacrificed and obtained the following findings. The animals receiving Gam-Roa tea showed a decreasing tendency of hepatic xanthine oxithine oxidase activity and significantly incresed content of cytochrome P-450 compared with the control. Furthermore, hepatic superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase activities were also more increased in rats received Gam-Roa tea than in the control group, those receiving water. On the other hand, alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activities were more increased in rats receiving Gam-Roa tea than the control. In conclusion, it is likely that the liver of rats receiving Gam-Roa tea may have the oxygen free radical or alcohol detoxication potential.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1 s.31
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• pp.21-36
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• 1996

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuycum, being known to reinforce Kidney-yin and yang, on the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the production of oxygen free radicals in the liver and kidney tissues, Alterations in enzyme activities were observed after in vivo treatment in rats, Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD) and catajase Jwagyuyeum significantly increased the activity of glutathione peroxidase in both liver and kidney, but the enzyme activity was not significantly altered by Woogyuyeum. Treatment in vitro of Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum decreased the production of oxygen free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that Jwagyuyeum and Woogyuyeum stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit directly the production of oxygen free radicals. These effects of both herbs may contribute to prevent the oxygen free radical-induced impairment of cell function.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.81-88
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• 2002

Effect of cyclohexanone treatment on the activities oxygen free radical and cyclohexanone metabolizing enzyme in acute liver damaged rats, was investigated. Acute liver damage was induced in rats with pretreatment of 50% $CCl_4$ in olive oil(0.1ml/100g body wt) intraperitoneally 3 times every other day. Cyclohexanone(1.56g/kg body wt, i.p.) was administered to the animals 24 hours after the last Pretreatment of CC1$_4$. Rats were sacrificed at 4 hours after injection of cyclohexanone. On the basis of liver weight/body weight(％), serum levels alanine aminotransferase activity and hepatic protein content, cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged animals led to the more enhanced liver damage. On the other hand, injection of cyclohexanone to the rats led to the increased activities of hepatic cytochrome P-450 dependent aniline hydroxylase and xanthine oxidase. Furthermore, by treatment of cyclohexanone to the acute liver damaged rats hepatic xanthine oxidase activity was more increased than the $CCl_4$ treated rats. In case of oxygen free radical scavenging system, the hepatic glutathione content and the activities of hepatic glutathione S-transferase, catalase, superoxide dismutase were generally increased by injection of cyclohexanone to rats, and the hepatic glutathione content, catalase and alcohol dehydrogenase activities were more decreased in liver damaged rats by the treatment of cyclohexanone. In conclusion, the cyclohexanone treatment to acute liver damaged rats led to enhancement of liver damage that may be due to oxygen free radical together with cyclohexanone.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.355-365
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• 1997

This study was undertaken to examine the effect of Cheongahwan(CAH), being known to reinforce Kidney-yang, on the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes and the production of oxygen free radicals in the kidney tissues. Alterations in enzyme activities were observed after in vivo treatment in rats. CAH caused a significant increase in the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase and glutathione S-transferase. But catalase activity was not significantly altered by CAH. Treatment in vitro of CAH decreased the production of oxygen free radicals in a dose-dependent fashion. These results suggest that CAH stimulate the activities of antioxidant enzymes and inhibit directly the production of oxygen free radicals. These effects of CAH may contribute to prevent the oxygen free radical-induced impairment of cell function.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.223-228
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• 1995

In an attempt to define the effects of biphenyldimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) on the lipid peroxidation and oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes activities in mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxic rats, we studied malondialdehyde (MDA) level and the activities of catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver of the rats at 24 hr after the injection of mercuric chloride. Sprague-Dalwey albino rats were injected subcutaneously with mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg) only and mercuric chloride (5 mg/kg) plus. DDB (200 mg/kg/day, p.o) is administered for 4 days prior to 3 days from the injection of mercuric chloride. The group treated with mercuric chloride showed significantly higher MDA level and lower catalase and SOD activities as compared with that of control group. The group treated with mercuric chloride plus DDB showed significantly lower MDA level and catalase activity and higher SOD activity as compared with that of mercuric chloride-treated group. These results suggest that the excessive oxygen free radicals resulting from the depression of superoxide dismutase activity is an important determinant in the pathogenesis of mercuric chloride-induced hepatotoxicity and DDB has antioxidant effects.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.268-273
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• 2000

To investigate an effect of the ethanol extract of Lycium chinense(EELC) on the activities of enzymes scavenging oxygen free radicals or detoxicating alcohol. The ground Lycium chinense was extracted with 30% edible ethanol and then diluted with 6% ethanol to contain 2% EELC(w/v). Three different groups of male Sprague-Dawley rats had taken a drink EELC, ethanol(ETH) or water(control), respectively for 2 months. At the end of experimental period, the animals were sacrificed and obtained the following findings. The EELC-treated animals showed the highest activity of hepatic glucose-6-phosphatase among three groups. The activities of xanthine oxidase and cytochrome p-450 from EELC treatment group were lower than those from ETH-treated group. However, the activity of superoxide dismutase was higher in the EELC-treated group than the ETH-treated(p<0.005). Furthermore, hepatic alcohol or aldehyde dehydrogenase activity, and glutathione content and glutathione peroxidase were significantly higher in EELC-treated animals than in ETH-treated those. The activity of glutathione S-transferase in liver was appeared the orderly higher value in EELC, ETH and control-treated group. As the result, EELC may affect the reduction of oxygen free radical production and help the detoxication of ethanol.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.83-88
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• 2002

To investigate the skin toxicity of xylene, xylene (25 mg/$\textrm{cm}^2$) has been sequentially applied to the rat skin for four days. On the light microscopic examination, epithelium was left out with infiltration of inflammatory cells in border with dermis, and formation of new epithelial layer was shown under the inflammatory zone. Application of xylene to the rat skin showed the marked rise of cutaneous xanthine oxidase activity whereas, He activities of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase, were significantly declined. Furthermore, the content of cutaneous glutathione was more and less decreased in rat skin applied with xylene. In conclusion, these results suggest that a part of oxygen free radical may be responsible for morphological changes in skin by applying xylene to the rat skin.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2000

This study was carried out to examine if Haejohwan (HJ) inhibits oxidant-induced lipid peroxidation and therby produces protective effect against thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid rats. Triiodothyronine $(T_3)$, thyroxine $(T_4)$, lipid peroxidation, xathine oxidase activities and type conversion ratio were increased in thyroxine treated group. However, they were decreased in HJ extract's pre-applied group. Glutathione level, activities of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione Stransferase and glutathione reductase were decreased in thyroxine treated group. But, they were increased in HJ extract's pre-applied group. These results suggest that in thyroxine-induced hyperthyroid rats HJhas an increase in the activities of oxygen free radical scavenging enzymes and inhibition of xanthine oxidase activities, and prevents lipid peroxidation.