• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.1-10
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• 1968

Maximal oxygen consumption measurements were performed on 15 middle school boys (age: mean 14.0, range: $13{\sim}16$ years) and 14 high school boys (age: mean 17.4, range: $16{\sim}19$ years). General body build was greater in the high school boys and absolute values of body height, body weight, skinfold thicknesses, maximal oxygen uptake, and maximal pulmonary ventilation followed the same trend. Considered on the basis of body build, however, the values of high school boys were not always greater than those of middle school boys. The following results were obtained. 1. Maximal oxygen consumption in middle school boys was 2.11 l/min., 53.7ml/kg b. weight, 13.9 ml/cm body height, and 63.7 ml/kg LBM. In high school boys the values were: 2.86 l/min., 52.7 ml/kg b.wt., 17.5 ml/cm b. height, and 57.9 ml/kg LBM. Thus, middle school boys were superior to high school boys on body weight and lean body mass basis. They were also superior to the European boys of the same age. 2. The ratio of maximal oxygen uptake to resting value was 9.7 in middle school boys, and 10.8 in high school boys. 3. Maximal pulmonary ventilation in middle school boys was 58.0 l/min., and 84.0 l/min. in high school boys. The ratio of maximal ventilation to resting value was the same as oxygen uptake, namely, 9.7 in middle school boys and 10.7 in high school boys. 4. Ventilation equivalent in middle school boys was 27.5 and 29.3 in high school boys. These values represent values of untrained male subjects. 5. Maximal heart rate in high school boys reached to 193 beat/min. and is 2.9 times that of resting heart rate. 6. Maximal oxygen pulse in high school boys was 16.6 ml/beat and was same as that of untrained subject. 7. Correlation between body weight and maximal oxygen consumption in middle school boys was r=0.570, and r=0.162 in high school boys. Correlation between lean body mass in middle school boys was r=0.499, and r=0.158 in high school boys. Interrelation between body weight and maximal pulmonary ventilation was poor. 8. The differences between trained and untrained subjects were discussed.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.37 no.4 s.147
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• pp.272-277
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• 2006

This study was undertaken to determine whether Juglandis Semen (JAS) extract exerts protective effect against oxidant-induced inhibition of $Na^+-pump$ activity in cerebral cortex. $Na^+-pump$ activity was estimated by measuring ouabain-sensitive oxygen consumption. The oxygen consumption significantly inhibited by 1mM t-butylhydroperoxide (tBHP), which was prevented by addition of 2% JAS extract. The oxygen consumption was increased by an increase in $Na^+$ concentration from 5 to 100 mM, $K^+$ concentration from 0.5 to 10 mM, and $Mg^{2+}$ concentration from 0.2 to 5 mM. These changes in ion concentrations did not affect the inhibitory effect of tBHP and protective action of JAS on oxygen consumption. tBHP (l mM) produced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation in cerebral cortex, which was prevented by 2% JAS extraction. These results suggest that JAS exerts protective effect against tBHP-induced inhibition of $Na^+-pump$ activity in the cerebral cortex, probably through action as antioxidant.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

This study was conducted to find out biological response of the oyster Crassostrea gigas exposed to lead (Pb). Experimental period was four weeks. Experimental groups were composed of one control condition and three lead exposure conditions (0.20, 0.40 and 0.80 mg/L). The results of the study confirmed that lead induces reduction of survival rate and oxygen consumption rate and degeneration of organ structure of the bivalve. Oxygen consumption rate was observed exposure groups lower than control decline by 15%-55%. Histological analysis of organ system illustrated expansion of hemolymph sinus, degeneration of epithelial layer and connective tissue layer of the mantle. Also, epithelial degeneration and disappearance of cilia band are recognized in the gill filament and it was observed disruption of epithelial layer and degeneration of basophilic cell and epithelial cell in the digestive tubules.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.712-718
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• 2015

The effects of salinity on survival, oxygen consumption, and hematological response of greenling Hexagrammos otakii, mean body weight 147.1±3.8 g, were investigated under salinity conditions of 33.4 (control), 33.1, 32.8, 32.2, 31.0, 28.7, 23.9, 14.5, and 3.8 psu, to evaluate physiological effects in relation to changes in salinity. The survival and hematological responses of fish were measured at each salinity after 96- and 24-h exposures. The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of fish was measured in triplicate under conditions of stepwise salinity exposure (33.4→33.1→32.8→32.2→31.0→28.7→23.9→14.5→3.8 psu) with an interval of 24 h at each salinity, using a continuous flow-through respirometer. No fish mortality was observed in the range of 33.4 to 14.5 psu, but the survival rate was reduced to 53.3% at 3.8 psu after 96 h of exposure. The OCRs did not significantly differ in the range between 33.4 to 28.7 psu (P>0.05), but significantly increased at 23.9 and 14.5 psu, and then dramatically decreased at 3.8 psu compared to the control (P<0.05). Hematological variables, such as glucose, glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), hematocrit, and Na⁺, were affected by reduced salinity. This result may be applicable for habitat and culture management of greenlings.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.75-82
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• 1968

The effects of x-irradiation on the utilization of glucose, succinate, citrate and $\\alpha$-ketoglutarate, on the response of the cell metabolism to $NaN_3$ and DNP, and on the uptake of lysine in the presence or absence of the metabolitesor the inhibitors were studied using HeLa cells and the results are summarized as follows: 1. 200r of x-irradiation had no immediate effect on the oxygen consumption of cells. 2. The oxygen consumption was greatly stimulated by succinate, $\\alpha$-ketoglutarate and citraed and in decreasing order and x-irradiation caused no remarkable change in this order. 3. The respiratory response of the cell to the metabolic inhibitors seems to be altered by x-irradiation. 4. The initial rate of the uptake of lysine was markedly retarded and the accumulation of lysine in the cell was decreased by irradiation. 5. Glucose increased the lysine uptake whereas succinate had no effect and citrate and $\\alpha$-ketoglutarate reduced the absorption. X-irradiation did not alter this tendency. 6. The inhibitory effects of $NaN_3$ and DNP on the lysine uptake were quite different from those seen in the oxygen consumption.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.25 no.11
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• pp.187-193
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• 2020

This study is proposed to the effects of interval training by different intensity on body fat, flexibility, agility, quickness, and maximal oxygen consumption. A total of 30 healthy men voluntarily participated in the study. The participants were randomized to moderate aerobic exercise(n=15) and high-intensity interval training groups(n=15). Exercise programs lasted for six weeks, with each session occurring four times per week for 50 minutes per session. There were significant differences in fat and physical fitness according to flexibility, agility, quickness, and maximal oxygen consumption within the high-intensity interval training groups(p<.05). For the moderate aerobic exercise group, there was a significant difference in fat, flexibility, maximal oxygen consumption(p<.05). There were significant differences between groups for fat, flexibility, agility and quickness(p<.05). Therefore using high-intensity interval training will significantly benefit obese young men in musculoskeletal capacity and quickness.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.153-158
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• 2004

The juvenile gobiidae, Tridentiger trigonocephatus were reared for 40 days under the salinity ranges between 0 and 33.6$\textperthousand$ to examine the effects of salinity on the survival, growth and oxygen consumption rates of the fish. Survival rates were significantly declined for the fish reared under 3.4$\textperthousand$, and daily growth rates were also reduced below 6.7$\textperthousand$ Body length and weight of gobiids reared below 6.7$\textperthousand$ were smaller than those reared above 13.4$\textperthousand$. Oxygen consumption rates in the salinity conditions $\leq$ 10.1$\textperthousand$ were significantly reduced with decreasing salinity. This study reveled that low salinity reduced survival, growth and oxygen consumption rates of the juvenile gobiids suggesting potential influence on the natural mortality of Tridentiger trigonocephalus in the estuarine areas where experience the extreme salinity fluctuations in Korean waters.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.135-143
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• 2014

The effect of salinity on the survival, oxygen consumption and blood physiology of Korean rockfish Sebastes schlegelii (body weight $97.4{\pm}1.7g$, $mean{\pm}SD$) was investigated at nine different salinities of 33.4 (control), 33.1, 32.8, 32.2, 31.0, 28.7, 23.9, 14.5 and 3.8 psu, respectively. Survival and blood physiology were measured at each salinity in two separate trials of 96 and 24 hr duration, respectively. Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was determined at stepwise salinity exposure ($33.4{\rightarrow}33.1{\rightarrow}32.8{\rightarrow}32.2{\rightarrow}31.0{\rightarrow}28.7{\rightarrow}23.9{\rightarrow}14.5{\rightarrow}3.8$ psu) with an interval of 24 hr for each salinity. No death of fishes were observed in the range of 33.4 to 14.5 psu, but the survival rate was reduced to 26.7% at 3.8 psu after 96 hr. The OCRs were not significantly different in the range 33.4 to 28.7 psu (p > 0.05), but significantly increased until 14.5 psu and then drastically decreased at 3.8 psu compared to the control (p < 0.05). The concentrations of plasma $Na^+$ and $Cl^-$ were significantly lower in fish exposed at 3.8 psu compared to the control (p < 0.05). The results of this study provide evidence that S. schlegelii exposed to concentrations below 23.9 psu show significant physiological responses to tolerate salinity changes under the experimental conditions we established.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.303-307
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• 2008

In this study, we have carried out the cone calorimeter test to examine the thermal characteristics, such as total smoke production(TSP), smoke temperature and oxygen consumption, of significant parts of above trees which are representative species of Young Dong Province of Korea. The smoke production of dead leaves and living leaves of pinus densiflora was increased rapidly at the early period of combustion. So the total smoke production of this parts was 8.3 times higher than other parts. The TSP of branches and barks of quercus dentata was 14.4 and 7.2 times higher than of pinus densiflora respectively. And also the maximum smoke temperature was about $338.35{\sim}353.25\;K$. The significant difference of oxygen consumption was not detected for dead leaves, branches and barks. However, the oxygen consumption of living leaves which have high percentage of moisture content is the lowest.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-12
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• 1961

1) Respiratory metabolism patterns and its enzyme systems in the gill tissue of the fresh water mussels, Cristaria plicata were investigated through the examination on the effects of respiratory enzyme inhibitors, (KCN, NAF) and succinoxidase assay, while studying the effects of neutral salts (NaCL, KCL, CaCl2) and pH on oxygen consumption of the gill tissue. 2) In the limited concentration of KCL (0.3mM) and NaCl (0.4mM) solutions, oxygen consumption of the intact gill tissue was accelerated, but in CaCl2(0.5mM) solution, it showed no significant effect. The oxygen consumption was gradually decreased at the above concentrations of these limitations. The optimum pH for the respiration of the gill was 7.3. 3)Cyanide in 10-8M solution inhibited 88.8% of the respiration of the intact gill tissue. Methylene blue accelerated the respiration of the noral gill tissue, and slightly but significantly reversed the cyaniide poisoned respiration. 4)Oxygen consumption of the gill homogenate was apparently increased by the mixed addition of succinate, cytochrome c and activators (AlCl3 and CaCl2). This results suggested that succinoxidase system acts on the respiratory pattern of the gil tissue. 5) It was able to recognize that the enolase, which acts on the anaerobic glycolytic system, participated in the tissue respiration of the gill for NaF in 5$\times$10-2 M solution inhibited 55.5% of the respiration of the same intact tissue.