• Animal Bioscience
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.303-314
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• 2024

Objective: Rutin, also called vitamin P, is a flavonoids from plants. Previous studies have indicated that rutin can alleviate the injury of tissues and cells by inhibiting oxidative stress and ameliorating inflammation. There is no report on the protective effects of rutin on goat rumen epithelial cells (GRECs) at present. Hence, we investigated whether rutin can alleviate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced damage in GRECs. Methods: GRECs were cultured in basal medium or basal medium containing 1 ㎍/mL LPS, or 1 ㎍/mL LPS and 20 ㎍/mL rutin. Six replicates were performed for each group. After 3-h culture, the GRECs were harvested to detect the relevant parameters. Results: Rutin significantly enhanced the cell activity (p<0.05) and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) (p<0.01) and significantly reduced the apoptosis rate (p<0.05) of LPS-induced GRECs. Rutin significantly increased superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, and catalase activity (p<0.01) and significantly decreased lactate dehydrogenase activity and reactive oxygen species and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.01). The mRNA and protein levels of interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 8 (CXCL8) and the mRNA level of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and chemokine C-C motif ligand 5 (CCL5) were significantly increased in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), while rutin supplementation significantly decreased the mRNA and protein levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and CXCL8 in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01). The mRNA level of toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), and the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 and nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) was significantly improved in LPS-induced GRECs (p<0.05 or p<0.01), whereas rutin supplementation could significantly reduce the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4 (p<0.05 or p<0.01). In addition, rutin had a tendency of decreasing the protein levels of CXCL6, NF-κB, and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B alpha (0.05

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.343-354
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• 2014

Rice blast disease caused by Magnaporthe oryzae is one of the most serious diseases of cultivated rice (Oryza sativa L.) in most rice-growing regions of the world. In order to investigate early response genes in rice, we utilized the transcriptome analysis approach using a 300 K tilling microarray to rice leaves infected with compatible and incompatible M. oryzae strains. Prior to the microarray experiment, total RNA was validated by measuring the differential expression of rice defense-related marker genes (chitinase 2, barwin, PBZ1, and PR-10) by RT-PCR, and phytoalexins (sakuranetin and momilactone A) with HPLC. Microarray analysis revealed that 231 genes were up-regulated (>2 fold change, p < 0.05) in the incompatible interaction compared to the compatible one. Highly expressed genes were functionally characterized into metabolic processes and oxidation-reduction categories. The oxidative stress response was induced in both early and later infection stages. Biotic stress overview from MapMan analysis revealed that the phytohormone ethylene as well as signaling molecules jasmonic acid and salicylic acid is important for defense gene regulation. WRKY and Myb transcription factors were also involved in signal transduction processes. Additionally, receptor-like kinases were more likely associated with the defense response, and their expression patterns were validated by RT-PCR. Our results suggest that candidate genes, including receptor-like protein kinases, may play a key role in disease resistance against M. oryzae attack.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.437-442
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• 2012

홍국쌀 추출물의 항산화 작용을 DPPH radical 및 hydroxyl radical 소거능, 간암 세포에서의 산화적 DNA 손상과 항산화 효소의 유전자 발현에 미치는 영향으로 분석하였다. 홍국쌀 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거능은 ethyl acetate 추출물, methanol 추출물, butanol 추출물 순이었으며, ethyl acetate 추출물의 DPPH radical 소거능은 0.2 mg/mL에서 85%, $IC_{50}$는 0.13 mg/mL로 나타났다. Ethyl acetate 추출물의 hydroxyl radical 소거능을 DCF fluorescence로 측정한 결과, cuvette에서는 2.5 ${\mu}g$/mL에서 44.2%, 5.0 ${\mu}g$/mL 74.1%, 10.0 ${\mu}g$/mL >100%로 나타났고, $HepG_2$ cell에서는 ethyl acetate 추출물로 전처리한 세포의 radical이 $H_2O_2$로만 처리한 세포에 비해 유의적으로 감소하였다. 홍국쌀 ethyl acetate로 전처리한 세포의 DNA 손상이 $H_2O_2$로만 처리한 세포에 비해 유의적으로 낮았으며, 추출물 대신 lovastatin을 처리한 세포는 DNA 손상이 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 항산화 효소 유전자의 상대적 발현 정도를 측정한 결과, 산화 스트레스 없이 ethyl acetate 추출물로 전처리한 세포에서는 SOD와 GPx가 control에 비해 각각 3.25배, 2.67배 유의적으로 증가하였으며, 추출물로 전처리한 후 산화 스트레스에 노출시킨 세포에서는 CAT가 control에 비해 5 ${\mu}g$/mL에서 4.64배, 10 ${\mu}g$/mL에서 7.0배 유의적으로 증가하였다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제46권1호
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• pp.100-107
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 염생식물인 칠면초와 세발나물의 인슐린 저항성을 개선하는 효과를 조사하였다. 본 실험에 사용한 OLETF쥐는 CCK-1 수용체의 결함으로 인해 인슐린 저항성을 걸쳐 제 2형 당뇨병이 유발되는데, 인슐린 저항성이 진행되는 10주령부터 28주령이 될 때까지 칠면초와 세발나물을 18주 동안 섭취시켰다. 염생식물식이군들의 체중이나 공복혈당 변화는 식이기간 동안 전반적으로 대조군과 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. Oral glucose tolerance test에서 염생식물 섭취가 당 내성을 개선하는 효과를 보였으나 그 혈당 변화를 면적으로 환산하였을 때 각 식이군들 간의 유의적인 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 혈중 insulin 및 HbA1c 수치는 유의하게 낮은 수치를 보였으며, adiponectin 수치는 높고 leptin과 ghrelin 수치는 낮았으나 현저한 차이는 관찰되지 않았다. 세발나물식이군의 혈중 중성지질과 총 cholesterol 수치는 대조군에 비해 유의적으로 더 낮았다. 혈중 지질산화물 함량은 각 식이군 간 유의차가 관찰되지 않았으나 염생식물식이군에서 더 낮은 경향을 보였으며, NF-${\kappa}B$ p65는 지방조직에서 유의적으로 낮은 발현량을 보였다. 또한 두 염생식물식이군에서 인슐린 신호전달의 negative regulator인 $pIRS1^{Ser307}$의 발현량은 대조군에 비해 더 낮음을 확인하였다. 그러므로 칠면초와 세발나물은 생후 성장하면서 인슐린 저항성이 생기는 OLETF쥐의 인슐린 저항성을 현저하게 줄여주지는 못하였으나 그 개선 효과는 있는 것으로 시사되며, 두 염생식물의 급여 기간을 늘려 제 2형 당뇨병을 예방하는 효과에 대한 섬세한 검토가 보완되어야 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.299-306
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• 2017

The transcriptional activator AphB has been implicated in acid resistance and pathogenesis in the food borne pathogens Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae. To date, the full-length AphB crystal structure of V. cholerae has been determined and characterized by a tetrameric assembly of AphB consisting of a DNA binding domain and a regulatory domain (RD). Although acidic pH and low oxygen tension might be involved in the activation of AphB, it remains unknown which ligand or stimulus activates AphB at the molecular level. In this study, we determine the crystal structure of the AphB RD from V. vulnificus under aerobic conditions without modification at the conserved cysteine residue of the RD, even in the presence of the oxidizing agent cumene hydroperoxide. A cysteine to serine amino acid residue mutant RD protein further confirmed that the cysteine residue is not involved in sensing oxidative stress in vitro. Interestingly, an unidentified small molecule was observed in the inter-subdomain cavity in the RD when the crystal was incubated with cumene hydroperoxide molecules, suggesting a new ligand-binding site. In addition, we confirmed the role of AphB in acid tolerance by observing an aphB-dependent increase in cadC transcript level when V. vulnificus was exposed to acidic pH. Our study contributes to the understanding of the AphB molecular mechanism in the process of recognizing the host environment.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권8호
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• pp.931-937
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• 2018

뇌공등에 함유되어있는 트립톨라이드는 뛰어난 항염증, 항산화 효능을 가지고 있음이 보고되었다. 예쁜꼬마선충을 이용한 이전 연구에서 트립톨라이드의 섭취가 개체의 항스트레스 효능을 높이고, 수명을 연장시킴이 밝혀졌다. 본 연구에서는 트립톨라이드에 의한 수명연장에 관여하는 세포 내 기전과 트립톨라이드가 노화관련 질환인 당뇨병과 알츠하이머병에 미치는 영향을 평가하였다. 트립톨라이드는 인슐린/IGF-1-like 신호전달 저하에 의한 수명연장 돌연변이인 age-1과 미토콘드리아 전자 전달계 저하에 의한 수명연장 돌연변이인 clk-1의 수명을 유의적으로 증가시킨 반면, 식이제한 유도 돌연변이인 eat-2의 수명에는 유의적인 변화를 유도하지 못했다. 또한 박테리아 희석을 이용한 식이제한에 의해 연장된 수명을 추가적으로 더 연장시키지 못했다. 트립톨라이드 섭취는 고농도의 당 섭취에 의한 체내 독성과 사람 아밀로이드 베타 형질전환 유전자로 인한 체내 독성을 유의적으로 저하시켰다. 이러한 결과들은 트립톨라이드에 의한 수명연장이 식이제한에 의한 수명연장 기전과 중복되며, 트립톨라이드가 노화관련 질환을 저해하는 효능이 있음을 보여준다. 따라서, 트립톨라이드는 식이제한 효능을 대체할 수 있는 식의약품 개발에 활용될 수 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제41권1호
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• pp.39-44
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• 2008

Objectives : This study was conducted to investigate the associations of non alcoholic fatty liver with metabolic syndrome and the serum carotenoids. Methods : This study was conducted in a general hospital in South Korea from November, 2004 to August, 2005. The study subjects were 350 sampled persons who were aged from 40 years and older (males : 180, females : 170). They were grouped into the normal, mild and severe groups according to fat accumulation in their livers, as determined by ultrasonography. We analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and metabolic syndrome by multiple logistic regression analysis and we analyzed the association between non alcoholic fatty liver and the serum carotenoids by a general linear model(ANCOVA). Results : After adjustment for the effect of potential covariates, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome was associated with fat accumulation in the liver (p trend <0.001). If the odds ratio of normal group is 1.00, then that of the mild group is 2.80 (95% C.I=1.17-6.71) and that of the severe group is 7.29 (95% C.I=2.76-19.30). The prevalence of metabolic alterations fitting the criteria of metabolic syndrome, according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver, was significantly increased, except for criteria of high blood pressure, a large waist circumference and low HDL (high density lipoprotein) cholesterol level (p trend <0.001). The level of serum ${\beta}$-carotene was decreased according to the class of fat accumulation in the liver (p trend=0.036), but the levels of serum ${\alpha}$-carotene, lycopene, ${\beta}$-cryptoxanthin and lutein were not decreased. Conclusions : This study shows that non alcoholic fatty liver was associated with metabolic syndrome and with the serum ${\beta}$-carotene level.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.376-384
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• 2023

Background: Hepatic lipid disorder impaired mitochondrial homeostasis and intracellular redox balance, triggering development of non-alcohol fatty liver disease (NAFLD), while effective therapeutic approach remains inadequate. Ginsenosides Rc has been reported to maintain glucose balance in adipose tissue, while its role in regulating lipid metabolism remain vacant. Thus, we investigated the function and mechanism of ginsenosides Rc in defending high fat diet (HFD)-induced NAFLD. Methods: Mice primary hepatocytes (MPHs) challenged with oleic acid & palmitic acid were used to test the effects of ginsenosides Rc on intracellular lipid metabolism. RNAseq and molecular docking study were performed to explore potential targets of ginsenosides Rc in defending lipid deposition. Wild type and liver specific sirtuin 6 (SIRT6, 50721) deficient mice on HFD for 12 weeks were subjected to different dose of ginsenosides Rc to determine the function and detailed mechanism in vivo. Results: We identified ginsenosides Rc as a novel SIRT6 activator via increasing its expression and deacetylase activity. Ginsenosides Rc defends OA&PA-induced lipid deposition in MPHs and protects mice against HFD-induced metabolic disorder in dosage dependent manner. Ginsenosides Rc (20mg/kg) injection improved glucose intolerance, insulin resistance, oxidative stress and inflammation response in HFD mice. Ginsenosides Rc treatment accelerates peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPAR-α, 19013)-mediated fatty acid oxidation in vivo and in vitro. Hepatic specific SIRT6 deletion abolished ginsenoside Rc-derived protective effects against HFD-induced NAFLD. Conclusion: Ginsenosides Rc protects mice against HFD-induced hepatosteatosis by improving PPAR-α-mediated fatty acid oxidation and antioxidant capacity in a SIRT6 dependent manner, and providing a promising strategy for NAFLD.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.682-697
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Tibetan tea is a kind of dark tea, due to the inherent complexity of natural products, the chemical composition and beneficial effects of Tibetan tea are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to unravel the composition of Tibetan tea using knowledge-guided multilayer network (KGMN) techniques and explore its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: The C57BL/6J mice were continuously gavaged with Tibetan tea extract (T group), green tea extract (G group) and ddH2O (H group) for 15 days. The activity of total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in mice was detected. Transcriptome sequencing technology was used to investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying the antioxidant and lipid-lowering effects of Tibetan tea in mice. Furthermore, the expression levels of liver antioxidant and lipid metabolism related genes in various groups were detected by the real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method. RESULTS: The results showed that a total of 42 flavonoids are provisionally annotated in Tibetan tea using KGMN strategies. Tibetan tea significantly reduced body weight gain and increased T-AOC and SOD activities in mice compared with the H group. Based on the results of transcriptome and qPCR, it was confirmed that Tibetan tea could play a key role in antioxidant and lipid lowering by regulating oxidative stress and lipid metabolism related pathways such as insulin resistance, P53 signaling pathway, insulin signaling pathway, fatty acid elongation and fatty acid metabolism. CONCLUSIONS: This study was the first to use computational tools to deeply explore the composition of Tibetan tea and revealed its potential antioxidant and hypolipidemic mechanisms, and it provides new insights into the composition and bioactivity of Tibetan tea.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.46-69
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• 1996

본(本) 실험(實驗)은 오염원(汚染源)에 대한 식물종(植物種) 간(間)의 반응(反應) 차이(差異)를 파악(把握)함으로서 식물(植物)을 이용(利用)한 환경오염(環境汚染)의 모니터링 방법(方法) 확립(確立)을 위한 기초(基礎) 자료(資料)를 얻고자 실시(實施)하였다. 독성산소(毒性酸素)의 유발원(誘發源)으로 paraquat, 질소독성(窒素毒性)의 유발원(誘發源)으로 ammonium, 그리고 중금속(重金屬) 오염원(汚染源) cadmium을 처리(處理)하여 식물종(植物種)의 반응(反應) 조사(調査)하였다. 꿀풀과(科)와 십자화과(十字花科), 석죽과(科) 식물(植物)들은 paraquat에 대한 내성(耐性)을 보였으며 화본과(禾本科)와 국화과(菊花科)의 식물(植物)들은 비교적(比較的) 감수성(感受性)을 나타냈다. 꿀풀과(科)의 쥐깨풀, 십자화과(十字花科)의 장대나물과 개갓냉이, 국화과(菊花科)의 지칭개와 미국쑥부쟁이, 화본과(禾本科)의 참새피는 특히 강(强)한 내성(耐性)을 보인 종(種)이었다. Paraquat에 대한 내성(耐性)은 월동(越冬) 능력(能力)과 관련이 있었으며, 일년생(一年生)보다는 월년생(越年生) 식물(植物)이나 다년생(多年生) 식물(植物)이 강(强)한 내성(耐性)을 나타내었다. Ammonium에 대한 반응(反應)을 보면, 화본과(禾本科)의 식물(植物)들이 내성(耐性)을 보였으며 콩과(科)나 석죽과(科)의 식물(植物)들이 감수성(感受性)을 나타내었다. 내성(耐性)을 보인 식물(植物)은 돌피, 미국개기장, 금강아지풀, 명아주, 까마중 등이었으며 쥐깨풀, 벼룩이자리, 들깨 등은 감수성(感受性)을 나타냈다. Cadmium에 대한 반응(反應)은 바랭이, 녹두, 개비름 등이 강(强)한 내성(耐性)을 보였고, 별꽃아재비, 질경이, 미국돼지풀, 참새피 등은 감수성(感受性)을 나타내었다. 특히 콩과 식물(植物)에서 감수성(感受性)이 크게 나타났다. 오염원(汚染源)이 발아율(發芽率)에 주는 영향(影響)은 성식물(成植物)에 주는 피해(被害)와는 큰 관련(關聯)이 있지는 않았다. 특히 오염원(汚染源)의 피해는 유아(幼芽)보다 유근(幼根)에 있어서 심하였다.