• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.329-337
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• 2015

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were oxidized with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. After oxidation, oxidized MWCNTs were treated with thionyl chloride ($SOCl_2$) and 1,4-butanediol (BD) in sequence at room temperature to introduce hydroxyl groups on the surface of MWCNTs. The prepared MWCNT-OH was silanized with 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxylsilane (MPTMS) to make MWCNT-MPTMS. The MWCNT-MPTMS was used as fillers in emulsion polymerization to make MWCNT-MPTMS/PMMA composite particles with 3 kinds of emulsifiers, hexadecyltrimethylammoniumbromide (CTAB) as a cationic, sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) as an anionic and polyethylene glycol tert-octylphenyl ether (Triton X-114) as a nonionic emulsifier. Morphologies of composite emulsions were confirmed by a particle size analyzer (PSA) and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Morphologies of emulsion polymerized MWCNT-MPTMS/PMMA with SDBS showed more uniform particle size distribution compared to those of other two emulsifiers used emulsions. MWCNT-MPTMS/PMMA showed $3.4^{\circ}C$ higher $T_g$ compared to pristine MWCNT/PMMA due to covalent bond formation at interface of MWCNT-MPTMS and PMMA.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.684-688
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• 2005

Aniline was polymerized in various protonic acid (HF, HC1, HBr, HI, $H_2SO_4$) aqueous solutions with different acidity. During the reaction, the dimer formation and the reaction rate were examined as functions of acidity (pH) and the size of counter ions. Open-circuit potential measurements were carried out to investigate the effect of protonic acid on the reaction rate. The results showed that polymerization rate in HF aqueous solution was very slow and polymerization did not occur in HI aqueous solution. These results were explained in terms of acidity and power of oxidation. The ratio of formation of dimers varied with the kind of protonic acid, and the results were explained with the nucleophilicity, solvation effect, and mobility of counter ions.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.357-361
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• 2006

Alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) synthesized in the body has virtues such as anti-oxidation, blood sugar regulation, appetite suppression, and anti-obesity, etc. ALA, which is also used as a drug, has a five-membered ring including disulfide and so easily losses bioavailability due to ring opening and subsequent polymerization by heat or ultraviolet. This report studies various conditions for ring opening polymerization. The ring opening starts above the melting point of ALA, but there was no temperature dependence above it. At $70^{\circ}C$, the degree of ring opening was proportional to reaction time and inversely proportional concentration. The degree of ring opening in acetic acid with UV for 1 hour reached the maximum conversion (70%). Most cleaved ALA changed into disulfide polymers, and the molecular weight of the polymers increased as the amount of ring opening increased.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.185-195
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• 1999

This study was carried out to improve the skin care property of the polyester fabric by finishing with sericin. It was known that skin care function, anti-oxidation, anti-tyrosinase activity and anti-elastase activity can be achieved from sericin finish. But, the moisture regain of the finished fabric was measured simply, because the major cause of the discomfort from polyester fabric has been anounced to be wetness. The effects of various treatment conditions on the properties of the finished fabric were measured, and obtained results were as follows: 1. The moisture regain at 40$^{\circ}C$ 90% RH were increased with the sericin uptake increasing. while it was not significant for the effects on the moisture regain depending on the treatment conditions like the degree of polymerization and treatment concentration of the binder. The moisture release of the fabric having sericin uptake 1%, 2% was faster than non treated fabric. The change of the moisture regain of the finished fabric from 40$^{\circ}C$ 90% RH to room temperature was 4∼5 times higher than that of knitted cotton fabric. 2. The frictional static charge was decreased with the degree of polymerization of the binder increasing. While the sericin uptake and treatment concentration of the binder were not significant. 3. The whiteness value of the fabric was slightly decreased by finishing with sericin and binder. In that cases, W values of the finished fabrics were above 90 while that depending on the degree of polymerization of the binder was not significant. 4. The major cause of the yellowness of the finished fabric was proved to be catalyst. The yellowness of the finished fabric with sulfur containing catalyst was lower than that with amine group containing catalyst. 5. The effects of the treatment concentrations of the cross-linking agent, catalyst and drying time on the wash durability were not significant.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.201-206
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• 2020

A SiOxCy(-H) thin film was synthesized by atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge(APDBD), and a SiO₂-like layer was formed on the surface of the film by oxidation treatment using oxygen plasma. Hexamethylcyclotrisiloxane was used as a precursor for the SiOxCy(-H) synthesis, and He gas was used for stabilizing APDBD. Oxygen permeability was evaluated by forming an oxidized SiOxCy(-H) thin film on a PET film. When the single-layer oxidized SiOxCy(-H) film was coated on the PET, the oxygen gas permeability decreased by 46% compared with bare PET. In case of three-layer oxidized SiOxCy(-H) film, the oxygen gas permeability decreased by 73%. The oxygen permeability was affected by the thickness of the SiO₂-like layer formed by oxidation treatment rather than the thickness of the SiOxCy(-H) film. The excellent corrosion resistance was demonstrated by coating an oxidized SiOxCy(-H) thin film on the silver-coated aluminum PCB for light emitting diode (LED).

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.31-39
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• 2003

The enzymatic isolation of residual lignins obtained from spruce and beech pulps (obtained by sulfite, kraft, ASAM and soda/AQ/MeOH pulping processes) and their characterization was described in previous publications. Here, the residual lignins have been submitted to potassium permanganate oxidation (KMnO₄ degradation), and 9 aromatic carboxylic acids (3 of them are dimeric) were identified after methylation with diazomethane by GC/MS. The analytical challenge during qantification by the internal standard methods was the partly high protein content of the samples, which resulted in elevated anisic acid yields in the degradation mixture of sulfite residual lignins. The results are compared with the KMnO₄ degradation of the corresponding MWLs and discussed in terms of S/G ratios and degrees of condensation. The latter was calculated as a quotient between the aromatic carboxylic acids derived from condensed and non-condensed lignin structures. Typical degradation patterns for the various processes have been observed. Among other parameter, the relative compositions between iso-hemipinic acid (which is for condensation in pos. 5 of the aromatic ring) and meta-hemipinic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphthalic acid (both are for condensation in pos. 6 of the aromatic ring) was found to be process specific. Kraft and soda/AQ/MeOH residual lignins yielded higher amounts of iso-hemipinic acid. In contrast, the relative yields of meta-hemipinic acid and 3,4,5-trimethoxyphthalic acid (the latter in beech lignins) are higher in sulfite and particularly in ASAM residual lignin. In case of beech residual lignins the amount of acids originated from non-condensed syringyl type lignin units was surprisingly high. The condensation degree of residual lignins was shown to be generally higher than that of MWLs. This was especially true for the G units. ASAM residual lignin exhibited very high S/G ratios and degrees of polymerization. Causality between condensation degree and total yield of degradation products was demonstrated.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.38 no.6
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• pp.827-831
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• 2014

An organic radical polymer (ORP) was prepared by radical polymerization and following oxidation into nitroxyl radical. Two different oxidation methods were employed and their radical concentrations were measured using electroparamagnetic resonance spectroscopy (EPR) and UV-visible absorption (UV-vis) spectroscopy. From these measurements, $H_2O_2-Na_2WO_4$ oxidation method exhibited a complete oxidation, which resulted in 97.6% spin concentration. Also, it was revealed that convenient and cheap UV-vis measurement was useful for preliminary radical concentration comparison. After applied as a cathode material in lithium ion batteries, ORP electrode showed a high initial capacity ($110mAh\;g^{-1}$), a good initial efficiency (96%), a very high rate performance (70% charging during 1.2 min) and stable cycle performance.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.10
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• pp.1777-1780
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• 2007

The synthesis of well-defined dendrons based on aliphatic polyether dendritic cores and glassy polystyrene peripheries is described. The synthetic route involves a combination of living anionic polymerization and a stepwise convergent method consisting of iterative Williamson etherification and hydroboration/oxidation reactions. On the basis of molecular weight, as characterized by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), the first generation dendron (Generation-1) shows a random coil conformation like a linear polystyrene, while higher generations (Generation-2 and 3) reveal globular forms in solution.

• 한국정보디스플레이학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2004.08a
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• pp.973-974
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• 2004

We report the fabrication of flexible plastic ITO substrates and the measurement of oxidant permeation through the substrates. The plastic ITO substrates are composed of multiple organic and inorganic thin films. The organic thin films are deposited by vapor polymerization and the inorganic films are deposited by ion beam sputtering. In order to estimate the oxidant permeation rate, the pure Ca film is formed on the substrates and the amount of CaO produced by the oxidation of Ca is measured.

• Carbon letters
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.157-160
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• 2012

In this work, iron oxide ($Fe_3O_4$) nanoparticles were deposited on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) by a simple chemical coprecipitation method and $Fe_3O_4$-decorated MWNTs (Fe-MWNTs)/polypyrrole (PPy) nanocomposites (Fe-MWNTs/PPy) were prepared by oxidation polymerization. The effect of the PPy on the electrochemical properties of the Fe-MWNTs was investigated. The structures characteristics and surface properties of MWNTs, Fe-MWNTs, and Fe-MWNTs/PPy were characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, respectively. The electrochemical performances of MWNTs, Fe-MWNTs, and Fe-MWNTs/PPy were determined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge/discharge characteristics in a 1.0 M sodium sulfite electrolyte. The results showed that the Fe-MWNTs/PPy electrode had typical pseudo-capacitive behavior and a specific capacitance significantly greater than that of the Fe-MWNT electrode, indicating an enhanced electrochemical performance of the Fe-MWNTs/PPy due to their high electrical properties.