Purpose : While there have been growing concerns about the effects of Asian dusts on health, there are few studies for relationship between Asian dusts and health outcome. This study was designed to examine the perceived symptoms and behavior change of children during the Asian Dust events. Methods : We surveyed 459 students at an elementary school in Seoul, Korea from November 20th to 27th 2002. Children with parents were asked to return the completed questionnaires within a week. The questionnaires included the sociodemographic factor, previous respiratory disease, and perceived symptom, hospital visits and behavior change during the Asian dusts. Results : The majority of children reported that they restrained going out and outdoor recreational activity during the Asian dusts. The rate of children who worn the mask was 49% and 47% in second grade and fifth grade, respectively. Regarding the perceived symptom during the Asian dusts, the children in 2nd were more likely to have symptom than 5th and there were significant difference between two groups in cough, asthma symptom, dry cough, phlegm and medication for allergy or asthma symptom. In addition, children who had previous disease were more likely to change behavior in order to prevent the effects of Asian dusts. Conclusions : This study suggested that the younger children and children who had past respiratory disease were susceptible to the effect of Asian dusts. There is a need for providing public information and health education to prevent the impact of Asian dusts on health.
Kim Hyun Li;Lee Myung Sook;Kim Myung Soon;Jung Moon-Hee
Journal of Korean Public Health Nursing
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v.12
no.2
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pp.1-11
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1998
This study was performed to analyze the occupational health nursing of support-project of health management skill for small-scale industries. The 2 subject centers were under the umbrella of Korean Industrial Health Association and data collection period was 2weeks from September 1 to 13. 1997 and time and motion study method was used. Data was handled by SPSS win 7.5 program. results were worked out number. percentage. F-value. (1) The weekly time spending of occupational health nurses was distributed into indoor service 46.9%, outdoor service 26.6%, movement 26.5%. The mean visiting times were 2-3 times per week. and spending time was about 1 hour per industry. (2) There are statistically significant difference among the distribution of time spending according to industrial works(F=23.08. p=.000). and the special education for occupational disease prevention takes the most mean time. (3) There were statistically significant difference among the spending time for the health coach of occupational health nurses(F=188.79. p=.000). and the activity time for workers (58.4%) was more than that of for monitors(41.6%). The frequency of health coachs were 155 times for monitors during two weeks. but health coach for worker was 87 times. As a results. the contents of health coach for workers was proved to take more time than that for monitors. Perhaps we think that monitors has limitation for health management. therefore we should be consider flexible management of visiting time and health coach guidelines for occupational health nurses. (4) There were statistically significant differences among the distribution of time spending according to health coach methods for industrial health nurses(F=66.31. p=.000). The most frequent method of all was guide transmission. 159 times(65.7%), and the mean spending time for instruction was 19.78 min. the longest time. Our suggestion for occupational health nursing of support-project of health management skill for small-scale industry is that the need of each industry is very complex because of various conditions. therefore need assessment for industries should be conducted professionally. And occupational health nurses should apply occupational health nursing process autonomously. and their activities be guaranted by the guideline
Lee, Tae Sung;Pyon, Jai Kyong;Mun, Goo Hyun;Bang, Sa lk;Oh, Kap Sung;Lim, So Young
Archives of Plastic Surgery
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v.35
no.6
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pp.698-702
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2008
Purpose: Basal cell carcinoma is one of the most common cancers in the western population and the annual incidence rate is still on an increasing course. In Asian countries such as Korea, the incidence of basal cell carcinoma is reported to be remarkably low but is estimated to be in a steep increase nowadays. This study was to analyze the recent clinical trends of basal cell carcinoma in Korea by reviewing a single institution's experience. Methods: Throughout an 11-year period, the surgical excision of 143 cases of basal cell carcinoma was performed in our department. General data of these cases such as the primary site of cancer, age and sex of the patient, operative methods, recurrence rate were reviewed retrospectively. Results: Among the 143 patients included in this study, 82 patients were men and 61 patients were women. The ages ranged from 27 to 89 years with a mean age of 64.0 years. The head and neck region was the most frequently involved primary site for the cancer as 95.1% of the total cases occurred in this area. Especially the nose and perinasal area were the most frequent region, which was followed by the periorbital area, cheek, and perioral area. During this study period, 9 cases showed recurrence of the cancer as the overall recurrence rate was 6.3%. Conclusion: Gradual increase in the incidence of basal cell carcinoma was demonstrated in this study. Basal cell carcinoma showed high incidence in the old-age population as 68.5% of the total patients were more than 60 years of age. High recurrence rate was noted in the nasal region especially after local flap reconstruction. A more cautious approach is to be required when handing such high risk lesions. Multiple factors such as extended life span, increased outdoor leisure activity and exposure to sunlight, higher accessibility to medical services and increased understanding of the public about skin cancer are assumed to be the main reasons for this increase of basal cell carcinoma.
Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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v.35
no.4
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pp.735-750
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2015
The purpose of this study is to draw an educational implication by analyzing the context of narrative texts, students' narrative thinking, and their academic achievement. We investigated text types in students' geological field trip reports, the reason why students favors narrative texts, the relationship between narrative texts and their scientific knowledge recall, and the relationship between narrative thought and academic achievement. All students used expository texts, 82% of them expressed argumentative texts, and 36% of them used narrative texts. It is likely that students use more narrative texts because students were in the context of outdoor activity and so, their emotional feelings were more activated than when they are doing lab activities. The academic characteristics of earth science seemed to contribute more narrative texts in students' reports. The post-test revealed that students with narrative texts recalled better than the others. On the other hand, there were no statistically meaningful differences in academic achievement between the two groups. However, we have noted that female students whose reports contain narrative texts achieved significantly higher scores than female students whose reports are without narrative texts. From in-depth interviews, we found that students who properly used both paradigmatic and narrative mode of thought were in a more advantageous position than those who used narrative thought only. It was also found that some narratively thinking students tended to feel uncomfortable with the way of learning or evaluating questions about science. In the future, a complementary approach of narrative and paradigmatic mode of thoughts would be encouraged by understanding students' tendency of thinking.
In recent years space planning for modern city has been accomplished through scientific high technique and computer supported collaborative work. Relatively human being is treated as a component of the space or whole building and according to the social structure people tend to prefer private space. The necessity of the open space as an active place is emphasized now because the interaction created between users of the space and the nature, surrounding environment can influence on improving quality of outdoor life and giving the place specific identity. In this paper three ways of analyses of components which compose the open space are studied. Especially through the process of analyses derived from differenet areas, the necessity of communication model in collaborative work is proposed.
Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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v.26
no.2
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pp.147-158
/
2016
Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate the assessment of exposure to welding fume and heavy metals among construction welders. Methods: Activity-specific personal air samplings(n=206) were carried out at construction sites of three apartment, two office buildings, and two plant buildings using PVC(poly vinyl chloride) filters with personal air samplers. The concentration of fumes and heavy metals were evaluated for five different types of construction welding jobs: general building pipefitter, chemical plant pipefitter, boiler maker, ironworker, metal finishing welder. Results: The concentration of welding fumes was highest among general building pipefitters(4.753mg/m3) followed by ironworkers(3.765mg/m3), boilermakers(1.384mg/m3), metal finishing welders(0.783mg/m3), chemical pipefitters(0.710mg/m3). Among the different types of welding methods, the concentration of welding fumes was highest with the CO2 welding method(2.08mg/m3) followed by SMAW(shield metal arc welding, 1.54mg/m3) and TIG(tungsten inert gas, 0.70mg/m3). Among the different types of workplace, the concentration of welding fumes was highest in underground workplaces(1.97mg/m3) followed by outdoor(0.93mg/m3) and indoor(wall opening as 0.87mg/m3). Specifically comparing the workplaces of general building welders, the concentration of welding fumes was highest in underground workplaces(7.75mg/m3) followed by indoor(wall opening as 2.15mg/m3). Conclusions: It was found that construction welders experience a risk of expose to welding hazards at a level exceeding the exposure limits. In particular, for high-risk welding jobs such as general building pipefitters and ironworkers, underground welding work and CO2 welding operations require special occupational health management regarding the use of air supply and exhaust equipment and special safety and health education and fume mask are necessary. In addition, there is a need to establish construction work monitoring systems, health planning and management practices.
Ecological studies of Aedes togoi, the vector of malayan filariasis, were ci,wind out at Tolsando, Yosu and Sokcho area in 1991. The adult population of Aedes togoi was continuously appeared from the first week of April to the end of November showing the highest density in .truly. The larvae of Aedes togoi were found at rock pools from March to December in Sokcho area and the density was highest in July and August, whereas in the southern coastal area (Yosu), the larvae were found throughout the year and the density was the highest in Tune. The rate of larvae inhabited below 0.5% salinity was 45.7% in Sokcho and 51.7% in Yosu. The feeding activity of Aedes togoi was nocturnal, with the peak period of 01 :00-03:00 hours. Indoor feeding activities were slightly higher than outdoors showing the biting ratio of 1 :0.8 (indoor: outdoor). The average number of Aedes togoi attracted to CO2 gas was 8.5 whereas 117 Anophelei sinensis was attracted. The result indicates that CO2 is not an effective attractant for host seeking of Aedes togoi compared to Anopheles sineteis. The most common place was bedroom with 54.5% of total collections and next to stock place (18.2%), floor(9.1%) and kitchen (9.1%).
Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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v.34
no.1
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pp.63-66
/
2008
Sunscreen is usually used by people when they are at the beach or outdoor swimming pools. Since the existing methods of and standards for measuring the effects of blocking ultra violet rays do not employ water resistance test methods, the establishment of a water resistance SPF test method is required. In this study, to standardize the SPF evaluation methods for a water resistant sunscreen, proposed measurement methods in this study were compared with those of foreign countries. Selected water resistance SPF experiments confirmed the product's suitability and a verification test was then conducted by establishing the variables of water resistance SPF measurement methods. In the comparative experiment on water resistance SPF given a water temperature of 23∼32 degrees centigrade showed that temperature did not have any statistically significant effect on water resistance SPF. The changing water flow also did not have any statistically significant effect on the water resistance SPF. Therefore, continuous 20 min water circulation is deemed appropriate as an alternative to the subject's usual activity.
A high airtightness is required for the residential spaces constructed recently to save cooling and heating energy through improving insulation performance. Because the chances to release steam formed by human activity in building and inflow of water vapor in outdoor air to residential space are reduced, the natural humidity control performance of interior materials has become more important. In this study, hygroscopic performance of thermo-physically treated wood (Pinus koraiensis) was estimated. At various relative humidity condition, the water vapor adsorption and desorption rates of wooden materials were measured as well as equilibrium moisture content. Effects of roughness and surface microstructure as physical factors and functional groups as chemical factors on the hygroscopicity were analyzed. It is expected that the results from this study and further study of measuring moisture generation in residential spaces could contribute to install a system for evaluating the hygrothermal performance of wooden building.
The prevention of infectious disease from contaminated foods is very important in public health. Quantitative microbial risk assessment has been used in advance countries to achieve the safety of public health against hazardous microbial causing contaminated foods. This study was conducted to estimate maximum edible time without producing enterotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus in Kimbap selling at different domestic store using Food MicroModel and monitoring data and to compute maximum edible time by temperature with 99th percentile safety probability based on only restaurant data. For estimating maximum edible time, model operation conditions like reaching time at 2 × 107 , which enterotoxin was known as producing point from S. aureus, temperature of 28∼30∘C, pH 5.2, NaCl 0.22%, aw(water activity) 0.99, and intaking one serving size of 171g in Kimbap were considered. Estimated maximum edible times by regarding outdoor temperature in summer were 3.9∼4.6 hrs in restaurant, 6.7∼7.9 hrs in department store and 7.4∼8.7 hrs in convenient store. Based on restaurant data, estimated maximum edible times with 99th percentile safety probability by temperature were 1.9 hrs in 30∘C and 17.7 hrs in 15∘C.
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